Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member having drum shape, the electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a photosensitive layer, wherein an outer surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has wrinkles, and when an observation region having square form with one side of 100 ?m is placed at an arbitrary position on the outer surface, a line that passes through a central point of the observation region and is parallel to a circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is defined as a first reference line L1, and 3,599 reference lines obtained by rotating the first reference line L1 at every 0.1° around the central point are defined as L2 to L3,600, respectively, each of L1 to L3,600 intersects with convex portions of the wrinkles at a plurality of locations and has at least two different intersection angles selected from the plurality of locations.

Abstract: A light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface that are opposed to each other; a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in an array on the first surface side of the substrate; a partition wall formed above the plurality of light-emitting elements using a metal material and having an opening for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a wavelength conversion layer that is provided in the opening and converts a wavelength of light outputted from the plurality of light-emitting elements.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, the inkjet head includes an actuator and a driver. The actuator causes a pressure chamber to expand or contract. The driver applies an ejection pulse to the actuator to eject ink from the pressure chamber. The ejection pulse includes an expansion pulse having a width of 0.75 to 1.25 times a pressure propagation time of the pressure chamber, a rest period after the expansion pulse, and a contraction pulse after the rest period.

Abstract: A method of producing a nitride fluorescent material includes preparing a calcined product including a fluorescent material core, and a first film containing fluoride on a surface of the fluorescent material core, bringing the calcined product into contact with a solution containing a metal alkoxide containing an element M2 being at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, Sn, and Zn at a temperature equal to or lower than an ambient temperature and hydrolyzing and condensation-polymerizing the metal alkoxide to form a second film containing an oxide containing the element M2, and performing a heat-treatment at a temperature higher than 250° C. and equal to or lower than 500° C.

Abstract: A plate member joint structure formed in a tubular shape includes: a first plate member including a pair of flange portions and having a hat-shaped cross section; and a second plate member in contact with and joined to the pair of flange portions of the first plate member, wherein each of the pair of flange portions of the first plate member has a first surface in contact with the second plate member and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface of each of the flange portions is integrally provided with a reinforcing portion protruding opposite to the second plate member, and the reinforcing portion has a closed cross-sectional space. The closed cross-sectional space has a closed cross section when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction and a plate thickness direction of the flange portions.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that achieves satisfactory transferability. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a charge generating layer, a charge transporting layer, and a protection layer laminated on a support in the stated order, wherein the protection layer contains a binder resin and particles, and wherein when an average thickness of the protection layer in a site free of the particles is represented by T and a volume-average particle diameter of the particles is represented by Dm in a cross-section of the protection layer, the following formula (a) is satisfied.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a particle, the surface layer has a particle partially exposed from the surface layer among the particle contained in the surface layer, the particle has a volume average particle diameter of 50.0 nm or more and 350.0 nm or less; in a cross-section of the surface layer, the number of the particle partially exposed from the surface layer is 80% by number or more based on a total number of the particle contained in the surface layer; and a total volume of an exposed portion of the particle partially exposed from the surface layer is 30% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less based on an entire volume of the particle contained in the surface layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a catalyst or adsorbent carrier and a catalyst or adsorbent carrier which can enhance a catalyst or adsorbent function, and prevent fall-off of catalyst particles or adsorbent particles. The surface of a metal base material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is subjected to an etching process using an etchant containing iron chloride and an oxide to convert the surface to an uneven and rough surface. The uneven and rough surface of the metal base material is subjected to an anodizing process to form a porous coating along the uneven and rough surface. A large number of catalyst or adsorbent particles are thus carried on the surface of the metal base material on which the porous coating is formed along the uneven and rough surface.

Abstract: To provide a digitally controlled LDO regulator that can control an output voltage even during an auto-zero processing period. A digitally controlled low dropout regulator is provided that includes a plurality of AD converters and an impedance variable circuit, each of the plurality of AD converters including a comparator, in which a first signal from each of the plurality of AD converters is input to the impedance variable circuit; a second signal output from the impedance variable circuit is input to one of two terminals of each of the plurality of AD converters; when one of the plurality of AD converters is in operation, another of the plurality of AD converters performs auto-zero processing to set a voltage value used as a reference; and the comparator compares a voltage value of the second signal input to the one of the two terminals with the set voltage value.

Abstract: In order to provide a photoelectric conversion element having higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, in a photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a particle layer including particles that mainly contain a phthalocyanine compound is arranged between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode.

Abstract: A nitride phosphor having a composition containing Eu, Si, Al, N, and a group 2 element including at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. In the composition, a ratio of a total molar content of the group 2 element and Eu to a molar content of Al is 0.8 or more and 1.1 or less, a molar ratio of Eu is 0.002 or more and 0.08 or less, a molar ratio of Si is 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, and a total molar ratio of Si and Al is 1.8 or more and 2.2 or less. The nitride phosphor has a first peak in a range of 17° 2? or more and 19° 2? or less and a second peak in a range of 34° 2? or more and 35.5° 2? or less in a CuK? powder X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion member includes a support and a wavelength conversion layer including a first phosphor having a composition represented by Formula (1) and having an emission peak wavelength in a range from 550 nm to 620 nm, and a second phosphor having a different emission peak wavelength and/or a full width at half maximum from the first phosphor. An amount of the first phosphor in the wavelength conversion layer is in a range from 20 mass % to 80 mass % relative to a total amount of the phosphors In Formula (1), M1 represents at least one of rare earth elements other than La and Ce, a total molar content percentage of Y, Gd, and Lu in M1 is 90% or more, and p, q, r, and s satisfy 2.7?(p+q+r)?3.3, 0?r?1.2, 10?s?12, and 0<q?1.2.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a catalyst or adsorbent carrier and a catalyst or adsorbent carrier which can enhance a catalyst or adsorbent function, and prevent fall-off of catalyst particles or adsorbent particles. The surface of a metal base material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is subjected to an etching process using an etchant containing iron chloride and an oxide to convert the surface to an uneven and rough surface. The uneven and rough surface of the metal base material is subjected to an anodizing process to form a porous coating along the uneven and rough surface. A large number of catalyst or adsorbent particles are thus carried on the surface of the metal base material on which the porous coating is formed along the uneven and rough surface.

Abstract: This heat exchanger is provided with an inner tube 2, a first flow passage 3 formed inside the inner tube 2, an outer tube 4 disposed coaxially with the inner tube 2 on the radially outer side thereof, a second flow passage 5 formed between the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 4, annular separating walls P1 to P4 which divide the second flow passage 5 into a plurality of spaces S1 to S5 in the axial direction of the outer tube 4, and space outlets E formed in one location in the circumferential direction of each separating wall P1 to P4, wherein the spaces S1 to S5 are configured to cause a second fluid to swirl about second axes Y perpendicular to a first axis X positioned at the center of the outer tube 4.

Abstract: Provided is a low voltage and compact digital control regulator that achieves enhanced stability and reduced variations in ripple voltage and droop characteristics. The digital control regulator includes a first A/D converter configured to generate a first digital signal according to a differential voltage between an output voltage and a first reference voltage, an output stage circuit configured to generate the output voltage, a replica circuit having the same circuit configuration as the output stage circuit and configured to output a replica voltage related to the output voltage, a second A/D converter configured to generate a second digital signal according to a differential voltage between the replica voltage and a second reference voltage, and a control circuit configured to generate a control signal for controlling a gain of the output stage circuit, according to the first digital signal and the second digital signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for controlling body bias thereof capable of properly controlling body bias of a transistor even in a case where process variation occurs are provided. Operation speeds of ring oscillators ROSCn and ROSCp respectively change due to an influence of process variation at an NMOS transistor MN side and a PMOS transistor MP side. Speed/bias data represent a correspondence relationship between the operation speeds of the ring oscillators ROSCn and ROSCp and set values V1n and V1p of body biases VBN and VBP. A body bias controller receives speed values Sn and Sp measured for the ring oscillators ROSCn and ROSCp to which the body biases VBN and VBP based on default values are respectively applied, and obtains the set values V1n and V1p on the basis of the speed/bias data.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a discharge of a battery pack that supplies power to a portable electronic device. The battery pack has one or more cell blocks each having a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel. The method includes the following steps. Determining, for each of the one or more cell blocks, a value of a first supply current flowing through a first battery cell that has the smallest capacity among the plurality of battery cells. Comparing, for each of the one or more cell blocks, the value of the first supply current with a first overcurrent value of the first battery cell to detect overcurrent in the first battery cell. Generating, in response to detecting the overcurrent in the first battery cell of any of the one or more cell blocks, a first overcurrent signal to reduce the power supplied to the portable electronic device.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member including: forming a photosensitive layer; and forming a protective layer, wherein the step of forming the photosensitive layer forms a photosensitive layer having an amount of residual solvent of a first solvent in the photosensitive layer of 0.05% to 2.50% and an amount of residual solvent of a second solvent in the photosensitive layer of 0.50% to 2.50%, and the step of forming the protective layer includes step (A) of forming a cured film and step (B) of forming the protective layer having wrinkle shapes, wherein, in step (A), the irradiated coating film is heated at a heating temperature lower than a boiling point of the first solvent and in step (B), the cured film is heated at a heating temperature higher than a boiling point of the first solvent.

Abstract: A powder metal material in order to be used in additive manufacturing, in which the powder metal material is an aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy contains at least one metal atom having a smaller atomic radius than that of aluminum and having a higher electron density than that of aluminum.

Abstract: A powder metal material in order to being used in additive manufacturing, in which the powder metal material is an aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, and P, and the additive manufacturing is additive manufacturing using a 3D printer.