Abstract: An organic EL display device and method of forming and driving the same is matrix-driven by using a two-terminal nonlinear element. A display device having a substrate and first stripe electrodes, second stripe electrodes disposed crosswise to the first stripe electrodes, and a plurality of pixels disposed overlappingly between the first and second stripe electrodes on the substrate. Each pixel is provided with a switching element including a two-terminal nonlinear element connected electrically to the first stripe electrodes, a light-emitting portion connected electrically to the switching element and the second stripe electrodes, and a capacitor portion containing an organic dielectric material as a dielectric layer, connected electrically to the switching element and the second stripe electrodes in parallel with the light-emitting portion.

Abstract: A switching device in which an organic bistable material layer containing an organic bistable compound having two types of stable resistance against an applied voltage is provided between at least two electrodes. In the switching device, a first electrode layer, an electric charge injection suppressing layer, an organic bistable material layer and a second electrode layer are sequentially formed on a substrate as respective thin films, in which the electric charge injection suppressing layer contains an electrically conductive layer which allows an electric charge injection amount from the first electrode layer to the organic bistable material layer to be small compared with that in a case in which the electric charge is directly injected from the first electrode layer to the organic bistable material layer without providing the electric charge injection suppressing layer.

Abstract: A flexible capacitor easily produced at low temperature. The capacitor has a dielectric material layer and two electrodes sandwiching the layer. The dielectric material layer contains metal microparticles and/or an organic charge trapping material in an organic insulating material, and the metal microparticles, have an ionization potential and an electron affinity at an energy level between the ionization potential and the electron affinity of the organic insulating material. Once the metal microparticles are charged by applying a voltage, the charge is trapped in the metal microparticles, due to the metal microparticles' energy level relative to the organic insulating material. The trapped charge acts in the same manner as dielectric polarization in the dielectric material, so that extremely large dielectric constant can be obtained practically even when the organic insulating material has a small dielectric constant.

Abstract: An ink-jet ink is disclosed, comprising a water-soluble dye, a water-soluble organic solvent, water-dispersible polymer particles and a water-soluble resin, wherein the water-dispersible polymer particles have an average particle size 40 to 200 nm and a total content of the water-dispersible polymer particles and the water-soluble resin being 0.5% to 4.0% by weight of the ink and a ratio of a content of the water-soluble resin to that of the water-dispersible polymer particles being 0.1 to 1.0. An ink-jet recording method is also disclosed comprising ejecting the foregoing ink to allow the ink to deposit onto a porous type recording medium to form an image.

Abstract: A thin film field effect transistor is disclosed that includes a gate electrode, a gate insulator film the on gate electrode, and a first organic electronic material film containing a first organic electronic material on the gate insulator film. A source electrode and a drain electrode are spaced apart from each other on the first organic electronic material film. The first organic electronic material film includes a portion between the source electrode and the drain electrode that is in contact with the gate insulator film. This portion provides a current path. The current is controlled by the potential of the gate electrode. There is a second organic electronic material film that is in contact with the surface of first organic electronic material film opposite to the portion that provides the current path. The second organic electronic material film contains a second organic electronic material and an electron acceptor or an electron donor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a switching element in which an organic bistable material is disposed between two electrodes, this element having a high ratio of ON current to OFF current, a high threshold voltage, and a small spread. A switching element in which an organic bistable material layer comprising an organic bistable material having two stable values of resistance with respect to the applied voltage is disposed between at least two electrodes, wherein an organic material layer is provided between the organic bistable material layer and at least one of the electrodes. Electrically conductive fine particles are preferably dispersed in the organic materials layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a switching element in which the compositional deviation of material is suppressed and that attains uniform bistability performance and is suitable for mass production. In a switching element comprising an organic bistable material, which exhibits two stable states in resistance under applied voltage, arranged between at least two electrodes, the organic bistable material comprises at least a compound having an electron-donating functional group and an electron-accepting functional group in each molecule. It is preferred that, for example, an aminoimidazole type compound, a pyridone type compound, a stilbene type compound or a butadiene type compound be used as the above compound.

Abstract: In a process of manufacturing a semiconductor device, after a gate oxide film is formed, the thickness of the gate oxide film is measured by measuring an exposure period defined from a time at which the oxide film is formed to a time at which the thickness of the oxide film is measured. In addition, if necessary, the measurement of the oxide film is corrected to determine the real thickness based on the exposure period. Accordingly, the thickness of the gate oxide film can be measured accurately.

Abstract: An illumination unit 6 illuminates a scene object (i.e., mail) 2 moved in a predetermined direction by a transport means (transport conveyor) 1, the imaging distance up to the scene object 2 is detected before imaging, and auto-focusing is made according to distance data detected at the time of the imaging.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device with decreased voltage requirements comprises a substrate having a major surface, a first electrode over the major surface, a light-emitting film over the first electrode, and a second electrode over the light-emitting film. At least one insulating film is disposed in contact with a major surface of the light-emitting film, which insulating film has a columnar crystal structure oriented parallel to an electric field formed between the two electrodes.

Abstract: A method of making electroluminescence emitting films each containing sulfide such as Sr, Ca, etc. as a base material and a rare earth element such as Ce, Eu, Pr, etc. as an emitting center by sputtering method, so that the electroluminescence emitting film can produce with high luminance and with various emission light colors. In the method, an element such as Sr to be sulfidized for a base material is used as a target. A sputtering gas such as Argon to be supplied to a sputtering apparatus is mixed with an H.sub.2 S gas as a base material sulfur compound. A rare earth element compound such as tris-cyclopentadienyl-cerium for an emitting center is gasified by a gas generator while being heated under supply of a carrier gas such as Ar, so that the gasified rare earth element compound is added to the sputtering gas.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device with decreased voltage requirements comprises:(a) a substrate having a major surface;(b) a first electrode disposed over the major surface of the substrate;(c) a first insulating film disposed over the first electrode;(d) a light-emitting film disposed over the first insulating film;(e) a second insulating film disposed over the light-emitting film; and(f) a second electrode disposed over the second insulating film. The insulating films have a columnar structure oriented perpendicular to an electric field formed between the two electrodes, and either of the insulating films may be omitted.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for producing a magnetic recording medium by passing a magnetic coating material comprising a ferromagnetic powder and a binder resin through an ultrasonic treating device under the operating conditions of 10 to 200 kHz of frequency of oscillation and 10 to 100 .mu.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having thereon a plurality of layers, wherein an outermost layer is a magnetic layer having a thickness of less than 0.5 .mu.m, and layers other than the outermost layer contain two or more kinds of non-magnetic powder having different average particle sizes.The magnetic recording medium has high durability in running under high temperature and high humidity.

Abstract: A method of making electroluminescence emitting films each containing sulfide such as Sr, Ca, etc. as a base material and a rare earth element such as Ce, Eu, Pr, etc. as an emitting center by sputtering method, so that the electroluminescence emitting film can produce with high luminance and with various emission light colors. In the method, an element such as Sr to be sulfidized for a base material is used as a target. A sputtering gas such as Argon to be supplied to a sputtering apparatus is mixed with an H.sub.2 S gas as a base material sulfur compound. A rare earth element compound such as tris-cyclopentadienyl-cerium for an emitting center is gasified by a gas generator while being heated under supply of a carrier gas such as Ar, so that the gasified rare earth element compound is added to the sputtering gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are a magnetic recording medium which comprises a non-magnetic support, one or more coating layers provided on the non-magnetic support and an upper layer of the coating layers being a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic metallic powder with the total thickness of the coating layers being 0.5 to 2.5 .mu.m, wherein the magnetic layer has a surface roughness Ra of 1.0 to 4.6 nm and a surface roughness R10z of 8.0 to 35.0 nm, which satisfy the relations of:Ra.ltoreq.-0.47t+0.5/t+3.8 andR10z.ltoreq.-1.50t+6.0/t+23.0where t is the total thickness of the coating layers in terms of .mu.m,and an aliphatic acid ester is contained in the surface portion of the magnetic layer in an amount of 5 to 50 mg/m.sup.2, and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a magnetic recording medium which comprises a non-magnetic support, one or more coating layers provided on the non-magnetic support and an upper layer of the coating layers being a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic metallic powder with the total thickness of the coating layers being 0.5 to 2.5 .mu.m, wherein the magnetic layer has a surface roughness Ra of 1.0 to 4.6 nm and a surface roughness R10z of 8.0 to 35.0 nm, which satisfy the relations of:Ra.ltoreq.-0.47t+0.5/t+3.8 andR10z.ltoreq.-1.50t+6.0/t+23.0where t is the total thickness of the coating layers in terms of .mu.m,and an aliphatic acid ester is contained in the surface portion of the magnetic layer in an amount of 5 to 50 mg/m.sup.2, and a process for preparing the same.