Abstract: A liquid coating material and processes of its use are provided that includes an enzyme with enzymatic activity toward a component of a biological stain and a polymeric material. Also provided are processes for facilitating the removal of a biological stain wherein an inventive liquid coating material including an enzyme is capable of enzymatically degrading of one or more components of the biological stain to facilitate biological stain removal from a substrate or coating upon which the biological stain is contacting.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst that includes a transition metal tungstate having the formula: MWO4 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. The catalyst may be utilized in various environments including oxygen rich and oxygen deficient environments.

Abstract: Bioactive coatings suitable for facilitating removal of a fingerprint when contacting the coating are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate. Also provided are processes of facilitating fingerprint removal.

Abstract: Bioactive coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.

Abstract: Bioactive coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.

Abstract: Processes for the liberation of oxygen and hydrogen from water are provided allowing for mass scale production using abundant sources of catalyst materials. A metal oxide based anode is formed by the simple oxidation of metal in air by heating the metal for a specified time period. The resultant anode is then contacted with water and subjected to a voltage from an external source or driven by electromagnetic energy to produce oxygen at the surface of the anode by oxidation of water. These processes provide efficient and stable oxygen or hydrogen production.

Abstract: A process of forming a direct NOx catalyst includes the steps of providing a palladium salt, providing a silicon oxide support material, mixing the palladium salt and silicon oxide support material in an aqueous solution, evaporating the aqueous solution forming a solid, calcining the solid, and then exposing the calcined solid to a pretreatment gas at a specified temperature to form a desired direct NOx catalyst. When the process includes exposing the calcined solid to helium gas at a temperature of from 650 to 1000° C. the catalyst may include a mixture of palladium and palladium oxide having a particle size of from 5 to 150 nm where the palladium particles are discrete particles without sintering and the mixture may include 41% by weight palladium oxide and 51% by weight palladium metal.

Abstract: A secondary ionomer that enhances activity and stability of a cathode catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate ([MTBD][C4F9SO3]). When contacting the catalyst, [MTBD][C4F9SO3] enhances catalyst activity and stability more effectively than previously known ionomers, likely by preventing oxide formation and water adsorption at the catalyst surface. The disclosed secondary ionomer is thus most effective when completely coating the catalyst.

Abstract: A process of forming an oxygen evolution catalyst includes the steps of: providing Co(NO3)4; providing Na2WO4; combining the Co(NO3)4 and Na2WO4 forming a solution; exposing the solution to a source of microwave energy and initiating a hydrothermal reaction forming hydrated CoWO4. The oxygen evolution catalyst including hydrated CoWO4 may be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen ions.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst that includes a transition metal tungstate having the formula: MWO4 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. The catalyst may be utilized in various environments including oxygen rich and oxygen deficient environments.

Abstract: A noble metal-free lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material. The noble metal-free lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material may include a two phase mixture of a lanthanum transition metal perovskite with an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, a lanthanum transition metal perovskite doped with an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof. The lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material provides direct decomposition of NOx into N2 and O2 without the presence of a noble metal and in the presence of excess O2.

Abstract: An oxygen evolution catalyst of the formula: Sr2MCoO5 where M=Al, Ga wherein M is bonded with four oxygen atoms to form a tetrahedron. The catalyst is operated at a potential of less than 1.58 volts vs. RHE at a current density of 50 ?A/cm2 for a pH of 7-13. The catalyst is operated at a potential of less than 1.55 volts vs. RHE at a current density of 50 ?A/cm2 and a pH of 13. The oxygen evolution catalyst of the formula: Sr2GaCoO5 wherein the catalyst is operated at a potential of less than 1.53 volts vs. RHE at a current density of 50 ?A/cm2 and a pH of 7. The oxygen evolution catalyst of formula: Sr2GaCoO5 wherein the catalyst maintains a current within 94% after 300 minutes at a potential of 1.645 volts vs. RHE wherein the current is greater than 1 milliamp and a pH of 7.

Abstract: Bioactive coatings that include a base and a protein associated with the base for actively promoting the removal of organic stains are provided. In aspects, bioactive coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.

Abstract: Bioactive coatings that include a base and a protein associated with the base for actively promoting the removal of organic stains are provided. In aspects, bioactive coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.

Abstract: A process of forming a direct NOx catalyst includes the steps of providing a palladium salt, providing a silicon oxide support material, mixing the palladium salt and silicon oxide support material in an aqueous solution, evaporating the aqueous solution forming a solid, calcining the solid, and then exposing the calcined solid to a pretreatment gas at a specified temperature to form a desired direct NOx catalyst. When the process includes exposing the calcined solid to helium gas at a temperature of from 650 to 1000° C. the catalyst may include a mixture of palladium and palladium oxide having a particle size of from 5 to 150 nm where the palladium particles are discrete particles without sintering and the mixture may include 41% by weight palladium oxide and 51% by weight palladium metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes in the field of self-cleaning system using digestive proteins. One composition includes a substrate, a digestive protein capable of decomposing a stain molecule, and a linker moiety bound to both said digestive protein and said substrate. The processes include binding a substrate to a surface and forming a linker moiety between a digestive protein and said substrate.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing water using hydrated cobalt molybdenum is disclosed. A plurality of hydrated cobalt molybdenum nanoparticles are supported on an electrode and are able to catalytically interact with water molecules generating oxygen. The catalyst can be used as part of an electrochemical or photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: A process of forming a direct NOx catalyst includes the steps of providing a palladium salt, providing a silicon oxide support material, mixing the palladium salt and silicon oxide support material in an aqueous solution, evaporating the aqueous solution forming a solid, calcining the solid, and then exposing the calcined solid to a pretreatment gas at a specified temperature to form a desired direct NOx catalyst. When the process includes exposing the calcined solid to helium gas at a temperature of from 650 to 1000° C. the catalyst may include a mixture of palladium and palladium oxide having a particle size of from 5 to 150 nm where the palladium particles are discrete particles without sintering and the mixture may include 41% by weight palladium oxide and 51% by weight palladium metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and a process in the field of self-cleaning system using digestive proteins. One composition includes a substrate, a digestive protein capable of decomposing a stain molecule, and a link moiety bound to both said digestive protein and said substrate. An alternative composition includes a digestive protein capable of decomposing a stain molecule and a coating substrate wherein said digestive protein may be dispersed in said coating substrate. The process claim includes binding a substrate to a surface and forming a linker moiety between a digestive protein and said substrate.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing water using hydrated cobalt molybdenum is disclosed. A plurality of hydrated cobalt molybdenum nanoparticles are supported on an electrode and are able to catalytically interact with water molecules generating oxygen. The catalyst can be used as part of an electrochemical or photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.