Abstract: A first communication device generates a first physical layer (PHY) data unit that includes information indicating a capability to use a channel bandwidth greater than a maximum channel bandwidth of the first communication device, and transmits the first PHY data unit to a second communication device during an association process with the second communication device. The first communication device generates a second PHY data unit that includes information indicating a capability to use at most the maximum channel bandwidth of the first communication device, and transmits the second PHY data unit to the second communication device when the first communication device is associated with the second communication device.

Abstract: A first communication device generates a PHY preamble of a PHY data unit to include a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol corresponding to a legacy signal field. The legacy signal field includes i) a length subfield, and ii) a rate subfield. The length subfield and the rate subfield indicate a duration of the PHY data unit, and the legacy signal field is formatted according to a legacy second communication protocol. The first communication device generates the PHY preamble of a PHY data unit to include a second OFDM symbol corresponding to a duplicate of the legacy signal field, and a plurality of additional OFDM symbols corresponding to a non-legacy signal field. The first communication device sets the length subfield of the legacy signal field to a length value such that a remainder value resulting from dividing the length value by three, indicates that the PHY data unit conforms to the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A method for establishing a biological model on joint toxicity of Caenorhabditis elegans and an application thereof are provided. The method for establishing the biological model includes adding the L1-stage Caenorhabditis elegans to a mixed system of working solution of mycotoxins containing tenuazonic acid and penicillin, K-medium solution and E. coli OP50 to obtain L1-stage Caenorhabditis elegans. The biological model indicates that TeA and PAT have a synergistic effect on the growth, development and reproductive ability of Caenorhabditis elegans, and their toxicity mechanism is related to inducing nematodes and stimulating transcriptional factors of Daf-16 genes. The biological model and detection method are simple to operate and its test period is short.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless multi-link device (MILD) includes a controller configured to generate a millimeter wave (mmWave) beacon and a wireless transceiver configured to transmit the mmWave beacon to a second wireless MILD through an mmWave link between the wireless MLD and the second wireless MLD.

Abstract: A first communication device is configured to process packets that conform to a first physical layer (PHY) protocol for wireless vehicular communications and packets that conform to a second PHY protocol for wireless vehicular communications. The first communication device determines that one or more second communication devices neighboring the first communication device are not capable of processing packets that conform to the second PHY protocol. The first communication device transmits a first packet to a third communication device that is configured to process packets that conform to the first PHY protocol and packets that conform to the second PHY protocol. The first packet indicates that the one or more second communication devices neighboring the first communication device are not capable of processing packets that conform to the second PHY protocol to inform the third communication device of the one or more second communication devices.

Abstract: A communication device generates a first packet and a second packet. The first packet includes a first physical layer (PHY) preamble having: a first legacy signal field (L-SIG) having first duration information that indicates a first duration of the first packet; and first non-legacy signal field information having first modulation information that indicates a first modulation used in the first packet. The second packet includes a second PHY preamble having: a second L-SIG having second duration information that indicates a second duration of the second packet, wherein the second duration is different than the first duration; and second non-legacy signal field information having second modulation information that indicates a second modulation used in the second packet, wherein the second modulation is different than the first modulation. The communication device simultaneously transmits the first packet in a first frequency segment and the second packet in a second frequency segment.

Abstract: An AP receives a frame comprising an indication of a restricted target wake up time schedule service period (r-TWT SP) from a wireless device. The AP one or more of adjusts an r-TWP SP of the AP based on the indication of the r-TWT SP indicated in the received frame and announcing that an STA associated with the AP is to terminate a transmit opportunity (TXOP) before the r-TWT SP indicated in the received frame begins.

Abstract: A method of broadcasting a beacon by a relay device in a basic service set, including: receiving an announcement from a first device indicating whether the relay device is to forward a received beacon to a second device; receiving a beacon from the first device; and forwarding the beacon to the second device based upon the announcement.

Abstract: This application provides a benzoxazine resin and a preparation method thereof, and an adhesive. The benzoxazine resin is represented by the following formula: where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —H, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and aryl, and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is —H; X1 is an alkyl or/and alkoxy containing a long chain structure in main chain or side chain; X2 is one or more selected from alkyl, ether group, alkoxy, alkyl ester group, carbonyl, sulfone group, and thioether group; and n is 1-150.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless device includes a wireless transceiver configured to receive a first frame from a first wireless access point (AP) for multi-AP coordination that is not associated with the wireless device and a second frame from a second wireless AP for multi-AP coordination that is associated with the wireless device and a controller configured to set a network allocation vector (NAV) timer of the wireless device to a non-zero value in response to the first frame and the second frame. The wireless transceiver is further configured to transmit a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) to the second wireless AP even if the NAV timer of the wireless device is non-zero.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method for power save operation by a non-access point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD), wherein a plurality of links are established between the non-AP MLD and an AP MLD, including: setting, by the non-AP MLD, a QoS capability for a first access category to a first state on all links of the plurality of links that the non-AP MLD operates; transmitting, by the non-AP MLD, a first management frame to the AP MLD, wherein the first management frame is used to request a multi-link setup with the AP MLD, and wherein the first management frame includes a first element that comprises the setting of the QoS capability for the first access category; receiving, by the non-AP MLD, a second management frame from the AP MLD, wherein the second management frame includes information for an association ID (AID) that corresponds to the non-AP MLD, wherein the AID is assigned to the non-AP MLD regardless of the number of links in the plurality of links; and receiving, by the non-AP MLD, a third m

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless relay device includes a wireless transceiver configured to receive, from a first wireless device, a first multi-station (STA) block acknowledgement (BA) frame, and a controller configured to generate a second multi-STA BA frame in response to the first multi-STA BA frame. The wireless transceiver is further configured to transmit the second multi-STA BA frame to a second wireless device.

Abstract: This application provides a resin composition and an adhesive. The resin composition is composed of benzoxazine and a resin. The benzoxazine is synthesized from a primary amine-capped flexible polyimide oligomer, an aldehyde and a monofunctional phenolic compound. The resin contains one or more of an epoxy resin, a maleimide resin, and a cyanate ester resin containing two or more functional groups. The resin is 0.1%-70% by weight of the benzoxazine.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method includes selecting backoff 20 MHz channels of an operating channel bandwidth (BW) of a Basic Service Set (BSS), and announcing to a second wireless device the operating channel BW of the BSS for use in communicating between the wireless device and the second wireless device, subchannels of the operating channel bandwidth, and backoff 20 MHz channels of each subchannel, wherein one subchannel is a primary subchannel and one subchannel is a non-primary subchannel. A data unit is transmitted to the second wireless device in a backoff 20 MHz channel of the non-primary subchannel.

Abstract: A first communication device receives a sounding packet from a second communication device and develops beamforming information based on the sounding packet. The first communication device transmits beamforming feedback to the second communication device, the beamforming feedback including beamforming information for use by the second communication device to beamsteer a data packet to the first communication device, the data packet having a data portion that includes a second number of OFDM tones greater than a first number of OFDM tones in the sounding packet. After transmitting the beamforming feedback, the first communication device receives the data packet from the second communication device, the data packet including one or more data OFDM symbols, each of the one or more data OFDM symbols having the second number of OFDM tones.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for wireless communications involves generating a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) that includes a resource unit (RU), wherein a size of the RU is less than a signal bandwidth and wherein data corresponding to the RU is distributed onto a disjoint set of subcarriers included in a frequency unit, and transmitting the PPDU using the disjoint set of subcarriers in accordance with a power spectrum density (PSD) limit.

Abstract: A soil conditioner spreader and an operation method thereof are provided. The soil conditioner spreader includes a spreader body, a ridger, a solid tank, two spiral drills, a rotary tillage wheel and a mulching device, where the spreader body is provided with a hopper in a front part. The hopper stores a conditioner. The solid tank is arranged above the spiral drills. The spreader body is connected to the solid tank through a feeding track. The ridger, the spiral rills, the rotary tillage wheel and the mulching device are successively arranged at the bottom of the spreader body from the rear to the front. The ridger ridges first, and then the spiral drills perform deep plowing, rotary tillage and scarification and apply the conditioner to a ridge. The rotary tillage wheel performs rotary tillage, and a nozzle sprays a nutrient solution or an herbicide/insecticide. Finally, the mulching device mulches.

Abstract: One example discloses a first-device: wherein the first-device is configured to be coupled to a second-device over an IEEE 802.11 communications link; and wherein the first-device is configured to, store a current setup between the first-device and the second-device; identify a unique identifier of the second-device; transmit a request frame to a third-device; wherein at least one of the second-device and third-device is a multi-link-device (MLD); wherein the request frame is configured to request an association with the third-device and includes the unique identifier of the second-device; receive a response frame from the third-device; and wherein the response frame includes an indication that request was successful.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a first wireless device for announcing operating capabilities to a second wireless device, wherein the first wireless device and second wireless device support a first protocol and a second protocol, including: announcing by the first device original capabilities to the second device; receiving an announcement of capabilities from the second device; receiving frames from the second device in PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) following the first protocol and the second protocol; announcing by the first device a change in its capabilities to the second device; and receiving frames from the second device in PPDUs transmitted using the changed capabilities following the first protocol and the second protocol, wherein the change in the capabilities includes a change in a one of a puncture parameter, bandwidth parameter, mode and coding scheme (MCS) parameter, and a number of simultaneous streams (Nss) parameter.

Abstract: An information-seeking dialogue system can be trained using a pipeline process having stages, or components, of passage retrieval (selecting passages relevant to a query from a corpus or knowledge base), re-ranking, and generating a response to the query based on one or more of the re-ranked passages. Each stage, or component, of the pipeline can be individually optimized based on ground truth data.