Abstract: A spectroscope used for a microspectroscopic system includes: a collimating optical system that causes signal light to be substantially collimated light; spectroscopic optical systems and each of which includes at least one of each of spectral elements and in which a wavelength band for spectral separation varies depending on an incident angle of the signal light; at least one of each of optical receivers that detect the signal light spectrally separated by the spectroscopic optical systems; a mechanism that varies the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements; and a controller unit that determines the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements in accordance with the wavelength band for spectrally separating the signal light and controls the mechanism so as to attain the incident angles.

Abstract: A protein-immobilizing solid phase is a protein-immobilizing solid phase comprising an mRNA-nucleic acid linker-protein complex, obtained by linking the mRNA and the protein encoded by that mRNA through the nucleic acid linker, immobilized on the solid phase, wherein the nucleic acid linker has a photocleavage site and a solid phase binding site.

Abstract: Polarized light which is emitted from an optical fiber becomes circular polarized light by passing through a first quarter wave plate. The circular polarized light which has entered a second quarter wave plate is converted into nearly linear polarized light which has S polarization. P polarization components are removed from the nearly linear polarized light by a polarizer, but the polarizer is not always necessary. The optical axis of the polarizer is set to be a direction which allows transmitting of S polarized light. The light that has passed through the polarizer is separated into diffracted lights by a diffraction grating, and is used as the structured illumination light.

Abstract: A spectroscope used for a microspectroscopic system includes: a collimating optical system that causes signal light to be substantially collimated light; spectroscopic optical systems and each of which includes at least one of each of spectral elements and in which a wavelength band for spectral separation varies depending on an incident angle of the signal light; at least one of each of optical receivers that detect the signal light spectrally separated by the spectroscopic optical systems; a mechanism that varies the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements; and a controller unit that determines the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements in accordance with the wavelength band for spectrally separating the signal light and controls the mechanism so as to attain the incident angles.

Abstract: A spectroscope including: a spectral element that is configured to spectrally separate signal light; a first optical system that is configured to condense spectroscopic light spectrally separated by the spectral element; and an optical receiver that is configured to receive the spectroscopic light; wherein the optical receiver includes a plurality of regions different sensitivities with respect to a wavelength characteristics of the spectroscopic light.

Abstract: Polarized light which is emitted from an optical fiber becomes circular polarized light bypassing through a first quarter wave plate. The circular polarized light which has entered a second quarter wave plate is converted into nearly linear polarized light which has S polarization. P polarization components are removed from the nearly linear polarized light by a polarizer, but the polarizer is not always necessary. The optical axis of the polarizer is set to be a direction which allows transmitting of S polarized light. The light that has passed through the polarizer is separated into diffracted lights by a diffraction grating, and is used as the structured illumination light.

Abstract: A structured illumination apparatus includes a light modulator being disposed in a light path of an exit light flux from a light source, and in which a sonic wave propagation path is arranged in a direction traversing the exit light flux; a driving unit generating a sonic standing wave in the sonic wave propagation path by giving a driving signal for vibrating a medium of the sonic wave propagation path to the light modulator; an illuminating optical system making at least three diffracted lights of the exit light flux passed through the sonic wave propagation path to be interfered with one another, and forming interference fringes of the diffracted lights on an observational object; and a controlling unit controlling a contrast of the interference fringes by modulating a phase of at least one diffracted light among the diffracted lights in a predetermined pitch.

Abstract: A spectroscope used for a microspectroscopic system includes: a collimating optical system that causes signal light to be substantially collimated light; spectroscopic optical systems and each of which includes at least one of each of spectral elements and in which a wavelength band for spectral separation varies depending on an incident angle of the signal light; at least one of each of optical receivers that detect the signal light spectrally separated by the spectroscopic optical systems; a mechanism that varies the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements; and a controller unit that determines the incident angles of the signal light on the spectral elements in accordance with the wavelength band for spectrally separating the signal light and controls the mechanism so as to attain the incident angles.

Abstract: A protein-immobilizing solid phase is a protein-immobilizing solid phase comprising an mRNA-nucleic acid linker-protein complex, obtained by linking the mRNA and the protein encoded by that mRNA through the nucleic acid linker, immobilized on the solid phase, wherein the nucleic acid linker has a photocleavage site and a solid phase binding site.

Abstract: A structured illumination apparatus includes a light modulator being disposed in a light path of an exit light flux from a light source, and in which a sonic wave propagation path is arranged in a direction traversing the exit light flux; a driving unit generating a sonic standing wave in the sonic wave propagation path by giving a driving signal for vibrating a medium of the sonic wave propagation path to the light modulator; an illuminating optical system making at least three diffracted lights of the exit light flux passed through the sonic wave propagation path to be interfered with one another, and forming interference fringes of the diffracted lights on an observational object; and a controlling unit controlling a contrast of the interference fringes by modulating a phase of at least one diffracted light among the diffracted lights in a predetermined pitch.

Abstract: In order to realize a high-speed switching of structured pattern, a structured illuminating microscopy includes a driving unit generating a sonic standing wave in a sonic wave propagation path by giving a driving signal for vibrating a medium of the sonic wave propagation path to a light modulator, an illuminating optical system making at least three diffracted components of the exit light flux passed through the sonic wave propagation path to be interfered with one another, and forming interference fringes on an observational object, an image-forming optical system forming an image by an observational light flux from the observational object on a detector, and a controlling unit controlling a contrast of an image by modulating at least one of an intensity of the exit light flux, an intensity of the observational light flux, and the detector with a modulating signal of 1/N frequency of the driving signal.

Abstract: The observing apparatus is being equipped with an image-forming optical system which forms an image of light emitted from a specimen, an imaging unit which picks up the image of the specimen formed by the image-forming optical system, and an illuminating unit which illuminates the specimen with a surface illuminant in which bright areas and dark areas are arranged alternately in order to provide an observing apparatus suitable to observe a transparent specimen with a wide field of view. If the position of the surface illuminant and the pitch of contrasting are set properly, each partial area of the specimen is illuminated obliquely at a small angle by each bright area of the surface illuminant. Therefore, the imaging unit can acquire a dark-field observation image of each partial area.

Abstract: More images than spatial modulation components of a lighting light are acquired, and a least square method is applied to the imaged plurality of images to obtain signal components. Accordingly, a ultra-resolution microscope which uses a spatially-modified lighting light to illuminate a sample, arithmetic-processes acquired images to thereby demodulate a given spatial modulation, and obtains a high-resolution sample image, wherein a high-resolution image reduced in noise components can be obtained.

Abstract: Polarized light which is emitted from an optical fiber becomes circular polarized light bypassing through a first quarter wave plate. The circular polarized light which has entered a second quarter wave plate is converted into nearly linear polarized light which has S polarization. P polarization components are removed from the nearly linear polarized light by a polarizer, but the polarizer is not always necessary. The optical axis of the polarizer is set to be a direction which allows transmitting of S polarized light. The light that has passed through the polarizer is separated into diffracted lights by a diffraction grating, and is used as the structured illumination light.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus can generate information of a super-resolved image at high speed. For that purpose, the microscope apparatus of the present invention is equipped with an image-forming optical system for forming an intermediate image of light emitted from a specimen, a relay optical system for forming an image of the intermediate image, an illuminating optical system that jointly owns an optical path of the image-forming optical system and illuminates the specimen through the optical path of the image-forming optical system, and a spatial modulator disposed on a formation plane of the intermediate image. In this microscope apparatus, the specimen is subjected to structured illumination by an image of the spatial modulator. Light from the specimen which is modulated by the structured illumination is automatically remodulated in the spatial modulator.

Abstract: A diffraction grating produces first diffraction light in a symmetrical direction with respect to the 0-th diffraction light and the optical axis. Each light flux forms two flux interference patterns on a sample surface through first and second objective lenses. A sample is illuminated by spatially modulated illumination light. Fluorescence is generated on the sample by structured illumination light as excitation light. The fluorescence caught by the first objective lens forms a modulated image of the sample on a sample conjugate surface through an objective optical system including the first and second objective lenses. The modulated image is further modulated through the diffractive grating. Fluorescence from the further modulated image passes through a lens and a dichroic mirror, enters into a single light path of an observation optical system, passes through a fluorescent filter, and forms an enlarged image of the further modulated image through a lens.

Abstract: A microscopic apparatus and an observing method can obtain information of a super-resolved image of an object under observation with a high SN ratio. Therefore, the microscopic apparatus including an illuminating optical system that illuminates a specimen plane of a sample with line-shaped illuminating light, a modulating unit that spatially modulates the illuminating light in a lengthwise direction, an image-forming optical system that forms an image of light from the specimen plane illuminated with the spatially modulated illuminating light, and a detector that detects light from the specimen plane. Accordingly, a confocal effect is obtained with respect to an unstructuring direction of an illuminated area. The essential contrast of the structured illumination of the illuminated area is enhanced by the confocal effect, and thus the modulated image of the illuminated area is detected with a high SN ratio.

Abstract: A microscope device including a coherent light source, an illuminating optical system which has light beam splitting means that splits the coherent light source into light beams and phase-modulating means disposed near a pupil conjugate plane and adapted for modulating the phases of two of the light beams and projects illuminating light spatially modulated into an interference fringe structure by causing the two light beams to interfere with each other near the plane of a sample, an imaging optical system for forming an image of the sample with diffracted light, imaging means, and image processing means for creating a sample image by computation of the image captured by the imaging means each time the phase of the spatial modulation is modulated.

Abstract: A microscope device including a coherent light source, an illuminating optical system which has light beam splitting means that splits the coherent light source into light beams and phase-modulating means disposed near a pupil conjugate plane and adapted for modulating the phases of two of the light beams and projects illuminating light spatially modulated into an interference fringe structure by causing the two light beams to interfere with each other near the plane of a sample, an imaging optical system for forming an image of the sample with diffracted light, imaging means, and image processing means for creating a sample image by computation of the image captured by the imaging means each time the phase of the spatial modulation is modulated.

Abstract: More images than spatial modulation components of a lighting light are acquired, and a least square method is applied to the imaged plurality of images to obtain signal components. Accordingly, a ultra-resolution microscope which uses a spatially-modified lighting light to illuminate a sample, arithmetic-processes acquired images to thereby demodulate a given spatial modulation, and obtains a high-resolution sample image, wherein a high-resolution image reduced in noise components can be obtained.