Abstract: A photovoltaic generation system includes: a solar cell array formed with one or more solar cell modules; and a power conditioner, wherein each of the solar cell modules includes one or more solar cells, the photovoltaic generation system further has a first conductive wire connected to a conductor parts which is provided at each of the solar cell modules and which is insulated from the solar cells, and a constant voltage power supply whose one end is connected to the first conductive wire, and a potential is supplied to the conductor parts by the constant voltage power supply. As a result, the photovoltaic generation system which can suppress degradation of solar cell characteristics due to PID while suppressing increase in manufacturing cost of the solar cell module is provided.

Abstract: A back contact type solar battery which provides a reduced electric power loss, free positioning of a bus bar, and a simple manufacturing process. The solar battery includes: semiconductor substrate; first conductivity type region formed on back surface side located on the opposite side of acceptance surface side of the semiconductor substrate; second conductivity type region formed on the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate; first conductivity type collecting electrode linearly formed on the first conductivity type region; and second conductivity type collecting electrode linearly formed on the second conductivity type region. The first and second conductivity type regions are alternately arranged. Each of the first and second conductivity type collecting electrodes has discontinuous places. The discontinuous places of each conductivity type are substantially aligned on straight line in arrangement direction in which the first and second conductivity type regions are alternately arranged.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for a solar cell, wherein a flat chamfered portion is formed on one corner of a silicon substrate having a square shape in a planar view, or a notch is formed on the corner or close to the corner. This invention makes it possible to easily check the position of the substrate and determine the direction of the substrate in a solar cell manufacturing step, and suppresses failures generated due to the direction of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a switch that can be downsized. A switch is provided with a plunger, two upper torsion springs that bias the plunger in a returning direction, housing-side contacts, and plunger-side contacts. One of the upper torsion springs is arranged on one side of a plane that includes an axis passing through a central portion of the plunger, and that is perpendicular to perpendicular lines M connecting the plunger-side contacts and the axis, and the other one of the upper torsion springs is arranged on the other side of the plane.

Abstract: Solar cell including: a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having a region of the first conductivity type and region of a second conductivity type on the back side; a first finger electrode composed of a first contact portion and first current collector, a second finger electrode composed of a second contact portion and second current collector, a first bus bar electrode, a second bus bar electrode on the backside; an insulator film disposed at least in the area just under the first bus bar electrode and second bus bar electrode; wherein the electrical contact between the first current collector and first bus bar electrode as well as electrical contact between the second current collector and the second bus bar electrode are made on the insulator film; and first contact portion and the second contact portion are in a continuous line shape at least just under the insulator film.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus of an embodiment includes a focusing indicator projector, a fundus imaging unit, a driver, and a focusing controller. The focusing indicator projector is configured to irradiate light fluxes for projecting a pair of focusing indicators onto a fundus of an eye. The fundus imaging unit is configured to capture an image of the fundus. The driver is configured to move an optical system including the focusing indicator projector, the fundus imaging unit, and a focusing lens. The focusing controller is configured to move the focusing lens based on projection images of the focusing indicators captured by the fundus imaging unit, wherein the projection images are captured along with movement of the optical system by the driver.

Abstract: A refill container includes one sheet of lamination body having a base material and a sealant layer and a pouring nozzle seal portion, where the lamination body is folded such that the sealant layer is arranged inward, a peripheral portion of the surface lamination body and the rear surface lamination body is sealed, the bend portion together with the surface lamination body, the rear surface lamination body, and the pouring nozzle seal portion forms a pouring nozzle which pours a content, a tip of the pouring nozzle is sealed by a pouring-nozzle tip seal portion, the pouring-nozzle tip seal portion is detached along an opening line to form a pouring opening, an easily cutting processing which forms a plurality of half-cutting lines parallel to the opening line is performed, and the plurality of half-cutting lines is broken at a ridge line of the bend portion.

Abstract: A method for screen printing, including: by using a screen printing apparatus provided with a screen printing plate having an opening part corresponding to a printing pattern, a scraper, and a squeegee, filling a paste supplied on an upper surface of the screen printing plate into the opening part of the screen printing plate by the scraper; and, after that, pushing out the paste to a predetermined position of an object to be printed from the opening part of the screen printing plate by the squeegee to screen-print the paste corresponding to the printing pattern on the object to be printed, wherein the humidity in the screen printing apparatus is adjusted during the screen printing. As a result, by controlling an amount of moisture in the paste on the screen printing plate, a screen printing method is capable of improving the printing property of the paste.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided with: a semiconductor substrate having a light-receiving surface and a non-light-receiving surface; a PN junction section formed on the semiconductor substrate; a passivation layer formed on the light-receiving surface and/or the non-light-receiving surface; and power extraction electrodes formed on the light-receiving surface and the non-light-receiving surface. The solar cell is characterized in that the passivation layer includes an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 40 nm or less. As a result of forming a aluminum oxide film having a predetermined thickness on the surface of the substrate, it is possible to achieve excellent passivation performance and excellent electrical contact between silicon and the electrode by merely firing the conductive paste, which is conventional technology. Furthermore, an annealing step, which has been necessary to achieve the passivation effects of the aluminum oxide film in the past, can be eliminated, thus dramatically reducing costs.

Abstract: Provided is a switch with excellent operability. A switch is provided with a plunger, a lower torsion spring in which a biasing direction changes according to the movement of the plunger. The lower torsion spring biases the plunger in a returning direction when the plunger is in a reference position, and biases the plunger in a direction different from the returning direction when the plunger is in an operation position.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell that includes: a semiconductor substrate on which at least pn junctions are formed; a multiplicity of finger electrodes that are formed in a comb-like shape on at least one surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a plurality of bus bar electrodes that are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the lengthwise direction of the finger electrodes and are connected with the finger electrodes. This solar cell is configured so that the finger electrodes connected with one of the bus bar electrodes are separated from the finger electrodes connected with another bus bar electrode that is arranged so as to be parallel to this one of the bus bar electrodes, and ends in the lengthwise direction of adjacent two or more of the finger electrodes connected with each bus bar electrode are electrically connected with one another by auxiliary electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a construction machine capable of suppressing deformation of a boom in a simple configuration and at low costs. The construction machine includes a pair of backstops having respective hydraulic cylinders; a supply device which supplies the hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic fluid; a deformation sensing device which senses deformation of the boom; and a control device which controls the supply device so as to make a thrust of the hydraulic cylinder of one backstop having a larger pressing force, out of the pair of backstops, be larger than a thrust of the hydraulic cylinder of the other backstop, the pressing force being applied due to the deformation of the boom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a firing furnace for firing an electrode of a solar cell element, which is provided with: a transfer member, which transfers a substrate having a conductive paste applied thereto; a heating section, which heats the substrate and fires the conductive paste; and a cooling section, which cools the heated substrate. The furnace is also provided with a heating means for heating the transfer member. Specifically, at the time of firing the electrode paste using the wire-type firing furnace, since a wire is fired at a temperature substantially equivalent to the ambient temperature of the heating section, deterioration of yield due to having the electrode damaged by a deposited material of the metal component of the conductive paste is suppressed, said deposited material being deposited on the wire, and the wire-type firing furnace can be continuously used.

Abstract: Provided is a switch that can be downsized. A switch is provided with a plunger, and an upper torsion spring configured to bias the plunger in a returning direction. The torsion spring has a first arm that extends to the plunger and abuts against the plunger. The plunger has a hole at a position into which the first arm is inserted. The hole is a through hole extending in a direction that is perpendicular to a direction in which the plunger moves, and is the same as a direction in which the first arm extends when viewed in the direction in which the plunger moves.

Abstract: Provided is a switch that can reliably bring contacts into contact with each other with a small load, and can be prevented from malfunctioning. A switch is provided with a plunger, a lower torsion spring in which a biasing direction changes according to the movement of the plunger. The lower torsion spring biases the plunger in an opposite direction to a returning direction when the plunger is in the operation position, and biases the plunger in a direction different from the opposite direction to the returning direction when the plunger is in the reference position.

Abstract: A solar cell wherein: an emitter layer is formed on a light-receiving-surface side of a crystalline silicon substrate, with a dopant of the opposite conductivity type from the silicon substrate added to said emitter layer; a passivation film is formed on the surface of the silicon substrate; and an extraction electrode and a collector electrode are formed. Said extraction electrode extracts photogenerated charge from the silicon substrate, and said collector electrode contacts the extraction electrode at least partially and collects the charge collected at the extraction electrode. The extraction electrode contains a first electrode that consists of a sintered conductive paste containing a dopant that makes silicon conductive. Said first electrode, at least, is formed so as to pass through the abovementioned passivation layer. The collection electrode contains a second electrode that has a higher conductivity than the aforementioned first electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell, including the steps of: forming an SiNx film over a second principal surface of an n-type semiconductor substrate; forming a p-type diffusion layer over a first principal surface of the n-type semiconductor substrate after the SiNx film forming step; and forming an SiO2 film or an aluminum oxide film over the p-type diffusion layer.