Abstract: A bipolar transistor of the multi-emitter type which is provided with a large number of emitter diffusion layers formed in the two-dimensionally arranged state on a base diffusion layer of a substrate, a large number of emitter electrode films formed respectively correspondingly on the emitter diffusion layers, a base electrode film formed on the base diffusion layer, and a collector electrode film formed on the substrate, and the transistor is further provided with a wiring film commonly connected to the large number of emitter electrode films except at least one of the emitter electrode films.

Abstract: A crush sensor has a crush box and a pressure sensor. The crush box is disposed between a vehicle-door outer panel and a door inner member which make up a vehicle door, such that a pressure-receiving surface of the crush box, which has a predetermined area, is opposed to the vehicle-door outer panel, the crush box being formed in a semi-sealed state. The pressure sensor detects the internal pressure of the crush box and outputs an electrical signal proportional to a detected value. Since the pressure sensor is capable of obtaining data corresponding to the crushing speed and the amount of crush by detecting the internal pressure of the crush box, an effect equivalent to that obtained by detecting the crushing speed and the amount of crush can be obtained with a simple arrangement without directly detecting them.

Abstract: An accelerometer sensor is disclosed, utilizing a casing having a center axis, and a pressure sensitive element located at the bottom portion of the casing. A gel based medium is accommodated in the casing. Given that "x" denotes a positional deviation of the pressure sensitive element with respect to the center axis of the casing and that "h" denotes a height of the medium in the casing, the positional deviation (x) and the height (h) are set such that the value 2 x/h falls within a predetermined range and serves as a function of the anisotropic sensitivity ratio of the sensor.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to make it possible to directly monitor a temperature of a transistor chip. According to the present invention, p.sup.- region is formed on a substrate of a p.sup.+ layer by epitaxial growth. A first n-type diffusion layer which is a base region, and a second n-type diffusion layer which forms a temperature detecting element are formed in the p.sup.- region. A first p.sup.+ diffusion layer which is an emitter region is formed in the first n-type diffusion layer, while a second p.sup.+ diffusion layer which forms the temperature detecting element is formed in the second n-type diffusion layer. The temperature detecting element is operated in the active region, so that a characteristic free from variations in collector potential is obtained for the base-emitter potential difference of the temperature detecting element and the temperature of the junction thereof.

Abstract: An improved solder-bonding structure is disclosed that is particularly suitable for soldering the components of hybrid ICs. The solder-bonding structure includes a conductor formed on a substrate. The conductor is formed from silver and platinum. A solder layer formed from a tin and silver solder is then formed on the conductor to couple an electronic element to the conductor. In preferred aspects of the invention, the platinum content in the conductor is in the range of approximately 0.7 to 1.0% by weight. The silver content in the solder layer is in the range of approximately 0.1 to 5.0% by weight.

Abstract: A semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate is used in which the crystallographic axes are inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to a normal to a thicknesswise face of the semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate. A conductive-type epitaxial layer is grown on this semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate to a predetermined thickness such that the direction of the crystallographic axes of the conductive-type epitaxial layer coincides with the direction of the crystallographic axes of the semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate. Accordingly, since side surfaces of a cavity portion provided in the semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate by the etching of the substrate, i.e., side walls of the semiconductor silicon single-crystal substrate provided respectively in the longitudinal direction of a diaphragm, are each formed at an angle of 90.degree. with respect to the thicknesswise lower surface of the conductive-type epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A motor current detection circuit in which a level for detecting an overload state is varied when motor drive voltage varies so as to prevent erroneous detection due to variation in-motor current which occurs when the drive voltage varies.

Abstract: A motor drive circuit in which a first bipolar transistor is disposed between a ground terminal and one terminal of a motor, and a second bipolar transistor is disposed between the ground terminal and another terminal of the motor. Each of the transistors has a reverse breakdown voltage between an emitter and a collector which is greater than a voltage of a power source and has a reverse-direction h.sub.fe which is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. A resistor and a capacitor are disposed in parallel between respective bases of the first and second bipolar transistors and a ground terminal. Potential drawbacks can be prevented even when voltage of reverse polarity is supplied.

Abstract: A current detecting circuit for detecting excess current. The current detecting circuit has a circuit which corresponds a reference value for detection with application of power to a load and temporarily makes the reference value for detection high. Faulty detection of rush current can be prevented without providing a timer circuit.

Abstract: A suction-type metering robot hand comprising (a) a hollow suction pad having a gas-permeable obstacle at an opening of the suction pad; and (b) a main body of the robot hand supporting the suction pad and having a vacuum passage communicating with the suction pad. According to the robot hand of the present invention, the provision of the net on the opening of the suction pad makes it possible to suck fragile articles such as a fried cutlet, roasted bean curd, a piece of bread and the like to a desired place.

Abstract: An improved solder-bonding structure is disclosed that is particularly suitable for soldering the components of hybrid ICs. The solder-bonding structure includes a conductor formed on a substrate. The conductor is formed from silver and platinum. A solder layer formed from a tin and silver solder is then formed on the conductor to couple an electronic element to the conductor. In preferred aspects of the invention, the platinum content in the conductor is in the range of approximately 0.7 to 1.0% by weight. The silver content in the solder layer is in the range of approximately 0.1 to 5.0% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotation sensor which detects the magnetic field which changes with the rotation of a rotary shaft, thereby to detect the amount of rotation of the rotary shaft. The rotation sensor of the present invention has the boundaries between magnetized regions set with high precision. The boundaries forms magnetic fields stably, whereby the detection of rotation is performed with high accuracy.

Abstract: A preloader for use in a webbing retractor for retracting an occupant-restraining webbing forcibly onto a takeup shaft at the time of a sudden deceleration of a vehicle. The preloader includes a angular shaft rotating integrally with the takeup shaft; a deformable member disposed around the angular column shaft; and a wire connected to the deformable member and wound therearound. The wire is tightly wound around the deformable member at the time of a sudden deceleration of the vehicle, thereby causing the deformable member to undergo deformation and engage with the angular shaft. The angular shaft is hence rotated integrally with the deformable member so as to positively rotate the takeup shaft in a taking-up direction.

Abstract: A bipolar transistor of the multi-emitter type which is provided with a large number of emitter diffusion layers formed in the two-dimensionally arranged state on a base diffusion layer of a substrate, a large number of emitter electrode films formed respectively correspondingly on the emitter diffusion layers, a base electrode film formed on the base diffusion layer, and a collector electrode film formed on the substrate, and the transistor is further provided with a wiring film commonly connected to the large number of emitter electrode films except at least one of the emitter electrode films.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotation sensor which detects the magnetic field which changes with the rotation of a rotary shaft, thereby to detect the amount of rotation of the rotary shaft. The rotation sensor of the present invention has the boundaries between magnetized regions set with high precision. The boundaries forms magnetic fields stably, whereby the detection of rotation is performed with high accuracy.

Abstract: A floating magnetic head comprises a pair of magnetic core pieces which face each other through a gap and a metal magnetic film formed on the surface facing the gap of one of the pair of magnetic core pieces. The pair of magnetic core pieces are made of a single crystal Mn-Zn ferrite, a plane of the magnetic core pieces being formed almost in parallel with the surface forming a main magnetic path, and a <100> direction in the plane being formed to meet a relation of an angle .theta. to be 26.degree.<.theta..ltoreq.45.degree. between the <100> direction and the surface facing the gap.

Abstract: In an electric control apparatus for a four-wheel steering system including an electric motor the rotary angle of which is electrically controlled in accordance with a target steering angle of rear road wheels, and a hydro-mechanical tracer mechanism having a fluid control valve the valve element of which is drivingly connected to the electric motor to be displaced in proportion to the rotary angle of the electric motor, the tracer mechanism being arranged to steer the rear road wheels in proportion to a displacement amount of the valve element, the target steering angle is converted into a control value for rotation of the electric motor, and a drive signal indicative of the control value is applied to the electric motor.

Abstract: An electric control apparatus for a four-wheel steering system is designed to calculate a rear wheel steering angle on a basis of a control rule corresponding with a steering mode selected from a plurality of rear wheel steering modes thereby to steer a set of dirigible rear road wheels at the calculated steering angle. The electric control apparatus is further designed to calculate a difference between new and old steering angles calculated when the selected steering mode has been changed to another one of the steering modes and immediately after change of the selected steering mode, to gradually decreasing an absolute value of the calculated difference at a predetermined time interval, to correct the new steering angle in accordance with the absolute value of the calculated difference until the absolute value becomes zero after change of the selected steering mode and to control an actual steering angle of the rear road wheels in accordance with the corrected new steering angle.

Abstract: A packing device for articles having directionality that includes imaging means for taking an image of the articles, means for recognizing the direction of the articles, first memory means for storing the direction of the articles, second memory means for storing the direction of the articles to be packed into a container, and means for calculating the difference in angle between the directions stored in the first and second memory means. The direction of the robot hand for grasping the articles is controlled by the output of the calculating means.

Abstract: A motor drive circuit comprises a motor, a DC source connected to said motor, first and second switching elements turned on and off to control a current flowing to the motor having one terminal connected to a common connecting point of the first and second switching elements, and when the current flowing to the motor is stopped by the first switching element, the second switching elements is turned on to break the motor, a reverse current bypassing circuit connected to at least one of said first switching element and said second switching element for bypassing a reverse current supplied by the DC source, a reverse current blocking circuit connected to said second switching element for blocking the reverse current and a surge absorbing circuit connected to at least one of the first switching element, the second switching element and a series circuit of the second switching element and the reverse current blocking circuit for absorbing a surge generated when the first switching element is turned off in response