Abstract: A spectroscopy method, includes guiding pulse laser light to an optical fiber, which mutually reacts with a sample to be measured of a light absorptance characteristic, outputting ring down pulse light obtained through light absorption of the sample, measuring an absorptance characteristic of the sample based on an attenuation characteristic of the ring down pulse light, and setting the pulse laser light as wide-spectrum laser light, setting the optical fiber as a strong dispersive optical fiber, and increasing a pulse width of the ring down pulse light to measure a wavelength absorptance characteristic based on a ring down attenuation constant of a pulse train with respect to a time sequence corresponding to a wavelength.

Abstract: A graphene production apparatus 100 has a vessel 10 and, attached thereto, an immersion electrode 20 and a non-immersion electrode 30. The immersion electrode has an electrode covering 20c and an electrode main body 20e, and the non-immersion electrode has a covering 30c and an electrode main body 30e. An argon-feeding conduit 40 is disposed so as to inject argon into the vessel 10 around the electrode main body 30e. Ethanol is supplied in such an amount that the liquid surface completely covers the electrode main body 20e of the immersion electrode 20 and does not reach the electrode main body 30e of the non-immersion electrode 30. The electrode main body 20e is formed from, for example, iron, nickel, or cobalt.

Abstract: An audio signal high frequency component controlled in terms of directivity is reproduced, or an audio signal high frequency component compensated in terms of frequency characteristic or controlled in terms of directivity is reproduced, such that the reflected sound comes from a direction in which the high frequency component is intended to be localized. The sound pressure in a seat where a desired localization effect is not provided due to the arrangement of speakers is compensated such that the interaural amplitude level in the seat is equal to that of another seat. Thus, an equivalent level of localization effect is provided in a plurality of seats, especially for an audio signal high frequency component, without significantly increasing the number of the speakers.

Abstract: To provide a light source which realizes accurate determination of the particle density of a plasma atmosphere without disturbing the state of the plasma atmosphere. The light source of the invention includes a tubular casing 12; a cooling medium passage 30 for causing a cooling medium to flow therethrough, the passage being provided along the inner wall of the casing; a lens 50 provided at a tip end of the casing; a first electrode 44 and a second electrode 45 which are provided in the casing and before the lens so as to be vertical to the axis of the casing and parallel to each other; and an insulating spacer 46 provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: In a noise reduction apparatus for controlling noise up to a predetermined upper limited frequency, a distance from a noise source to control point X is made larger than a distance obtained by subtracting a one-half wavelength from a distance, obtained by adding up a distance from the noise source to a noise detecting microphone, a distance corresponding to time as a sum of respective delay time of the noise detecting microphone, a noise controller, and a control speaker, and a distance from the control speaker to control point X, where one wavelength is a period corresponding to the upper limited frequency.

Abstract: A negative electrode (10) for a lithium secondary battery, including a negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance layer (30) that is supported on the negative electrode collector (20) and includes carbon nanowalls (32) which are formed on the negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance (36) which is supported on the carbon nanowalls (32).

Abstract: A positive electrode (10) for a lithium secondary battery, including a positive electrode collector (20), and a positive electrode active substance layer (30) that is supported on the positive electrode collector (20) and includes carbon nanowalls (32) which are formed on the positive electrode collector (20), and a positive electrode active substance (36) which is supported on the carbon nanowalls (32).

Abstract: A noise control device includes a signal processor that detects a noise outputted from a noise source, and generates a control signal based on the noise and a control acoustic system that generates a control sound for canceling the noise, based on the control signal outputted from the signal processor. The noise control device also includes an output correction section that corrects the control signal outputted from the signal processor, in a frequency band for which a noise control process time ?, which is a time period from when the noise is outputted from the noise source to pass through the signal processor and the control acoustic system to when the control sound reaches the control point, is larger than a noise transfer time T, which is a time period from when the noise is outputted from the noise source to when the noise reaches the control point via the noise transfer system (?>T).

Abstract: A noise control device includes: four or more noise detectors each for detecting a plurality of noises arriving thereat, and outputting the noises as a noise signal; a control speaker for radiating, to a control point, a control sound based on each noise signal; and a filter section for signal-processing noise signals from the noise detectors by using filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the four or more noise detectors and which are set such that the control sound from the control speaker reduces the plurality of noises arriving at the control point, and for adding up all the signal-processed noise signals, and for outputting a resultant signal to the control speaker. The control point and the control speaker are provided within a polyhedral-shaped space whose apexes are placement positions of the noise detectors.

Abstract: After placing inside a reactor second container a substrate to which a CNT not yet carrying a catalyst is adhered under a sealed environment of supercritical carbon dioxide through which a Pt catalyst complex is dispersed, a temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide is maintained below a decomposition temperature of the Pt catalyst complex, and a temperature of the CNT not yet carrying a catalyst is maintained at or above the decomposition temperature of the Pt catalyst complex by heating the substrate. Further, a pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide is maintained at 7.5 MPa, which is slightly higher than a supercritical pressure (7.38 MPa) of carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide is then caused to contact the CNT adhered to the substrate, and as a result, a Pt catalyst is carried on the CNT.

Abstract: A speaker (10) includes: a speaker unit (20); a passive radiator (50x) in front of the speaker unit (20); and a cabinet (30) storing the speaker unit (20) to cover a rear space behind the speaker unit (20) to seal a space (30x) between the speaker unit (20) and the passive radiator (50x). An effective piston area (50L) of the passive radiator (50x) is larger than an effective piston area (20L) of the speaker unit (20).

Abstract: A fuel cell structure comprises a diffusion layer and/or a catalyst layer which are made of a carbonaceous porous material having a nano-size structure, such as carbon nanowall (CNW). A method of manufacturing the structure is also disclosed. The structure and method simplify the process of manufacturing a fuel cell electrode comprised of an electrode catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The electrical conductivity of the catalyst layer is increased and the diffusion efficiency of the diffusion layer is improved, whereby the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved.

Abstract: To provide a simple process for producing graphene. A graphene production apparatus 100 has a vessel 10 and, attached thereto, an immersion electrode 20 and a non-immersion electrode 30. The immersion electrode has an electrode covering 20c and an electrode main body 20e, and the non-immersion electrode has a covering 30c and an electrode main body 30e. An argon-feeding conduit 40 is disposed so as to inject argon into the vessel 10 around the electrode main body 30e. Ethanol is supplied in such an amount that the liquid surface completely covers the electrode main body 20e of the immersion electrode 20 and does not reach the electrode main body 30e of the non-immersion electrode 30. The electrode main body 20e is formed from, for example, iron, nickel, or cobalt. Thus, a 60-Hz AC voltage is applied to the electrode main body 20e immersed in the liquid; i.e.

Abstract: The degree of freedom in the shape of channels in a separator is increased, enabling an optimum gas channel to be designed, enabling a sufficient supply of gas below gas channel ribs, and improving cell performance through the reduction in diffusion polarization. Drainage property is also improved and flooding is prevented, thereby reducing diffusion polarization and improving cell performance. Cell performance is also improved through the reduction of contact resistance. A fuel cell separator comprises a separator substrate on which gas channel ribs are formed through vapor-phase growth of a carbon-based porous material with a nanosize structure. An electrode structure for a fuel cell, methods of manufacturing the separator and the fuel cell, and a solid polymer fuel cell comprising the electrode structure.

Abstract: A spectroscopy method, includes guiding pulse laser light to an optical fiber, which mutually reacts with a sample to be measured of a light absorptance characteristic, outputting ring down pulse light obtained through light absorption of the sample, measuring an absorptance characteristic of the sample based on an attenuation characteristic of the ring down pulse light, and setting the pulse laser light as wide-spectrum laser light, setting the optical fiber as a strong dispersive optical fiber, and increasing a pulse width of the ring down pulse light to measure a wavelength absorptance characteristic based on a ring down attenuation constant of a pulse train with respect to a time sequence corresponding to a wavelength.

Abstract: To provide a plasma generator having a plasma-generating zone of an increased volume. A plasma generator 100 has a casing 10 made of a sintered ceramic produced from alumina (Al2O3) as a raw material. The casing 10 has a slit-like gas intake section 12, and a gas discharge section 20 in which a plurality of holes are disposed in a line. From the gas intake section 12 to the top of a plasma-generating zone P, the slits have a width of 1 mm. There is provided a second gas discharge section 22 including holes 24 which have a diameter of 0.5 mm and a length of 16 mm and which are arranged in a line along the longitudinal axis of the plasma-generating zone P. The plasma-generating zone P has a cross-section which is a rectangle having a side of 2 to 5 mm. Electrodes 2a, 2b are provided with hollow portions on the surfaces thereof facing each other. A power sources supplies about 9 kV, which is obtained by boosting 100 V (60 Hz) and is applied to the electrodes 2a, 2b with a current of 20 mA.

Abstract: To achieve an apparatus capable of measuring a light absorption coefficient f a sample with high sensitivity. A ring down spectroscope uses a wavelength-variable femtosecond soliton pulse light source 1. Pulse light is input to a loop optical fiber 6 through a first light waveguide 4 and a wavelength selective switch 5. Ring down pulse light is input to a homodyne detector through the wavelength selective switch 5. On the other hand, pulse light propagating in the first light waveguide 4 is split and input to light waveguides constituting a second light waveguide 20 through an optical directional coupler 8 and a first optical switching element 12. The pulse light propagating in the second light waveguide 20 is input to the homodyne detector as reference light and used for synchronous detection. The plural light waveguides constituting the second light waveguide 20 differ in optical length in accordance with the length of the optical fiber 6, and can slightly change the optical length.

Abstract: A sound field measuring device uses a measurement signal which has at least one change point and whose frequency spectrum has a shape corresponding to a shape of a frequency spectrum of a background noise. This enables a sound field measurement, which is for measuring an impulse response or transfer function of a sound field space which is a linear time-invariant system to be measured, to be performed with a high S/N ratio over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a long electric discharge path is formed, and a workpiece is irradiated with an atmospheric plasma of a long rectangular area. An argon flow at a first gas outlet forms argon plasma by high-frequency electric power between the first and second electrodes, and the plasma is jetted as an auxiliary plasma in the longitudinal direction from the left end of a primary plasma-generating zone. Another argon flow at a second gas outlet forms argon plasma by high-frequency electric power between the third and fourth electrodes, and the plasma is jetted as an auxiliary plasma in the longitudinal direction from the right end of the primary plasma-generating zone. When high-frequency electric power is applied to the first and third electrodes, electric discharge occurs between two argon plasmas flowing from both ends of the primary plasma-generating zone. Through the electric discharge, the discharge state is maintained in the entire primary plasma-generating zone.

Abstract: To provide an electronic device employing a carbon nanostructure and exhibiting novel characteristics. n-Conduction-type carbon nanowalls 81 were formed on an n-conduction-type silicon substrate 80. Subsequently, p-conduction-type carbon nanowalls 82 were grown so as to cover the surfaces of the n-conduction-type carbon nanowalls 81. Gold was deposited on the end surfaces of the p-conduction-type carbon nanowalls 82 through EB deposition, to thereby form a first electrode 85. Separately, gold was deposited on the bottom surface of the n-conduction-type silicon substrate 80 through EB deposition, to thereby form a second electrode 86. Thus, there was formed a diode having a pn junction between the n-conduction-type carbon nanowalls 81 and the p-conduction-type carbon nanowalls 82.