Abstract: The observing apparatus is being equipped with an image-forming optical system which forms an image of light emitted from a specimen, an imaging unit which picks up the image of the specimen formed by the image-forming optical system, and an illuminating unit which illuminates the specimen with a surface illuminant in which bright areas and dark areas are arranged alternately in order to provide an observing apparatus suitable to observe a transparent specimen with a wide field of view. If the position of the surface illuminant and the pitch of contrasting are set properly, each partial area of the specimen is illuminated obliquely at a small angle by each bright area of the surface illuminant. Therefore, the imaging unit can acquire a dark-field observation image of each partial area.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus can generate information of a super-resolved image at high speed. For that purpose, the microscope apparatus of the present invention is equipped with an image-forming optical system for forming an intermediate image of light emitted from a specimen, a relay optical system for forming an image of the intermediate image, an illuminating optical system that jointly owns an optical path of the image-forming optical system and illuminates the specimen through the optical path of the image-forming optical system, and a spatial modulator disposed on a formation plane of the intermediate image. In this microscope apparatus, the specimen is subjected to structured illumination by an image of the spatial modulator. Light from the specimen which is modulated by the structured illumination is automatically remodulated in the spatial modulator.

Abstract: A diffraction grating produces the first diffraction light in a symmetrical direction with respect to the 0-th diffraction light and the optical axis. Each light flux forms two flux interference patterns on a sample surface through a second objective lens and a first objective lens, and a sample is illuminated by spatially modulated illumination light. Fluorescence is generated on the sample by structured illumination light as excitation light. The fluorescence caught by the first objective lens forms a modulated image of the sample on a sample conjugate surface through an objective optical system comprised of the first objective lens and the second objective lens. The modulated image is further modulated through the diffractive grating. Fluorescence from the further modulated image passes through a lens and a dichroic mirror, enters into a single light path of an observation optical system, passes through a fluorescent filter, and forms an enlarged image of the further modulated image through a lens.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a microscopic apparatus and an observing method that can obtain information of a super-resolved image of an object under observation with a high SN ratio. Therefore, the microscopic apparatus of the present invention is characterized by including an illuminating optical system (1, 2, 3, 6, 7 to 13) that illuminates a specimen plane of a sample (14) with line-shaped illuminating light (E), a modulating unit (4) that spatially modulates the illuminating light (E) in a lengthwise direction, an image-forming optical system (13 to 6, 15) that forms an image of light from the specimen plane illuminated with the spatially modulated illuminating light, and a detector (16) that detects light from the specimen plane. Accordingly, a confocal effect is obtained with respect to an unstructuring direction (Da) of an illuminated area (E).

Abstract: A microscope apparatus is based on structured illumination that can obtain an excellent super-resolved image by using even an optical system in which distortion aberration remains. Therefore, the microscope apparatus includes an illuminating optical system for illuminating a sample with light from a light source, a modulating unit that is disposed in the illuminating optical system and spatially modulates the light from the light source, an image-forming optical system for forming an image of a modulated image from the sample illuminated with the spatially modulated light, an imaging unit for picking up the demodulated image, a correcting unit for correcting distortion of the modulated image due to at least one of the illuminating optical system and the image-forming optical system, and an image generating unit for generating an image of the sample from the modulated image corrected by the correcting unit.

Abstract: A spectroscope capable of suppressing the dimension and the cost with avoiding a problem caused by polarization dependency of the diffraction grating. The spectroscope includes a polarizing beam splitter plate 3 that divides the light from an input fiber 1 into a first and a second optical paths and polarizes each light of each optical path having different direction of polarization with each other, a Fresnel rhomb half wave plate 5 that arranges the direction of polarization of the light in the first optical path into that in the second optical path and a plane mirror 4 that deflects the second optical path such that at least a portion of an area where the light through the first optical path is incident on the diffraction grating 6 and an area where the light through the second optical path is incident on the diffraction grating overlap each other.

Abstract: A spectroscope capable of suppressing the dimension and the cost with avoiding a problem caused by polarization dependency of the diffraction grating. The spectroscope includes a polarizing beam splitter plate 3 that divides the light from an input fiber 1 into a first and a second optical paths and polarizes each light of each optical path having different direction of polarization with each other, a Fresnel rhomb half wave plate 5 that arranges the direction of polarization of the light in the first optical path into that in the second optical path and a plane mirror 4 that deflects the second optical path such that at least a portion of an area where the light through the first optical path is incident on the diffraction grating 6 and an area where the light through the second optical path is incident on the diffraction grating overlap each other.

Abstract: Two chimeric monoclonal antibodies are disclosed which recognize the human interlukin-2-receptor and are capable of inhibiting interlukin-2 dependent lymphocyte proliferation. The antibodies comprise the variable regions of monoclonal antibodies AHT-54 or AHT-107 linked to a human Fe region.