Abstract: A method includes depositing spacers at a plurality of locations directly on a back contact layer over a solar cell substrate. An absorber layer is formed over the back contact layer and the spacers. The absorber layer is partially in contact with the spacers and partially in direct contact with the back contact layer. The solar cell substrate is heated to form voids between the absorber layer and the back contact layer at the locations of the spacers.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a photovoltaic device includes forming an absorber layer comprising an absorber material above a substrate, forming a buffer layer over the absorber layer, forming a front transparent layer over the buffer layer, and exposing the photovoltaic device to heat or radiation at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 500° C. for a period of time, subsequent to the step of forming a buffer layer over the absorber layer.

Abstract: A novel system and method for charge-monitoring mass spectrometry is provided. The mass spectrometer can be used to measure the mass of one or more analytes having masses in the range of about a few Daltons to more than about 1015 Daltons. The invention can be used for rapid mass distribution measurements. For example, the system and method can be used to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells when their mass distributions are different.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic module having an upper surface. A fluid deposition unit is positioned to deposit a layer of a fluid on the upper surface of the photovoltaic module. A fluid collection unit is positioned to collect fluid deposited on the upper surface of the photovoltaic module. A fluid reservoir is connected to receive fluid from the fluid collection unit. A pump is connected to supply fluid from the fluid reservoir to the fluid deposition unit.

Abstract: A method for implementing an overhead rail guided transport system includes the following steps: a vehicle transport system is provided, which includes an upper rail guided transport system, a lower rail guided transport system, a vehicle exchange equipment, and a plurality of vehicles operating in the upper and lower rail guided transport system; respective vehicle utilizing rates in the upper and lower rail guided transport systems are provided; the vehicle exchange equipment is used to interchange the vehicles respectively operating in the upper and lower rail guided transport systems in order to equilibrate the respective vehicle utilizing rates.

Abstract: A solar cell comprises a back contact layer, an absorber layer on the back contact layer, a buffer layer on the absorber layer, and a front contact layer above the buffer layer. The front contact layer has a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions of the front contact layer differ from each other in thickness or dopant concentration.

Abstract: A method and system provide for depositing a TCO, transparent conductive oxide, film in one chamber of a manufacturing tool then irradiating the TCO film with light energy in another chamber of the same tool. The TCO film is used in a solar cell and formed on a solar cell substrate in some embodiments. The method includes irradiating the TCO film for a time and energy to reduce resistance of the TCO film without reducing transmittance. One or multiple light sources are used in the light irradiation chamber. Light in the infrared range, visible light range and ultraviolet light range are used either individually or in combination.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a method for treating a patient having a tumor associated with HER2+ breast cancer comprising: measuring in a sample of the patient's tumor a level of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor protein by using an antibody that detects the cytoplasmic domain of epidermal growth factor receptor; and comparing the level of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor protein in the patient's tumor so measured with a reference value; wherein if the level of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor measured is higher than the reference value, treating the patient with a therapy other than trastuzumab.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring thickness of a film in a solar cell provides for directing light emitted at multiple emission wavelengths, to a surface of the solar cell. Each emission results in the generation of a responsive photo current. The photo currents are read by a current meter having one contact coupled to a surface of the solar cell and another contact coupled to another surface. The currents associated with each of the different light emissions are identified and the thickness of a film in the solar cell is calculated based on the two currents or associated quantum efficiencies, and associated absorption coefficients. In one embodiment, the film thickness is the thickness of a CdS or other buffer film in a thin film solar cell.

Abstract: A recording, recovering, and replaying method for real traffic is used for processing a plurality of network packets of a plurality of network connections. A recording procedure of the method includes the following steps. A recording parameter (N, M, P) is received. A header and a payload of each network packet of the network connections are completely recorded, and a payload accumulation value of each network connection is accumulated. When one of the payload accumulation values exceeds N, the header of each network packet and first M bytes of the payload are recorded for P consecutive network packets corresponding to the payload accumulation value. When one of the payload accumulation values exceeds N and after the P consecutive network packets of the network connection corresponding to the payload accumulation value are recorded, the header of each network packet is recorded for the network connection corresponding to the payload accumulation value.

Abstract: A multi-track handling and storage apparatus includes at least two main tracks, at least two cranes and an intelligent integrated logic system. The main tracks are arranged separately, and every two adjacent main tracks are connected by at least one switching track. Bottoms of the cranes are slidably disposed on the main tracks. The intelligent integrated logic system includes a command receiving unit, a database unit, an analyzing unit, a crane dispatching unit and a route selection unit which are integrated with each other. The above-mentioned main tracks, switching tracks and cranes are controlled by the units of the intelligent integrated logic system. The present invention further provides a multi-track handling and storage method.

Abstract: A method for implementing an overhead rail guided transport system includes the following steps: a vehicle transport system is provided, which includes an upper rail guided transport system, a lower rail guided transport system, a vehicle exchange equipment, and a plurality of vehicles operating in the upper and lower rail guided transport system; respective vehicle utilizing rates in the upper and lower rail guided transport systems are provided; the vehicle exchange equipment is used to interchange the vehicles respectively operating in the upper and lower rail guided transport systems in order to equilibrate the respective vehicle utilizing rates.

Abstract: A method for preparing luminescent diamond particles (e.g., fluorescent nanodiamonds). The method includes irradiating diamond particles with an ion beam and heating the irradiated diamond particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature between 600 and 1000° C. The diamond particles have a diameter of 1 nm to 1 mm and the ion beam has a kinetic energy of 1 KeV to 900 MeV. Also disclosed are luminescent diamond particles prepared by this method and methods of using them.

Abstract: A rotary transport system has a main track with transport(s) or shuttle(s) moving along the main track and an auxiliary storage unit. The auxiliary storage unit has a plurality of storing positions, and the storing positions are rotating around the main track. Therefore, the object, such as a FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod) can be loaded on or unloaded from the storing positions.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell structure and the fabricating method thereof are disclosed. A passivation layer is embedded into the thin film solar cell structure to be in contact with an absorbing layer. The interface trap density of the absorbing layer is reduced by the surface electric field of the passivation layer. The invention helps improve the power conversion efficiency and protect the absorbing layer.

Abstract: A recording, recovering, and replaying method for real traffic is used for processing a plurality of network packets of a plurality of network connections. A recording procedure of the method includes the following steps. A recording parameter (N, M, P) is received. A header and a payload of each network packet of the network connections are completely recorded, and a payload accumulation value of each network connection is accumulated. When one of the payload accumulation values exceeds N, the header of each network packet and first M bytes of the payload are recorded for P consecutive network packets corresponding to the payload accumulation value. When one of the payload accumulation values exceeds N and after the P consecutive network packets of the network connection corresponding to the payload accumulation value are recorded, the header of each network packet is recorded for the network connection corresponding to the payload accumulation value.

Abstract: An automatic wafer storage system and a method of controlling the system are disclosed. The automatic wafer storage system includes an analysis module and a storage unit. The analysis module estimates the locations between an idle equipment, a transport tool, and the storage unit, so as to control the storage unit and the transport tool to move to the best location for the transport tool to receive wafers from the storage unit. After that, the transport tool carries the wafers to the idle equipment for processing.

Abstract: A multi-track handling and storage apparatus includes at least two main tracks, at least two cranes and an intelligent integrated logic system. The main tracks are arranged separately, and every two adjacent main tracks are connected by at least one switching track. Bottoms of the cranes are slidably disposed on the main tracks. The intelligent integrated logic system includes a command receiving unit, a database unit, an analyzing unit, a crane dispatching unit and a route selection unit which are integrated with each other. The above-mentioned main tracks, switching tracks and cranes are controlled by the units of the intelligent integrated logic system. The present invention further provides a multi-track handling and storage method.

Abstract: A food container includes a bowl body, a first cover, a first tear portion, and an eating utensil. The bowl body has a first opening, is made of a first heat-insulating material, and is used for accommodating contents. The first cover is made of a second heat-insulating material, and covers the bowl body, in which the first cover is connected to the bowl body, and includes a sealing portion for placing an additive into the bowl body. The first tear portion is located at a connection position between the bowl body and the first cover, and the first tear portion is torn to separate the bowl body from the first cover. The eating utensil is located at the first cover.

Abstract: A dual-purpose food container includes a first bowl body, a second bowl body, and a tear portion. The first bowl body has a first opening, is made of a first heat-insulating material, and is used for accommodating contents. The second bowl body has a second opening and is made of a second heat-insulating material, in which the second opening faces the first opening such that the second bowl body covers the first bowl body and the second bowl body is connected to the first bowl body. The tear portion is located at a connection position between the first bowl body and the second bowl body, and the tear portion is torn to separate the first bowl body from the second bowl body, so that the first bowl body and the second bowl body are respectively used to serve food and soup, thereby achieving a dual purpose.