Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling a braking force applied to each of front and rear road wheels of a vehicle depending upon a braking condition, with a hydraulic braking pressure supplied to each of the wheel brake cylinders through an actuator. The actuator is controlled by a braking force controller into which output signals of wheel speed sensors are fed. On the basis of the wheel speeds detected by the sensors, an estimated vehicle speed is calculated, and then a varying rate of the estimated vehicle speed is calculated. Furthermore, a wheel speed differential between the front and rear road wheels (or, a wheel slip rate differential therebetween) is calculated. Only when the wheel speed differential (or, the wheel slip rate differential) exceeds a predetermined value, the varying rate of the estimated vehicle speed is compared with a standard rate to estimate a coefficient of friction of the road surface.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an apoptosis regulating composition. According to the invention, an apoptosis regulating composition is provided which comprises, as an active ingredient at least one carbostyril derivatives of general formula (1) ##STR1## and salts thereof.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an apoptosis regulating composition. According to the invention, an apoptosis regulating composition is provided which comprises, as an active ingredient, at least one carbostyril derivatives of general formula (1) ##STR1## and salts thereof.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus includes an input unit for inputting an image signal for each of at least one input line, and a conversion unit for converting the input image signal for each input line into parallel converted image signals for a plurality of output lines and for outputting the converted image signals. A processing unit is then provided for performing image processing for each of the converted image signals for the plurality of output lines.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling a braking force applied to each of front and rear road wheels of a four-wheel drive vehicle depending upon a braking condition, with a hydraulic braking pressure supplied to each of the wheel brake cylinders through an actuator. The actuator is controlled by a braking force controller into which output signals of wheel speed sensors are fed. On the basis of the wheel speeds detected by the sensors, a wheel acceleration of each road wheel is calculated. Also, an oscillation of a relative movement between the front and rear road wheels is determined. And, a coefficient of friction of a road is estimated in accordance with the wheel acceleration and the oscillation. For example, it is estimated that the road is of a relatively low coefficient of friction, when a mean wheel acceleration of all road wheels becomes less than a predetermined standard acceleration, and when the oscillation is caused to exceed a predetermined level.

Abstract: A planning system for quickly forming the optimum plan for a given planning problem, includes a setting unit for accepting the given planning problem; an optimization unit for creating an objective function which expresses an item intended to be minimized or maximized in the planning problem, and for executing a process which minimizes or maximizes a value of the created objective function; a storage unit for storing therein, at least, constant values which are required for the optimizing process; and a display unit for displaying a processed result of the optimization unit.

Abstract: A copying apparatus includes an input device for inputting image data, a processing circuit for performing mosaic processing of the input image data, and a reproduction circuit for reproducing an image based on the processed image data. The processing circuit divides the input image data into a plurality of block areas and paints each block area with a uniform color according to the image data in the area so that the resolution of the image data is lower than the resolution of the original image.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an image processing unit, a counter, and a determining unit. The image processing unit processes image data between first and second color values of an input image. The counter counts generation frequencies of the respective color values of the input image. The determining unit determines the first and second color values on the basis of the count result obtained by the counter.

Abstract: An image processing method, and corresponding apparatus, includes the steps of discriminating the color type of an input color image from an input color image signal, generating a pattern signal indicating a predetermined graphic pattern corresponding to the color type in response to the color discrimination, generating a density signal in accord with the input color image signal, and supplying a reproduction signal in accord with the pattern signal and the density signal to an image reproduction unit.

Abstract: A two-color separating circuit separates an input image signal into two color signals R and K. In conformity with a color signal indicating the maximum value of the separated color signals, a color-mixture correcting circuit corrects the other color signal. The density of the color pixel formed by the corrected color signal is predicted, and the difference between the result of prediction and the color signal before correction is distributed among pixels of the same color surrounding this pixel. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an image processing apparatus for supplying an image forming apparatus, which collectively forms images of two colors, with an image signal subjected to processing capable of performing excellent color mixing without lowering the density of whichever of the two color-component images is formed last.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic technique for enhancing the quality of a reproduced image of character information and image information having an intermediate gradient.A latent image forming means provides a plurality of preset .gamma.-features and a plurality of sharpness features forsetting a resolving power of an image to be formed which can be selected optionally, and, in the latent image forming means, when a particular sharpness feature is set in response to a .gamma.-feature selected from the aforementioned .gamma.-features. In the reproduction of character image information, a .gamma.-feature for enabling the image reproduction to enhance the edge effect is selected, thereby emphasizing the sharpness feature. Whereas, in the reproduction of the image information to reproduce an intermediate gradient, a .gamma.-feature for enabling the reproduction of the intermediate gradient is selected, thereby weakening the sharpness feature.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus reads color images, identifies the colors of an read color image, converts the color image into a monochrome image, synthesizes color recognition information on the monochrome image, and prints the resulting synthesized image as a monochrome image. As a result, even if a low-priced printer is employed, it is possible to provide a monochrome image permitting recognition of the colors of the color original, or quick identification of differences among the colors thereof. Moreover, this allows a user to specify a desired graphic pattern to be associated with a given color, and to obtain collation tables independently of the monochrome image, or to print the specified graphic pattern with any variable magnification power.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a circuit for inputting a plurality of color component signals of a subtractive color system, a circuit for detecting a minimum value signal of the color component signals input by the input means, a circuit for emphasizing a high-frequency component of the minimum value signal detected by the detection means, and a circuit for discriminating a feature of an image in accordance with the minimum value signal whose high-frequency component is emphasized by the emphasizing means.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide hepatitis therapy. According to the invention, an apoptosis regulating composition is provided which comprises, as an active ingredient, at least one carbostyril derivatives of general formula (1) ##STR1## and salts thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing apparatus capable of identifying and converting a predetermined color in the input image into a predetermined density, whereby the color in the original image can be identified in a monochromatic image by the density. The apparatus is provided with a discrimination unit for identifying a predetermined color in the input image, a first image processing unit for applying a first image processing to the input image according to the result of discrimination by the discrimination unit, a second image processing unit for applying a second image processing to the input image, and a control unit for invalidating the second image processing in an area in which the image processing is conducted by the first image processing unit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for converting color images into monochromatic pattern images. The image processing apparatus includes: means for detecting the area of a color image; means for converting a color image into a monochromatic pattern image; and control means for varying such image processing in accordance with the result of detection made by the means for detecting the area. When a thin line is detected in a color area, the method of processing is determined based on the width of the detected thin line. For example, when the width of the thin line is smaller than a predetermined value, the area of such thin line may be outputted as a plain image instead of a pattern image so that it may easily be seen or recognized. The contour of a color area may be made conspicuous by combining a plain image and a pattern image.

Abstract: Apoptosis regulating compositions each comprising a member selected from a series of carbostyril derivatives and salts thereof, inclusive of carbostyril derivatives of general formula (1) ##STR1## and salts thereof, as an active ingredient are provided. The apoptosis regulating compositions of the invention are of use as anticancer agents, antiretrovirus agents, therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases, therapeutic agents for thrombocytopenia, therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, therapeutic agents for diseases of the liver, and cancer metastasis inhibitors, among others.

Abstract: An anti-skid apparatus for installation in a vehicle braking system includes an electrically operated actuator arranged to control hydraulic brake pressure applied to each wheel brake cylinder of road wheels of the vehicle and an electronic control device for applying an electric control signal to the actuator in response to electric signals indicative of each rotational speed of the road wheels so that the actuator is operated to decrease or increase the brake pressure when the rotational speed of the road wheels in braking operation becomes lower than a reference speed the value of which is defined on a basis of a travel, speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling a braking force applied to each of road wheels of a vehicle depending upon a braking condition, with a hydraulic braking pressure supplied to each of the wheel brake cylinders through an actuator. The actuator is controlled by a braking force controller into which output signals of wheel speed sensors are fed. The hydraulic braking pressure applied to each of the wheel brake cylinders is controlled by the braking force controller in accordance with each wheel speed. And, it is determined whether the vehicle is turning or not. If the vehicle is turning, the hydraulic braking pressure in a wheel brake cylinder operatively connected to one of the rear road wheels positioned at the outer side is controlled such that a decreasing operation of the pressure is restrained for at least a predetermined time period.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an input unit, a color discriminating unit, a pattern generating unit, and an image forming unit. The input unit inputs an image having a plurality of colors. The discriminating unit discriminates the colors of the image input from the input unit. The pattern generating unit generates a pattern image in accordance with the discrimination result obtained by the discriminating unit. The image forming unit forms the pattern image, generated by the pattern generating unit, on a recording medium. The image forming unit forms the pattern image in different colors in accordance with the discrimination result obtained by the discriminating unit.