Abstract: A structure of semiconductor device is provided, including a first circuit structure, formed on a first substrate. A first test pad is disposed on the first substrate. A second circuit structure is formed on a second substrate. A second test pad is disposed on the second substrate. A first bonding pad of the first circuit structure is bonded to a second bonding pad of the second circuit structure. One of the first test pad and the second test pad is an inner pad while another one of the first test pad and the second test pad is an outer pad, wherein the outer pad surrounds the inner pad.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for introducing time diversity in a transmitter. The systems and methods may include receiving, at the transmitter, a request from a receiver to retransmit data. The systems and methods may further include receiving an input of data corresponding to the data requested for retransmission at a first transmitter block. The systems and methods may further include operating on the signals using the first transmitter block in at least one of a first mode and a second mode, such that an output of signals from the first transmitter block is dependent on a time-varying function and corresponds to the data requested by the receiver for retransmission.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provides a system for detecting data received in a low power low rate (LPLR) data frame format. A mixed mode LPLR frame may be falsely detected by an 802.11n device as an 802.11n packet. When the false detection occurs, the PHY-CAA indication may be erroneously set, which leads to a communication error. To prevent the false detection by an 802.11n device, embodiments described herein describes adding a redundant “dummy” 4 ?s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation before the LPLR preamble in the LPLR frame, to differentiate from data symbols in an 802.11n packet.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for calibrating simulation models to generate digital twins for physical entities. In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a plurality of datasets for a plurality of corresponding physical entities. A calibration request is enqueued to a calibration requests queue for each received dataset and includes information indicating a dataset and a corresponding physical entity. A plurality of calibration engines and a plurality of corresponding simulation clusters for generating a plurality of calibration results for a plurality of calibration requests dequeued from the calibration requests queue can be deployed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate stack over the substrate and a gate spacer on a sidewall of the gate stack. The gate spacer includes an outer spacer and an inner spacer between the gate stack and the outer spacer. The outer spacer and the inner spacer have same k-value reduction impurities, and a concentration of the k-value reduction impurities in the inner spacer is greater than a concentration of the k-value reduction impurities in the outer spacer.

Abstract: A communication device determines whether simultaneous transmissions in a first frequency segment and a second frequency segment are to be synchronized in time. In response determining that simultaneous transmissions in the first frequency segment and the second frequency segment are to be synchronized in time, the communication device transmits a first packet in the first frequency segment beginning at a first time, and transmits a second packet in the second frequency segment beginning at the first time. In response to determining that simultaneous transmissions in the first frequency segment and the second frequency segment are to be unsynchronized in time, the communication device transmits a third packet in the first frequency segment beginning at a second time, and transmits a fourth packet in the second frequency segment beginning at a third time that is different than the second time.

Abstract: A structure of semiconductor device is provided. The structure includes a first bonding pattern, formed on a first substrate. A first grating pattern is disposed on the first substrate, having a plurality of first bars extending along a first direction. A second bonding pattern is formed on a second substrate. A second grating pattern, disposed on the second substrate, having a plurality of second bars extending along the first direction. The first bonding pattern is bonded to the second bonding pattern. One of the first grating pattern and the second grating pattern is stacked over and overlapping at the first direction with another one of the first grating pattern and the second grating pattern. A first gap between adjacent two of the first bars is different from a second gap between adjacent two of the second bars.

Abstract: An oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (OSFET) includes a first insulating layer, a source, a drain, a U-shaped channel layer and a metal gate. The first insulating layer is disposed on a substrate. The source and the drain are disposed in the first insulating layer. The U-shaped channel layer is sandwiched by the source and the drain. The metal gate is disposed on the U-shaped channel layer, wherein the U-shaped channel layer includes at least an oxide semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method for forming said oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

Abstract: A first access point (AP), which is associated with one or more first client stations, generates an announcement frame that announces a coordinated multi-user (MU) transmission involving multiple APs including the first AP and one or more second APs. Each of the second APs is associated with a respective one or more second client stations. The announcement frame is generated to indicate respective one or more frequency resource units (RUs) allocated to the one or more second APs for the coordinated MU transmission. The first AP transmits the announcement frame to the one or more second APs to initiate the coordinated MU transmission, and participates in the coordinated MU transmission while the one or more second APs also participate in the coordinated MU transmission.

Abstract: A communication device generates a transmission signal for transmission via a wireless communication channel, wherein the transmission signal corresponds to a physical layer (PHY) data unit that conforms to a range extension mode of a first communication protocol. Generating the PHY data unit includes generating a preamble of a PHY data unit, wherein the preamble is generated to include: a legacy signal field that includes information indicating a duration of the PHY data unit, a duplicate of the legacy signal field, a plurality of subfields of a non-legacy signal field, and a plurality of additional subfields with the same data as the plurality of subfields of the non-legacy signal field. The plurality of subfields of the non-legacy signal field and the plurality of additional subfields are modulated to signal to a receiving device that the PHY data unit conforms to the range extension mode of a first communication protocol.

Abstract: A biosensor and a biological detection method are provided. The biosensor includes a substrate, a plurality of first and second electrodes in a strip shape, a material layer and a capture antibody. The substrate has a sampling region and a measuring region connected to the sampling region. The first and second electrodes are disposed on the substrate in the measuring region, and the first and second electrodes are arranged alternately with each other, wherein the first electrodes are connected in parallel with each other, and the second electrodes are connected in parallel with each other.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a method for creating a low power wake-up radio frame. The method comprises generating, at an access point, a wake-up radio frame for transmission to one or more client stations, determining whether the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted inside or outside a basic service set associated with the access point, the basic service set having a basic service set identifier that is used to identify the access point. And in response to determining that the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted outside the basic service set, computing, a target frame check sequence for the wake-up radio frame without using the basic service set identifier associated with the basic service set, appending the target frame check sequence to the wake-up radio frame; and transmitting, to one or more client stations, the wake-up radio frame with the appended target frame check sequence.

Abstract: An access point receives a first uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission from a plurality of client stations. The first uplink OFDMA transmission includes i) respective acknowledgment frames for the downlink OFDMA PHY data unit, and ii) respective frames that include indications of respective amounts of buffered data at the respective client stations that are to be transmitted to the access point. The access point uses the received indications of respective amounts of buffered data at the respective client stations to determine an allocation of frequency resources for a second uplink OFDMA transmission, and transmits a second downlink OFDMA PHY data unit to the plurality of client stations, which i) indicates the allocation of frequency resources to the plurality of client stations for the second uplink OFDMA transmission, and ii) is configured to prompt the plurality of client stations to begin transmitting the second uplink OFDMA transmission.

Abstract: A first portion of a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a PHY data unit is generated for transmission via a communication channel that comprises a plurality of sub-channels. A first portion of the PHY preamble is generated to include a legacy portion and a plurality of first non-legacy signal fields spanning the respective sub-channels. A second portion of a PHY preamble that immediately follows the first portion of the PHY preamble of the PHY data unit is generated to include: a non-legacy short training field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels, a plurality of non-legacy long training fields immediately following the non-legacy short training field, each non-legacy training field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels, and a second non-legacy signal field immediately following the plurality of non-legacy long training fields, the second-legacy signal field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels.

Abstract: A communication device selects a frequency bandwidth via which a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) will be transmitted in a vehicular communication network, and generates, the PPDU i) according to a downclocking ratio of 1/2, and ii) based on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology defined by an IEEE 802.11ac Standard. In response to the selected frequency bandwidth being 10 MHz, the PPDU is generated according to the downclocking ratio of 1/2 and based on the OFDM numerology defined by the IEEE 802.11ac Standard for 20 MHz PPDUs. In response to the selected frequency bandwidth being 20 MHz, the PPDU is generated according to the downclocking ratio of 1/2 and based on the OFDM numerology defined by the IEEE 802.11ac Standard for 40 MHz PPDUs.

Abstract: A communication device associated with a first wireless communication network transmits an indication that a communication channel in an unlicensed frequency band is being utilized by the first wireless communication network. The indication is transmitted to an access point of a second wireless communication network. The first wireless communication network utilizes a first wireless communication protocol developed for use in licensed frequency bands, and the second wireless communication network utilizes a second wireless communication protocol developed for use in the unlicensed frequency band. The indication is transmitted by the communication device to prompt the access point of the second wireless communication network, to determine that i) the communication channel cannot be used by the second wireless communication network, or ii) the second wireless communication network is to temporarily yield the communication channel to the first wireless communication network.

Abstract: A network device includes a first medium access control entity and a second medium access control entity. The first medium access control entity is configured to transmit and receive in a first frequency band. The second medium access control entity is configured to transmit and receive in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is higher than and non-contiguous with the first frequency band. The first medium access control entity is configured to receive a control frame and operate as a pass-through to pass at least a portion of the control frame from the first medium access control entity to the second medium access control entity as opposed to forwarding the control frame to a physical layer entity or a processor of the network device. The second medium access control entity is configured to transmit the at least the portion of the control frame in the second frequency band.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure with a capacitor landing pad includes a substrate. A capacitor contact plug is disposed on the substrate. A capacitor landing pad contacts and electrically connects the capacitor contact plug. A bit line is disposed on the substrate. A dielectric layer surrounds the capacitor landing pad. The dielectric layer includes a bottom surface lower than a top surface of the bit line.

Abstract: A first communication device receives an aggregated data unit from a second communication device. The aggregated data unit aggregates (i) one or more sets of multiple data units, each set of multiple data units to be acknowledged by a respective block acknowledgement and (ii) one or more single data units, each single data unit to be acknowledged by a respective single acknowledgement. The first communication device generates a block acknowledgment frame that includes (i) block acknowledgement information to acknowledge the one or more sets of multiple data units, and (ii) single acknowledgment information to acknowledge the one or more single data units, where the block acknowledgement frame omits an indication that the block acknowledgement frame includes the single acknowledgement information. The first communication device causes the block acknowledgement frame to be transmitted to the second communication device.

Abstract: Provided herein are KRAS G12C inhibitors, composition of the same, and methods of using the same. These inhibitors are useful for treating a number of disorders, including pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers.