Abstract: The invention relates to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate [BaTiO3] and barium titanate solid solutions [(BaxM1−x)(TiyN1−y)O3]. This invention is directed to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions showing the primary and secondary abnormal grain growths with increasing temperature higher than the liquid formation temperature, characterized by comprising the step for a few secondary abnormal grains to continue to grow at a temperature slightly below the critical temperature where the secondary abnormal grain growth starts to occur. The method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions according to this invention has the advantage of providing an effective low cost in manufacturing process for single crystals by using a conventional heat-treatment process without the need of special equipment.

Abstract: A communication node system for an Ethernet-PON includes: an LLID register for storing an LLID being an allocated identifier; a preamble generator for generating a PON preamble; a CRC generator for generating a CRC for the preamble; a transmission connector for combining transport data with the CRC-including preamble to generate a transport frame, and forwarding the transport frame; a reception connector for receiving the frame and dividing the frame into a preamble and received data; a filter for extracting an LLID from the preamble, comparing the extracted LLID with the LLID stored in the register, and selectively filtering the extracted LLID; and a received frame generator for discarding the received data, or combining the received data with the preamble to generate a received frame.

Abstract: Provided is a communication apparatus in a PON bridge sublayer, which supports point-to-point communications between optical network units (ONU) in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). To support point-to-point communications between ONUs in the EPON, the communication apparatus in the PON bridge sublayer includes a second processing portion, a second input queue, a second lookup and learning portion, a second output queue, a first input queue, a first lookup and learning portion, a filtering database table a VLAN ID table, a table control portion, a first output queue, and a first processing portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of generating pointers for identifying structure boundaries of data for leased lines such as T1/E1 in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer Type 1 (AAL1) through an ATM layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an alumina-based ceramic includes sintering a powder compact of an iron-containing alumina powder in an atmosphere (N2, 95 N2-5 H2, H2) of a relatively low oxygen partial pressure, and annealing in an atmosphere (80 N2-20 O2, O2) higher in oxygen partial pressure than the sintering atmosphere to provide an alumina-based ceramic with a grain-boundary migration layer on a surface thereof. The resulting undulated grain boundaries on the surface layer suppress and deflect the crack propagation, thereby improving the short-crack toughness. The formation of a grain-boundary migration layer on the surface of an alumina-based ceramic brings about a great improvement in short-crack related properties, including durability and wear resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate [BaTiO3] and barium titanate solid solutions [(BaxM1-x)(TiyN1-y)O3]. This invention is directed to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions showing the primary and secondary abnormal grain growths with increasing temperature higher than the liquid formation temperature, characterized by comprising the step for a few secondary abnormal grains to continue to grow at a temperature slightly below the critical temperature where the secondary abnormal grain growth starts to occur. The method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions according to this invention has the advantage of providing an effective low cost in manufacturing process for single crystals by using a conventional heat-treatment process without the need of special equipment.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for managing a vast amount of file in a portable device. The file management apparatus of the portable device includes a disk engine which reads attribute information of a file recorded in a recording medium, an input unit which inputs a command for editing the stored attribute information, a controller which controls the portable device to record/reproduce the file corresponding to the read attribute information, and a display unit which displays the attribute information to allow an user to edit the attribute information. The attribute of the file recorded in the recording medium can be edited by an editing command, and each file is processed in accordance with the attribute information. Accordingly, the user can easily manage the vast amount of information.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate [BaTiO3] and barium titanate solid solutions [(BaxM1-x)(TiyN1-y)O3]. This invention is directed to a method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions showing the primary and secondary abnormal grain growths with increasing temperature higher than the liquid formation temperature, characterized by comprising the step for a few secondary abnormal grains to continue to grow at a temperature slightly below the critical temperature where the secondary abnormal grain growth starts to occur. The method for growing single crystals of barium titanate or barium titanate solid solutions according to this invention has an advantage to provide an effective low cost in manufacturing process for single crystals by using usual heat-treatment process without special equipments.

Abstract: A method for making a BaTiO3-based dielectric having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss wherein, a BaTiO3-based body is subjected to a pre-heat treatment in a hydrogen (H2) atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere containing mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen in a ratio of hydrogen:nitrogen=5 to 100%:0 to 95% prior to a sintering process in the manufacture of dielectrics, in order to obtain a reduced average grain size of BaTiO3. By virtue of the reducing average grain size of BaTiO3, a BaTiO3-based dielectric having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss is obtained.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a single crystal relaxor based material, including the following steps: providing a seed single crystal plate, providing a first and second polycrystalline structure, bonding the top surface of the seed crystal plate to the outer surface of the first polycrystalline structure, bonding the bottom surface of the seed crystal plate to the outer surface of the second polycrystalline structure, and annealing the bonded structure.

Abstract: A superimpose control device which enables a superimpose function even in a VTR mode, by using a phase convening circuit for synchronizing the phase of a sub-carrier signal with the color burst signal of an applied video signal.