Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a heat medium relay unit accommodating heat exchangers for exchanging heat between a flammable refrigerant and a heat medium different from the refrigerant. The heat medium relay unit is disposed in a space in a structure that is not an air conditioned space. One or more outdoor units are connected to the heat medium relay unit to circulate the refrigerant therein. The outdoor units are disposed in a space outside the structure or a space inside the structure that is not isolated completely from the space outside the structure. One or more indoor units are connected to the heat medium relay unit by a different system than that of the outdoor units. The indoor units circulate the heat medium therein to exchange heat with air related to the indoor space.

Abstract: In removal processing using a pulsed laser beam, processing deviation occurs in the depthwise direction to cause a processing error in a predetermined removal shape. A first pulsed laser beam L1 is a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that exhibits transmittance to a workpiece 6, and a second pulsed laser beam L2 is a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that exhibits absorption to the workpiece 6. The first pulsed laser beam L1 is focused into the workpiece 6, and a focal point P1 of the first pulsed laser beam L1 is scanned along the outline of a predetermined removal region R1 to form a modified portion 6A along the outline of the predetermined removal region R1. Next, removal processing is performed by scanning the second pulsed laser beam L2 in a region enclosed by the modified portion 6A.

Abstract: A heat source-side refrigerant circuit A including a compressor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, a first refrigerant branch portion 21 connected to the compressor 11, a second refrigerant branch portion 22 and a third refrigerant branch portion 23 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 13, a first refrigerant flow rate control device 24 provided between branch piping 40 and the second refrigerant branch portion 22, intermediate heat exchangers 25n connected at one side thereof to the first refrigerant branch portion 21 and the third refrigerant branch portion 23 via three-way valves 26n and connected at the other side thereof to the second refrigerant branch portion 22, and second refrigerant flow rate control devices 27n provided between the respective intermediate heat exchangers 25n and the second refrigerant branch portion 22, and user-side refrigerant circuits Bn having indoor heat exchangers 31n connected respectively to the intermediate heat exchangers 25n are provided, and at least one of water and

Abstract: In an air-conditioning apparatus, a heat source side heat exchanger, intermediate heat exchangers, and use side heat exchangers are separately formed and adapted to be disposed at separate locations, respectively. There is provided a defrosting operation function to melt frost attached around the heat source side heat exchanger, and a heating function during defrosting operation that drives a pump to circulate a heat medium and supply heating energy to the use side heat exchangers in need of heating to perform heating operation. The defrosting operation function can be executed by switching a four-way valve to cooling side to introduce a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowed out of the compressor into the heat source side heat exchanger.

Abstract: A computing device calculates an evaporating temperature Te* and a dew-point temperature Tdew* from a quality X, a temperature glide ?T determined by a difference between a boiling temperature and a dew-point temperature at a predetermined pressure, and a refrigerant temperature detected by second temperature detection means.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus is provided with a refrigerant cycle through which a heat-source-side refrigerant is to be circulated, a first heat medium channel to which a pump is connected and through which a heat medium such as water, an anti-freezing solution or the like is circulated, a first heat medium channel to which a pump is connected and through which a heat medium is circulated, and a plurality of use-side heat exchangers connected to the first heat medium channels. Also, the first heat medium channels are connected to the suction side of a pump through a pump flow direction switching device, and the first heat medium channels are connected to the discharge side of the pump through a pump flow direction switching device. By controlling opening degrees of the pump flow direction switching devices, the first heat medium channel which communicates with the pump is selected.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes: an outdoor unit including a compressor, a first refrigerant flow path switching device, and a heat-source-side heat exchanger; a heat medium relay unit including an intermediate heat exchanger, an expansion device, a second refrigerant flow path switching device, and a pump; and at least one indoor unit including a use-side heat exchanger. The compressor, the first refrigerant flow path switching device, the expansion device, the second refrigerant flow path switching device, and the intermediate heat exchanger are connected using a refrigerant pipe, thereby making up a refrigeration cycle. The intermediate heat exchanger and the use-side heat exchanger are connected using a heat medium pipe, thereby making up a heat medium circulation circuit in which a heat medium different from the refrigerant circulates.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning apparatus, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, intermediate heat exchangers 15a and 15b, and use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d are separately formed and adapted to be disposed at separate locations, respectively. There are provided a defrosting operation function to melt frost attached around the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and a heating function during defrosting operation that drives a pump 21a to circulate a heat medium and supply heating energy to the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d in need of heating to perform heating operation. The defrosting operation function can be executed by switching a four-way valve 11 to cooling side to introduce a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowed out of the compressor 10 into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention includes a base material and a coating film formed on the base material. The coating film includes at least one TiCN layer. The TiCN layer has a columnar crystal region. The columnar crystal region is characterized by having a composition of TiCxNy(in which 0.65?x/(x+y)?0.90), having a (422) plane having a plane spacing of 0.8765 ? to 0.8790 ? and having TC (220) showing a maximum value in an orientation index TC (hkl).

Abstract: A compact, readily-manufacturable heat exchanger and a refrigeration cycle apparatus equipped with the same are provided. One of opposite ends of a main body in a refrigerant flowing direction is provided with a first inlet communication hole that extends in a direction of arrangement of first refrigerant channels and that communicates with all of the first refrigerant channels. The other end is provided with a first outlet communication hole that extends in the direction of arrangement of the first refrigerant channels and that communicates with all of the first refrigerant channels.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus that that is capable of saving energy is provided. An air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant indoor unit that air-conditions a conditioned space by using a heat source side refrigerant supplied from an outdoor unit, and a heat medium indoor unit that air-conditions a conditioned space by using a heat medium different from the heat source side refrigerant. The air-conditioning apparatus includes a first heat medium relay unit that is supplied with the heat source side refrigerant from the outdoor unit, a third heat medium relay unit interposed between the first heat medium relay unit and the refrigerant indoor unit, and a third heat medium relay unit interposed between the first heat medium relay unit and the heat medium indoor unit.

Abstract: A computing device calculates a quality of a refrigerant flowing out of an expansion device on the basis of an inlet liquid enthalpy calculated on the basis of a temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the expansion device, and a saturated gas enthalpy and a saturated liquid enthalpy calculated on the basis of a temperature or pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the expansion device; calculates a liquid-phase concentration and a gas-phase concentration of the refrigerant flowing out of the expansion device on the basis of the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the expansion device; and calculates a composition of the refrigerant circulating in a refrigeration cycle on the basis of the calculated quality, liquid-phase concentration, and gas-phase concentration.

Abstract: A refrigeration air conditioning system having a moisture adsorption means regenerated by discharged condensation heat or other discharged heat of a low temperature range in the refrigeration cycle, and exerting stable cooling performance even at a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less. A desiccant rotor, holds an adsorbent having pore sizes of, for example, 1-1.4 nm in a space at a predetermined temperature range of a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less. Forming of frost on an evaporator is prevented by supplying the dehumidified air by the desiccant rotor to the evaporator disposed on a leeward side thereof in a freezing room as the desiccant rotor is rotated, while the adsorbent having adsorbed moisture is dried and recovers its adsorbing ability by supplying the air dried by discharged heat from a condenser on the windward side thereof to the desiccant rotor outside of the freezing room.

Abstract: A computing device calculates a quality of a refrigerant flowing out of a second expansion device on the basis of an inlet liquid enthalpy calculated on the basis of a temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the second expansion device and a saturated gas enthalpy and a saturated liquid enthalpy calculated on the basis of a temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the second expansion device or a pressure of the refrigerant sucked into a compressor; calculates a liquid-phase concentration and a gas-phase concentration of the refrigerant flowing out of the second expansion device on the basis of the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the second expansion device and the pressure of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor; and calculates a composition of the refrigerant circulating in a refrigeration cycle on the basis of the calculated quality, liquid-phase concentration, and gas-phase concentration.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a controller which calculates a composition ratio of a refrigerant mixture using a high-pressure-side pressure of a refrigerant discharged from a compressor, a low-pressure-side pressure of a refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor, a high-pressure-side temperature of a refrigerant at an inlet side of a second expansion device in a high/low pressure bypass pipe, and a low-pressure-side temperature of a refrigerant at an outlet side of the second expansion device in the high/low pressure bypass pipe and which determines whether to open or close a bypass-channel opening/closing device.

Abstract: A heat exchanger in which inner wall surfaces of refrigerant passages through which a first refrigerant and a second refrigerant flow are constituted by a different metal and in which a heat exchange performance is improved. Second-refrigerant heat-transfer tubes that are formed with a metal different from a heat transfer block are each inserted through a corresponding second-refrigerant heat-transfer-tube insertion hole. The second-refrigerant heat-transfer tubes are formed with a metal with a different material from that of the heat transfer block.

Abstract: An outdoor unit is configured to include a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger. Indoor units are configured to include first expansion devices and use side heat exchangers, and air-condition an air-conditioned space. Branching devices, connected by pipes to the outdoor unit by a plurality of main pipes and connected by pipes to each indoor unit by a plurality of branch pipes, are configured to branch a refrigerant from a side of the main pipes and circulate the refrigerant to the branch pipes, and converge the refrigerant from a side of the branch pipes and circulate the refrigerant to the main pipes. A refrigerant concentration detecting device is installed in a non-air-conditioned space. A shutoff valve control device is configured, upon determining that the refrigerant has leaked, to control shutoff devices and to shut off the refrigerant flows.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus controls an opening degree of at least one of a second expansion device and a third expansion device to adjust the amount of refrigerant to flow through the injection pipe.

Abstract: A first cycle, in which a first medium is circulated, employs a compressor, a first heat exchanger structured with an air heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger. A second cycle, in which a second medium is circulated and heat is exchanged with the first medium through the second heat exchanger, employs indoor units, each having a fan. A third cycle, in which the second medium is circulated and heat is exchanged with the first medium through the third heat exchanger, shares the indoor units with the second cycle. Flow path switching valves switch flow paths between the second cycle and third cycle. Before the first heat exchanger is defrosted, a halted indoor unit is filled with the second medium in the third cycle with its fan being halted. The third heat exchanger functions as an evaporator during a defrosting operation.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus controls that a discharge temperature does not become too high with a refrigerant whose compressor discharge temperature readily rises, and thus suppress degradation of the refrigerant and a refrigerating machine oil. An injection pipe that injects a heat source side refrigerant into a compressor is installed, connected a pipe between a backflow prevention device and an opening and closing device installed on a branching pipe, and an aperture unit in the compressor.