Abstract: Provided is a PLL oscillation circuit that can reduce the variability of modulation sensitivity of a VCO 101 and obtain a desired output amplitude quickly with high precision. An amplitude detector 103 detects an output amplitude of the VCO 101. An amplitude controller 105 controls a current value of a variable current source 109 so as to have an output amplitude of the VCO 101 detected by the amplitude detector 103 to be a desired amplitude. A LPF 108 is connected between the amplitude controller 105 and the variable current source 109. A switch 107 connects or disconnects the LPF 108 between the amplitude controller 105 and the variable current source 109. The amplitude controller 105 is connected to the variable current source 109 through either the LPF 108 or the switching switch 107.

Abstract: Three bypass diodes (50) each comprised of a principal body (51) with a rectifying function and a connecting piece extending from the principal body is bridged between corresponding two terminal plates (30A, 30B). The principal body (51) is supported by one terminal plate (30A, 30B), whereas the leading end of a connecting pin (52) is connected with the other terminal plate (30A, 30B). One of the bypass diode (50) has a polarity opposite to that of the remaining ones, and one of the terminal plates (30A, 30B) serves as an auxiliary intermediate terminal neither supporting the principal body (51) of the bypass diode (50) nor connected with a cable (90). Since both cable connecting terminals support the principal bodies (51) of the bypass diodes (50), heat generated by the principal bodies (51) can be efficiently radiated from the cable connecting terminals (30A) to the cables (90).

Abstract: A plurality of terminal boards (30A, 30B) for electrically interconnecting a plus electrode and a minus electrode of a solar cell module and cables (90) for external connection corresponding to the both electrodes are placed on a base plate (11), and two corresponding terminal boards (30A, 30B) are bridged by a bypass diode (50). The respective terminal boards (30A, 30B) juxtaposed on the top surface of the base plate (11) are collectively supported and fixed by a retaining plate (60). Accordingly, the generation of an undue strain in the bypass diode (50) can be avoided even in the case of fixing the terminal boards (30A, 30B) to the base plate (11) with the terminal boards (30A, 30B) bridged by the bypass diode (50) beforehand.

Abstract: A multimode-based phase modulating apparatus capable of reducing the degradation of modulation precision and suppressing the unnecessary power consumption. This apparatus has a switch for switching the modulation modes of a PLL circuit between a single-point modulation and a double-point modulation. In a case of a narrow modulation bandwidth, the switch is turned off to cease a second digital baseband signal, thereby causing the PLL circuit to perform the single-point modulation in which only a first digital baseband signal from a frequency division rate generating part is used for the modulation. Contrarily, in a case of a wide modulation bandwidth, the switch is turned on, thereby performing the double-point modulation using both the first digital baseband signal and the second digital baseband signal.

Abstract: A multi-functional copying machine according to the invention has a scanner for reading the image of a document and image information appended to the document and a printer for forming the image on a medium. It compares the image read by the scanner and the image information, determines according to the extent of alteration of the image whether or not reproduction of the image of the document as it is can be permitted and, if permitted, produces a copy from the reproduced image of the document. If reproduction is forbidden of the image of the document as it is, whether or not to permit restoration of the scanner-read image according to the image information is determined and, if permitted, a copy is produced from the restored image. This makes it possible to keep track of any alteration in a copyrighted image by quick processing, prevent altered copyrighted images from circulation, and protect copyrighted images appropriately.

Abstract: Terminal plates (30) are juxtaposed on a base plate (11) for electrically connecting positive and negative electrodes of a solar battery module (90) to cables (80) for external connection. A rectifying device (50) spans between adjacent terminal plates (30). Each rectifying device (50) has a bypass diode (52) and a metal clip (53) resiliently holds the bypass diode (52). A heat discharging sheet (40) is attached to the lower surface of the clip (53) for discharging heat generated by the bypass diode (52). Heat discharged from a heat discharging surface (40A) of the heat discharging sheet (40) is received by a heat receiving surface (90A) of the solar battery module (90) via a through hole (11B) formed in the base plate (11) and is discharged efficiently from the solar battery module (90).

Abstract: A terminal box for a solar battery module is provided with a plurality of terminal plates (30) juxtaposed on a base plate (11) and connectable with positive and negative electrodes of the solar battery module, cables for external connection connectable with the terminal plates (30), and rectifying-device units (50) each of which spans between two corresponding terminal plates (30). Each rectifying-device unit (50) includes a bypass diode (52) connectable with the two corresponding terminal plates (30) to prevent an inverse current, and a metal-made clip (53) for resiliently holding the bypass diode (52). The clip (53) is held in contact with a heat discharging plate (55) of the bypass diode (52) to discharge heat generated by the bypass diode (52).

Abstract: A two-point frequency modulation apparatus is provided that reduces input timing difference and improves modulation accuracy. Two-point frequency modulation apparatus 10 has: PLL circuit 11; frequency division ratio generator 13 that generates the frequency division ratio in frequency divider 111 based on first digital baseband signal S1 and carrier signal; adder 114 that adds second digital baseband signal S2 to the output signal of loop filter 113; a delay index calculator (filter coefficient calculator 17) that calculates the delay index based on the magnitude of change in the amplitude of the output signal of adder 114; and a delay adjuster (digital filter 18) that shifts the phase of one of first digital baseband signal S1 and second digital baseband signal S2 according to the delay index so as to reduce the phase difference.

Abstract: A broadband modulation PLL includes a PLL portion containing a voltage controlled oscillator (101), a frequency divider (105), a phase comparator (104) and a loop filter (103). A frequency-dividing ratio of the frequency divider (105) is controlled to apply modulation, and also an input voltage of the voltage controlled oscillator (101) is controlled to apply modulation. One of phase modulation data for controlling the frequency dividing ratio and phase modulation data for input voltage of the voltage controlled oscillator (101) is inverted in phase by using an inverter (113), and the delay control circuit (110) detects a timing error on the basis of a signal (133) achieved by adding the output signals (131) and (132) of the filter (106) and the loop filter (103), and the timing is controlled by the delay circuits (111) and (112) to correct, the timing error.

Abstract: In order to facilitate an input of a process condition for allowing any of a plurality of image forming apparatuses to form an image, a PC communicative to a plurality of MFPs connected via a network obtains function information defining a function held by each of a plurality of MFPs, displays a common condition setting window for accepting an input of a process condition for performing a common function held by all of a plurality of image forming apparatuses, based on the obtained function information, accepts an input of a process condition, and outputs the accepted process condition to any one of a plurality of MFPs.

Abstract: A multimode-based phase modulating apparatus capable of reducing the degradation of modulation precision and suppressing the unnecessary power consumption. The phase modulating apparatus has a switch (9) for switching the modulation modes of a PLL circuit (15) between a single-point modulation and a double-point modulation. In a case of a narrow modulation bandwidth such as in a GSM mode, the switch (9) is turned off to cease a second digital baseband signal (S2), thereby causing the PLL circuit (15) to perform the single-point modulation in which only a first digital baseband signal (S1) from a frequency division rate generating part (10) is used for the modulation. Contrarily, in a case of a wide modulation bandwidth such as in a UMTS mode, the switch (9) is turned on, thereby performing the double-point modulation using both the first digital baseband signal (S1) and the second digital baseband signal (S2).

Abstract: A two-point modulation type phase apparatus and a wireless communication apparatus capable of achieving a reduction in circuit scale and low power consumption while maintaining modulation precision.

Abstract: A vehicle management system is disclosed that can eliminate user dissatisfaction with toll collection at a time of traffic congestion and improve driving safety. In this system, when a vehicle (101) with an on-board communication terminal apparatus (102) passes through gates (103, 106) provided at the entrance and exit of a toll road and gates (104, 105) provided at the entrance and exit of a service area (parking area), the times of passage of the vehicle (101) through the gates are detected by detection apparatuses (107 through 110) installed at the gates, and a central control apparatus (111) calculates a toll according to the time during which the toll road is used excluding time spent at the service area, and the distance traveled on the toll road, based on the times of passage through the gates.

Abstract: A multi-functional copying machine according to the invention has a scanner for reading the image of a document and image information appended to the document and a printer for forming the image on a medium. It compares the image read by the scanner and the image information, determines according to the extent of alteration of the image whether or not reproduction of the image of the document as it is can be permitted and, if permitted, produces a copy from the reproduced image of the document. If reproduction is forbidden of the image of the document as it is, whether or not to permit restoration of the scanner-read image according to the image information is determined and, if permitted, a copy is produced from the restored image. This makes it possible to keep track of any alteration in a copyrighted image by quick processing, prevent altered copyrighted images from circulation, and protect copyrighted images appropriately.

Abstract: A frequency modulation apparatus 100 has a synthesizer 101, a differentiator 102 that differentiates phase modulation data and generates differential phase modulation data, an adder 103 that adds together that differential phase modulation data and carrier frequency data fractional part K and generates addition fractional part K1, an input data operation section 104 that receives addition fractional part K1 and carrier frequency data integer part M, generates integer part input data M1 and fractional part input data K2, and provides fractional part input data K2 to synthesizer 101, and an integer part data delay section 105 that delays integer part input data M1 before providing it to synthesizer 101. Input data operation section 104 makes M1=M?1 and K2=K1+1 when K1<0, makes M1=M and K2=K1 when 0?K1<1, and makes M1=M+1 and K2=K1?1 when 1?K1.

Abstract: A carrier for an image developer for electrophotography, including core particles, and a coating layer covering each of the core particles, wherein the core particles have a weight average particle diameter of Dv which is 25–45 ?m and a number average particle diameter of Dp which meets with the following condition: 1?Dv/Dp?1.3, wherein the core particles have such a particle size distribution that particles having a particle diameter of less than 44 ?m is at least 70% by weight and particles having a particle diameter of less than 22 ?m is not more than 7% by weight.

Abstract: An amplitude information extraction apparatus capable of reducing an amplitude error with a smaller circuit scale than theoretical operation circuits. In this apparatus, amplitude information extraction apparatus (110) acquires amplitude information (amplitude value Z?) to be corrected from an I component and Q component of a transmission signal. Phase information extraction apparatus (111) acquires phase information from an I component and Q component of the transmission signal. Amplitude information extraction apparatus (110) then acquires amplitude value Z by correcting the acquired amplitude information (amplitude value Z?) based on the phase information acquired by phase information extraction apparatus (111).

Abstract: A carrier for an image developer for electrophotography, including core particles, and a coating layer covering each of the core particles, wherein the core particles have a weight average particle diameter of Dv which is 25–45 ?m and a number average particle diameter of Dp which meets with the following condition: 1?Dv/Dp?1.3, wherein the core particles have such a particle size distribution that particles having a particle diameter of less than 44 ?m is at least 70% by weight and particles having a particle diameter of less than 22 ?m is not more than 7% by weight.

Abstract: An image copying device and an image copying system are arranged to read an image of a document and to acquire copyright information on each area regarding the image of the document from an IC chip embedded in the document. Then, based on the read image data and the acquired copyright information, a selection screen is displayed on a manipulation/display panel. Copyright information on each area of the image of the document is schematically represented on the selection screen. Whether or not copying is performed is selected area by area by manipulation by a user on this screen. For areas for which “copying” is selected is copied, but areas for which “nocopying” has been selected is not copied. Further, a copyright fee pertaining to the copied areas is collected. Thus, the image copying device and an image copying system enable the user to select appropriate processing according to differences in copyright information from one area to another of the image and cause images to be formed.

Abstract: A carrier for an image developer for electrophotography, including core particles, and a coating layer covering each of the core particles, wherein the core particles have a weight average particle diameter of Dv which is 25-45 ?m and a number average particle diameter of Dp which meets with the following condition: 1?Dv/Dp?1.3, wherein the core particles have such a particle size distribution that particles having a particle diameter of less than 44 ?m is at least 70% by weight and particles having a particle diameter of less than 22 ?m is not more than 7% by weight.