Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a pair of substrates with liquid crystal sealed between them. A polymer layer regulates directions in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt. A plurality of gate bus lines and a plurality of drain bus lines are provided on one of the substrates. Color filters and a pixel electrode are provided on the substrate. The pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode. A common electrode is provided on the other substrate. A first and a second thin film transistor are connected to the first sub-pixel electrode. The first thin film transistors is connected to a first gate bus line, and the second thin film transistor is connected to a second bus line.

Abstract: A surface light source device including: an organic EL element having a light-emitting surface for emitting light; and a light output surface structure layer provided on the organic EL element on a side of the light-emitting surface, wherein the light output surface structure layer includes concave portions which are relatively recessed and convex portions which are relatively projected, the concave portions and convex portions being provided on a surface opposite to the organic electroluminescent element in an alternate manner along an in-plane direction parallel to the surface, and the bottom of the concave portion and the top of the convex portion that are adjacent to each other are distant with distances in a thickness direction of the surface light source device, the distances being made uneven with a standard deviation range of not less than 0.05 ?m.

Abstract: An optical sheet comprising: a transparent substrate having a first surface S1 and a second surface S2; a first light diffusion layer provided on a first surface S1 side of the transparent substrate; and a second light diffusion layer provided on a second surface S2 side of the transparent substrate, wherein a haze x1 (%) of the first light diffusion layer and a haze x2 (%) of the second light diffusion layer satisfy f(x1)/(f(x1)+f(x2))?2/3 (where when x?88, a function f(x)=1.9×(ln(1?x/90))2, and when x>88, the function f(x)=22.5x?1952.5) and (f(x1)+f(x2))?12; and a surface light source device having the same.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising: an organic electroluminescence element that has a light-emitting surface and emits light from the light-emitting surface; and a structure layer that is provided directly or indirectly on the light-emitting surface of the organic electroluminescence element, wherein the structure layer has a concavo-convex structure on a surface of the structure layer, the surface being opposite to the organic electroluminescence element, the concavo-convex structure including a first streak array extending in a first direction that is parallel to the surface, a second streak array extending in a second direction that is parallel to the surface and intersects the first direction, and a third streak array extending in a third direction that is parallel to the surface and intersects the first direction and the second direction, the concavo-convex structure includes flat surface portions parallel to the light-emitting surface and an inclined surface portion that is inclined with respect to the

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid crystal display device, including a pixel electrode formed on the substrate, wherein the pixel electrode includes a micro-cutout pattern defined by a plurality of micro-cutouts extending in four different directions with respect to an extension direction of a rough structural pattern. The substrate also includes a first electrode extending in a first direction, a second electrode extending in a second direction that is approximately perpendicular to the first direction, and a contact hole that electrically connects the pixel electrode and the first electrode. A portion of the rough structural pattern and/or a portion of the micro-cutout pattern overlap the first electrode. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including such a substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, defined as a first substrate and a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates. The device also includes a pixel electrode and an additional electrode formed on the first substrate, and a contact hole that is configured and arranged to connect the pixel electrode and the additional electrode. In certain embodiments, the contact hole is formed at a liquid crystal domain boundary. In other embodiments, an additional contact hole is also provided between the pixel electrode and a second additional electrode, and in such embodiments the contact hole and the additional contact hole are formed within different liquid crystal domains. Further, in certain embodiments, the pixel electrode includes a plurality of pixel electrode slits arranged in a pattern to form a plurality of liquid crystal domains within each pixel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules provided between a first substrate and a second substrate; pixels forming a display area; electrodes for applying a voltage across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels; a plurality of domain regulating structures for dividing orientations of the liquid crystal molecules and forming multiple domains within each of the pixels, when a predetermined voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer within each of the pixels. The device also includes a structure which is formed in an outer area located next to the display area, but that does not overlap the display area, and is substantially the same as at least one of the plurality of domain regulating structures.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having an organic EL element that has a light-emitting surface and emits light from the light-emitting surface, and a structure layer disposed directly or indirectly on the light-emitting surface. The structure layer has, on a surface thereof that is opposite to the organic electroluminescent element, a concavo-convex structure including a first streak array extending in a first direction that is parallel to the surface, a second streak array extending in a second direction that is parallel to the surface and intersects with the first direction, and a third streak array extending in a third direction that is parallel to the surface and intersects with the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: A recording medium and apparatus enable the number of data units of recording pulse information to be reduced. The recording medium includes an information area for recording set values of a recording pulse for forming recording marks. The set values include preceding space-based set values having a first reference value as a set value of a recording pulse corresponding to a predetermined preceding space and a first difference set value of a recording pulse corresponding to a space other than the predetermined preceding space; and trailing space-based set values having a second reference value as a set value of a recording pulse corresponding to a predetermined trailing space and a second difference set value of a recording pulse corresponding to a space other than the predetermined trailing space and which is expressed as a difference from the second reference value.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in a quadruple-layer disk. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. If two test areas closer to the outer circumference, of four test areas, are defined as a first pair and two test areas closer to the inner circumference are defined as a second pair, the test areas of the first pair and the test areas of the second pair are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the first pair have the same consumption direction of the test area, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the second pair have the same consumption direction of the test area opposite to the consumption direction of the test area in the first pair, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent light source device includes, in the following order from a light-emitting surface side, a first transparent electrode layer, a luminescent layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a reflecting layer, wherein the reflecting layer includes a concavo-convex structure with an average inclination angle of 12 to 45°. An organic electroluminescent light source device includes, in the following order, a first transparent electrode layer, a luminescent layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a diffusing layer, and a reflecting-scattering layer, wherein the diffusing layer has a concavo-convex surface including a concavo-convex structure with an average inclination angle of 17 to 45°.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent light source device including a first transparent electrode layer, a light-emitting layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and a reflective layer having a reflective surface, in this order from a light-emitting surface side, and further including a structural layer X that is provided between the second transparent electrode layer and the reflective surface and is in contact with the reflective surface, wherein the reflective surface has a concavo-convex structure, the concavo-convex structure has a plurality of concavo-convex structure units formed of depressions or protrusions, and a refractive index n of the structural layer X, an inclination angle ?×1 (°) of the concavo-convex structure units, and a mean inclination angle ?×2 (°) of the concavo-convex structure at the reflective surface satisfy ?×1?sin?1(1/n) and {90?sin?1(1/n) }/3??×2?sin?1(1/n).

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including first and second substrates, with a liquid crystal layer sealed therebetween; and first and second electrodes formed, respectively, on the first and second substrates. A first molecule orientation film is formed on the first substrate so as to cover the first electrode and a second molecule orientation film formed on the second substrate so as to cover the second electrode. A polarizer with a light absorption axis P is provided outside of the first substrate, and an analyzer with a light absorption axis A is provided outside of the second substrate. The light absorption axis A crosses the light absorption axis P. A plurality of micro structures are associated with at least one of the first and second electrodes, wherein the micro structures are obliquely arranged with respect to the light absorption axis P and the light absorption axis A.

Abstract: A surface light source device including an organic EL element of a double-side emission type and a light output surface structure layer provided on at least one surface of the organic EL element, wherein the light output surface structure layer includes a concavo-convex structure on a surface opposite to the organic electroluminescent element, the concavo-convex structure having flat surface portions parallel to the surface and an inclined surface portion tilted relative to the flat surface portions, and a projected area formed by projecting the inclined surface portion in a direction perpendicular to the flat surface portions onto a plane parallel to the flat surface portions is not more than 0.1 times a total area of the flat surface portions.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having three or more information recording layers reduces crosstalk caused by multi-reflected beams and improves signal quality. In the optical recording medium having three or more information recording layers, the refractive index of a plurality of intermediate layers disposed between adjacent information recording layers is greater than the refractive index of a cover layer disposed between a light incident surface and an information recording layer being the closest from the light incident surface.

Abstract: A surface light source device including: an organic EL element having a light-emitting surface for emitting light; and a light output surface structure layer provided on the organic EL element on a side of the light-emitting surface, wherein the light output surface structure layer includes concave portions which are relatively recessed and convex portions which are relatively projected, the concave portions and convex portions being provided on a surface opposite to the organic electroluminescent element in an alternate manner along an in-plane direction parallel to the surface, and the bottom of the concave portion and the top of the convex portion that are adjacent to each other are distant with distances in a thickness direction of the surface light source device, the distances being made uneven with a standard deviation range of not less than 0.05 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in an optical disk having at least three layers. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. The test areas of each layer are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Furthermore, the number of management information recording/reproduction areas overlapping with the test area in the layer direction at a position closer to the laser-incident surface than this test area is set equal to or smaller than one in each test area of each recording layer. The management information recording/reproduction areas are each so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with the test areas in the respective recording layers in the layer direction on the disk substrate side of the test areas.