Abstract: Disclosed is a particle density measuring probe for measuring the density of atoms or molecules in a plasma atmosphere by absorption spectroscopy. The probe has a cylindrical light guiding member provided in the plasma atmosphere. At the front end of the light guiding member, there is provided a reflection plate for reflecting light that has propagated through the cylindrical light guiding member. Behind the reflection plate, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the light guiding member, a part devoid of a portion of wall surface is provided by a predetermined length in the longitudinal direction. A plasma introducing portion allows mutual contact between light passing through this part devoid of a portion of wall surface and atoms or molecules in the plasma atmosphere. The probe has a main body that guides light in an axial direction by total reflection by a side wall, and that is located behind the plasma introducing portion.

Abstract: In a noise reduction apparatus for controlling noise up to a predetermined upper limited frequency, a distance from a noise source to control point X is made larger than a distance obtained by subtracting a one-half wavelength from a distance, obtained by adding up a distance from the noise source to a noise detecting microphone, a distance corresponding to time as a sum of respective delay time of the noise detecting microphone, a noise controller, and a control speaker, and a distance from the control speaker to control point X, where one wavelength is a period corresponding to the upper limited frequency.

Abstract: To provide a light source which realizes accurate determination of the particle density of a plasma atmosphere without disturbing the state of the plasma atmosphere. The light source of the invention includes a tubular casing 12; a cooling medium passage 30 for causing a cooling medium to flow therethrough, the passage being provided along the inner wall of the casing; a lens 50 provided at a tip end of the casing; a first electrode 44 and a second electrode 45 which are provided in the casing and before the lens so as to be vertical to the axis of the casing and parallel to each other; and an insulating spacer 46 provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A noise control device includes the following structural elements. A signal memory records both of a noise signal supplied from a noise microphone and an error signal supplied from an error microphone. A filter coefficient calculator calculates a fixed filter coefficient of a control filter by using data recorded in the signal memory. A filter coefficient renewing section renews, at a given timing, a filter coefficient set at a fixed filter in a control filter to a filter coefficient read out from the filter coefficient calculator.

Abstract: A noise control device according to the present invention includes: a signal processor that detects a noise outputted from a noise source, and generates a control signal based on the noise; a control acoustic system that generates a control sound for canceling the noise, based on the control signal outputted from the signal processor; and an output correction section that corrects the control signal outputted from the signal processor, in a frequency band for which a noise control process time ?, which is a time period from when the noise is outputted from the noise source to pass through the signal processor and the control acoustic system to when the control sound reaches the control point, is larger than a noise transfer time T, which is a time period from when the noise is outputted from the noise source to when the noise reaches the control point via the noise transfer system (?>T).

Abstract: A noise reduction device, including a microphone for detecting noise, a noise controller for reversing the phase of noise detected by the microphone based on information outputted from the microphone, and a speaker for outputting sound based on information outputted from the noise controller, is arranged at a seat surrounded by a shell portion having a cavity, wherein a speaker is disposed in the cavity of the shell portion.

Abstract: It includes a microphone for detecting noise emitted from a noise source, a noise controller for generating control sound signal to reduce noise detected by the microphone based on information from the microphone, and a speaker for outputting control sound based on control sound signal from the noise controller, wherein a plurality of microphones and speakers are arranged for each seat, and a plurality of microphones are arranged in higher density for each seat in a specific direction.

Abstract: To provide a noise control device capable of eliminating a possibility that a noise arriving at a control point is increased as compared to a case where the noise control is not performed and capable of reducing the circuit scale thereof.

Abstract: A noise reduction device including a noise detection microphone including a high-frequency noise detection microphone and a low-frequency noise detection microphone for respectively detecting a high-frequency noise and a low-frequency noise generated from a noise source; a noise control unit for generating a control sound signal for cancelling a noise detected by the noise detection microphone in a control center of control space; and a loudspeaker for outputting a control sound based on the control sound signal from the noise controlling unit. The high-frequency noise microphone is disposed in a vicinity of a head portion of a user in a state in which directivity in an opposite direction with respect to the control center is added, and the low-frequency noise detection microphone is disposed outside of a sound-insulating wall.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling a carbon nanowall (CNW) structure having improved corrosion resistance against high potential by varying the spacing between the carbon nanowall (CNW) walls so that its surface area and crystallinity are controlled. Also provided is a carbon nanowall (CNW) with a high surface arca and a carbon nanowall (CNW) with a high crystallinity, both of which have a controlled structure. According to the present invention, provided are: (1) a carbon nanowall, characterized by having a wall surface area of 50 cm2/cm2-substrate·?m or more; (2) a carbon nanowall, characterized by having a crystallinity such that the D band half value width in the Raman spectrum measured with an irradiation laser wavelength of 514.5 nm is 85 cm?1 or less: and (3) a carbon nanowall, characterized by having not only a wall surface area of 50 cm2/cm2-substrate·?m or more but also a crystallinity such that the D-band half value width in the Raman spectrum measured with an irradiation laser wavelength of 14.

Abstract: [Object] To achieve a compact point light source exhibiting multielement emission spectra with which multi elements can be simultaneously analyzed. [Solving Means] The light source includes a glass vessel 40 containing He gas; a plurality of micro hollow pipes 11 that are cylindrical with a diameter of 1 mm or less and made of copper or a copper alloy; an anode mesh 32 provided at ends of the micro hollow pipes 11 with an insulating spacer 33 between the anode mesh 32 and the ends; a metal wire 14 provided in the micro hollow pipe 11, the metal wire being made of an element corresponding to a desired light-source spectrum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a particle density measuring probe for measuring the density of atoms or molecules in a plasma atmosphere by absorption spectroscopy. The probe has a cylindrical light guiding member provided in the plasma atmosphere. At the front end of the light guiding member, there is provided a reflection plate for reflecting light that has propagated through the cylindrical light guiding member. Behind the reflection plate, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the light guiding member, a part devoid of a portion of wall surface is provided by a predetermined length in the longitudinal direction. A plasma introducing portion allows mutual contact between light passing through this part devoid of a portion of wall surface and atoms or molecules in the plasma atmosphere. The probe has a main body that guides light in an axial direction by total reflection by a side wall, and that is located behind the plasma introducing portion.

Abstract: A sound field measuring device according to the present invention uses a measurement signal which has at least one change point and whose frequency spectrum has a shape corresponding to a shape of a frequency spectrum of a background noise. This enables a sound field measurement, which is for measuring an impulse response or transfer function of a sound field space which is a linear time-invariant system to be measured, to be performed with a high S/N ratio over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a light-emitting device as a point light source having a broad emission spectrum by a safe and simple process. [Means for Solving the Problem] The discharge light source shown in FIG. 1 is composed of an insulated pipe 30 and electrodes 31a and 31b. Projections 32a and 32b extend from the electrodes 31a and 31b. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes 31a and 31b in an argon gas flow through the insulated pipe 30 passing between the projections 32a and 32b, a glow discharge is generated thereby emitting light in the area between the projections 32a and 32b. The interval between the projections 32a and 32b is so narrow that the emitting area is small, and thus the light source serves as a point light source. The emission intensity increases with an increase of the gas flow rate, whereby a continuous broad emission spectrum is produced over the ultraviolet to visible region.

Abstract: To achieve an apparatus capable of measuring a light absorption coefficient f a sample with high sensitivity. A ring down spectroscope uses a wavelength-variable femtosecond soliton pulse light source 1. Pulse light is input to a loop optical fiber 6 through a first light waveguide 4 and a wavelength selective switch 5. Ring down pulse light is input to a homodyne detector through the wavelength selective switch 5. On the other hand, pulse light propagating in the first light waveguide 4 is split and input to light waveguides constituting a second light waveguide 20 through an optical directional coupler 8 and a first optical switching element 12. The pulse light propagating in the second light waveguide 20 is input to the homodyne detector as reference light and used for synchronous detection. The plural light waveguides constituting the second light waveguide 20 differ in optical length in accordance with the length of the optical fiber 6, and can slightly change the optical length.

Abstract: The degree of freedom in the shape of channels in a separator is increased, enabling an optimum gas channel to be designed, enabling a sufficient supply of gas below gas channel ribs, and improving cell performance through the reduction in diffusion polarization. Drainage property is also improved and flooding is prevented, thereby reducing diffusion polarization and improving cell performance. Cell performance is also improved through the reduction of contact resistance. A fuel cell separator comprises a separator substrate on which gas channel ribs are formed through vapor-phase growth of a carbon-based porous material with a nanosize structure. An electrode structure for a fuel cell, methods of manufacturing the separator and the fuel cell, and a solid polymer fuel cell comprising the electrode structure.

Abstract: A noise control device according to the present invention comprises: four or more noise detectors each for detecting a plurality of noises arriving thereat, and outputting the noises as a noise signal; a control speaker for radiating, to a control point, a control sound based on each noise signal; and a filter section for signal-processing noise signals from the noise detectors by using filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the four or more noise detectors and which are set such that the control sound from the control speaker reduces the plurality of noises arriving at the control point, and for adding up all the signal-processed noise signals, and for outputting a resultant signal to the control speaker. The control point and the control speaker are provided within a polyhedral-shaped space whose apexes are placement positions of the noise detectors.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell support for a catalyst layer comprises the steps of vapor-growing a carbonaceous porous material having a nano-size structure, such as carbon nanowalls (CNWs), and supporting and dispersing a catalyst component and/or an electrolyte component on the support for a catalyst layer. The method simplifies the process for manufacturing an electrode layer for fuel cells and improves the dispersibility of the catalyst component and the electrolyte, whereby the generation efficiency of a fuel cell can be improved.

Abstract: A fuel cell structure comprises a diffusion layer and/or a catalyst layer which are made of a carbonaceous porous material having a nano-size structure, such as carbon nanowall (CNW). A method of manufacturing the structure is also disclosed. The structure and method simplify the process of manufacturing a fuel cell electrode comprised of an electrode catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The electrical conductivity of the catalyst layer is increased and the diffusion efficiency of the diffusion layer is improved, whereby the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved.

Abstract: Releasability of a mold and a resin layer during nanoimprinting is improved, thereby improving the durability of the mold. A nanoimprint mold for resin molding comprising a carbon nanowall layer provided on the surface thereof, a method of forming a nanopattern using the mold, and a resin-molded product obtained by the method.