Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating trigger frames that solicit PPDUs from one or more client devices. In an example method, a trigger frame is generated in accordance with the IEEE 802.11bn amendment (UHR) to the IEEE 802.11 standard. The method begins by determining a time duration requirement (or padding field length requirement) for preparing an uplink transmission from a client device. A trigger frame is generated (e.g., by an access point) that includes a frame check sequence (FCS) field, a padding field, and an intermediate FCS value that is included in the padding field. In an example, the dedicated fields of the trigger frame do not explicitly indicate the location of the intermediate FCS value. For a protected trigger frame, a MIC value is further included in the padding field. In other examples, the intermediate FCS value is included within one or more User Info fields of the trigger frame.

Abstract: A first communication device determines, based on information included in a first packet received from a second communication device, i) an overall frequency bandwidth of an operating channel of a WLAN and ii) one or more punctured sub-channels for the operating channel. The first communication device transmits, via a plurality sub-channels included in the operating channel of the WLAN, the plurality of sub-channels not including any of the one or more punctured sub-channels, a second packet that includes an RTS frame to initiate a TXOP of the first communication device. The first communication device receives, via a subset of the plurality of sub-channels, a third packet that includes a CTS frame, determines that the subset of sub-channels is reserved for the transmit opportunity TXOP initiated by the first communication device, and transmit a fourth packet to the second communication device during the TXOP via the subset of sub-channels.

Abstract: A method and system for restricted target wake time (r-TWT) coordination where a first AP in a basic service set (BSS) respects an r-TWT schedule of a second AP, where the second AP is in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS). The first AP acquires the r-TWT schedule of the second AP and indicates to the second AP that the first AP respects the r-TWT schedule of the second AP. The first AP provides to a station associated with the first AP an indication of the r-TWT schedule of the second AP to cause a frame exchange with the STA of the first AP to end at a beginning of a r-TWT service period of the second AP to respect the r-TWT schedule of the second AP.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for millimeter wave (mmWave) link beam failure recovery. A wireless multi-link device (MLD), such as a non-AP MLD, establishes mmWave link and a non-mmWave link with a second wireless MLD. Upon detecting a beam failure of the mmWave link, the wireless MLD transmits, via the non-mmWave link, an indication of the beam failure which may also include a request frame for a candidate beam training procedure to be initiated by the second wireless MLD. In response, the wireless MLD receives, via the mmWave link, candidate beam training packets from the second wireless MLD. The wireless MLD further transmits, via the non-mmWave link, beam training feedback information regarding the candidate beam training packets. In an example, a new Tx beam (e.g., a Tx beam with a highest received signal strength) is selected for maintaining the mmWave link.

Abstract: One example discloses A first wireless communications device, including: a transceiver configured to be coupled to a set of antennas; a controller coupled to the transceiver; wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a first signal to a second wireless communications device; wherein the transceiver is configured to receive a second signal from the second wireless communications device; wherein the second wireless communications device harvests power from the first signal to enable generation of the second signal; and wherein the first signal is backward compatible with WiFi compliant devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless device includes a controller configured to determine backoff channels for a Basic Service Set (BSS) operating channel that include a primary channel and a non-primary channel access (NPCA) primary channel and a wireless transceiver configured to announce to a second wireless device the backoff channels of the BSS operating channel and to switch to the NPCA primary channel for communicating between the wireless device and the second wireless device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the technical filed of organic synthesis, in particular to a method for preparing veratrole. In the disclosure, veratrole is prepared by using lithium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide, catechol as raw material, and dimethyl sulfate as methylating agent. Comparing with the existing method of adding sodium hydroxide solution, the method according to the disclosure allows reduced reaction temperature, shortened reaction time, and thereby improves the stability and safety of the reaction and the product yield. The experimental data of the examples in the disclosure shows a veratrole yield up to 95%. Furthermore, the preparation method according to the disclosure does not need to be carried out under a reflux condition, the operation of which is simpler, thereby further improving the safety and stability of the reaction.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, an access point (AP) device includes a controller configured to determine a frame exchange context for frame exchanges with a non-AP device roaming from a current serving AP MLD affiliated with a roaming MLD group identifying address to a new serving AP MLD affiliated with the roaming MLD group identifying address and a wireless transceiver configured to conduct the frame exchanges with the non-AP device based on the frame exchange context.

Abstract: Non-access point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) roaming among a serving AP MLD and a target AP MLD of a roaming domain is disclosed. Links are set up from the non-AP MLD to the serving AP MLD. The non-AP MLD affiliated with the roaming domain initiates a link-level roaming setting up a link to the target AP MLD, wherein respective links are set up from the non-AP MLD to the serving AP MLD and target AP MLD. A type of links from the non-AP MLD to the serving AP MLD and target AP MLD is announced and the non-AP MLD terminates all links between the non-AP MLD and the serving AP MLD where the non-AP MLD has links set up only with the target AP MLD to complete the link-level roaming.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a communications device includes a controller configured to perform periodic or aperiodic in-device interference mitigation and a wireless transceiver configured to conduct wireless communications in response to the periodic or aperiodic in-device interference mitigation.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an access point (AP) configured to support a high priority (HP) service, including: a transceiver configured to: announce first enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameters for a first device associated with the AP, wherein the first EDCA parameters support the HP service; announce second EDCA parameters for a second device associated with the AP that does not support the HP service; receive a HP priority access request frame from the first device configured to request HP services; determine that the second device supports the HP service through negotiation; and transmit an HP priority access response frame to the first device enabling HP traffic transmission by the first device.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a system and method for joint sounding by a client with a master access point (AP) and a slave (AP), including: receiving a message from the master AP; applying network allocation vector (NAV) rules to update a NAV values, wherein the received message is treated as an intra-basic service set (BSS) message when the transmit address (TA) of the received message has a prespecified value; receiving a first trigger frame; and transmitting a first channel state information (CSI) to the master AP when the channel is idle based upon the updated NAV value in response to the trigger frame.

Abstract: A method and system for announcing, by a first wireless device, one or more non-primary channel access (NPCA) primary channels of a basic service set (BSS) operating channel for frame transmission. A determination is made that the primary channel is busy and switching to a NPCA primary channel in response to the primary channel being busy and overlapping BSS activity. A frame is transmitted over the NPCA primary channel to a wireless device based on a backoff counter of the NPCA primary channel reaching a predefined value, the backoff counter set based on an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set.

Abstract: A method for operation of a first communication device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication channel, having a plurality of component channels, between the first communication device and a second communication device is described. A first physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) and a second PPDU, distinct from the first PPDU, are generated. The first PPDU and second PPDU are transmitted simultaneously to the second communication device over the WLAN communication channel, including: transmitting the first PPDU via a first component channel within a first radio frequency (RF) channel segment that occupies a first frequency bandwidth, and transmitting the second PPDU via a second component channel within a second RF channel segment that occupies a second frequency bandwidth that does not overlap the first frequency bandwidth segment, and is separated from the first frequency bandwidth segment by a frequency gap.

Abstract: A preamble of physical layer (PHY) data unit includes a first legacy portion and a first non-legacy portion that follows the first legacy portion. The first non-legacy portion includes i) a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol that immediately follows the first legacy portion and that is modulated using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), and ii) a second OFDM symbol that immediately follows the first OFDM symbol and that is modulated using BPSK modulation rotated by 90 degrees (Q-BPSK). The modulation of the first and second OFDM symbols indicates to a receiver device that conforms to a first communication protocol that the data unit conforms to the first communication protocol. The first OFDM symbol being modulated using BPSK modulation causes a receiver device that conforms to a second communication protocol to determine that the PHY data unit conforms to a third communication protocol.

Abstract: A first communication device generates a first packet and transmits the first packet via a first wireless local area network (WLAN) communication channel having a first radio frequency (RF) bandwidth. The first communication device generates a second packet and, after transmitting the first packet, transmits the second packet via the first WLAN communication channel. The first communication device receives a transmission from one or more second communication devices that overlaps in time with transmission of the second packet. The transmission from the one or more second communication devices is received via a second WLAN communication channel having a second RF bandwidth.

Abstract: Embodiments of a wireless device, a communications system and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless device comprises a wireless transceiver to receive and transmit frames, and a controller operably coupled to the wireless transceiver to process the frames, wherein the controller is configured to, in response to an enablement of a low-latency preemption mode from another wireless device, transmit a request for a low-latency preemption, and then transmit a low-latency frame to the another wireless device.

Abstract: Roaming for a non-access point (non-AP) device with a roaming access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), wherein the roaming AP MLD includes a plurality of AP MLDs in different devices at different locations having one medium access control (MAC) service access point (SAP), including: exchanging management frames between the non-AP device and a current serving AP MLD that is one of the plurality of AP MLDs to select a future serving AP MLD that is one of the plurality of AP MLDs and to select future serving link of the future serving AP MLD; and exchanging management frames between the non-AP device and the serving AP MLD to switch from the current serving AP MLD and the future serving AP MLD.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a communications device includes a controller configured to generate a control frame carrying security related information for frame integrity protection in different locations in the control frame with other information in between the security related information and a wireless transceiver configured to wirelessly transmit the control frame to a second communications device.

Abstract: A first communication device transmits first bitmap length capability information for the first communication device regarding block acknowledgment procedures, and receives second bitmap length capability information for a second communication device regarding block acknowledgment procedures. The first communication device performs a block acknowledgment procedure, including setting a block acknowledgment transmission window size for the block acknowledgment procedure based on the second bitmap length capability information for the second communication device, and a determination of whether a block acknowledgement frame used in the block acknowledgment procedure is a compressed block acknowledgement (C-BA) frame or a multi-station (multi-STA) block acknowledgement frame.