Abstract: In the embodiments, an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution instead of hydrogen chloride gas and solid triphosgene instead of phosgene gas may be used in the process of preparing a diisocyanate from a diamine through a diamine hydrochloride. In addition, the embodiments provide processes for preparing a diisocyanate composition and an optical lens, which are excellent in yield and quality with mitigated environmental problems by controlling the size of the diamine hydrochloride composition, the b* value according to the CIE color coordinate of the diamine hydrochloride composition, or the content of water in the diamine hydrochloride composition within a specific range.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to an isocyanate composition with improved stability and reactivity and a plastic optical lens using the same. The isocyanate composition has improved stability since the content of chlorine in the composition is adjusted to 22-500 ppm, and thus the isocyanate composition can prevent the deterioration in reactivity even in the long-term storage. Therefore, the isocyanate composition according to an example, even when used after long-term storage after preparation, can be prepared, through polymerization with a thiol-based compound, as a polythiourethane-based optical material with excellent physical properties, such as refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, glass transition temperature, and yellowness, and thus the isocyanate composition is useful in fields of glass lenses, a camera lens, and the like.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polymerizable composition for a plastic lens. The polymerizable composition for a plastic lens according to the embodiment further comprises a diketone compound for the purpose of controlling the strong activity of a halogenated tin-based catalyst. Further, the polymerizable composition is preliminarily polymerized at a low temperature of 5 to 20° C. for a certain period of time, specifically 1 to 20 hours. Since it is possible to stabilize the reaction rate of the composition and to properly control the viscosity of the composition, a more stable pot life is attained, thereby improving the workability. In addition, the generation of bubbles is prevented, thereby improving the transparency of the resin. Hence, the polymerizable composition can be advantageously used for fabricating various plastic lenses such as eyeglass lenses, camera lenses, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a beauty-purposed pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of neuromuscular disease, the composition including a combination of Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil and Botox. Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil inhibits t-SNARE protein and v-SNARE protein expression in neurons to inhibit the formation of SNARE protein complexes. Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil inhibits the regeneration of t-SNARE protein and v-SNARE protein degraded by Botox to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Accordingly, an efficacy duration of Botox may be extended. Thus, Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil may be usefully used in combination with Botox as Botox adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of neuromuscular disease or for beauty.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition for a plastic lens. The polymerizable composition for a plastic lens according to the embodiment comprises a nonhalogenated tin-based catalyst and a diketone compound as a low-temperature reaction rate controlling agent. Accordingly, the polymerizable composition has a more stable pot life so that the polymerization rate can be appropriately controlled, thereby improving the reactivity and the workability, and that the generation of bubbles are prevented, thereby improving the transparency of the resin.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polythiourethane-based plastic lens. When a polythiourethane-based plastic lens is polymerized according to the embodiment, the types, contents, and the like of the polythiol compounds and the isocyanate compounds are adjusted to control the storage moduli at room temperature and high temperatures, their variations, the energy attenuation (KEL) obtained therefrom, and the glass transition temperature, whereby the polythiourethane-based plastic lens thus obtained is enhanced in impact resistance and thermal resistance.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a polymeric composition for a polythiourethane-based optical material, wherein the polymeric composition, comprising a particular additive, may appropriately adjust the reactivity of an isocyanate such that viscosity is maintained low for a predetermined period of time, and thus is capable of preparing a high-quality polythiourethane-based optical material, without a complicated purification process. Moreover, a polythiourethane-based optical material according to an embodiment has not only a uniform refractive index, but also a low yellow index, and thus may be used as a variety of plastic optical lenses, such as an eyeglass lens or a camera lens and the like.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition for an optical material and a polythiourethane-based compound prepared therefrom. The polythiourethane-based compound is excellent in appearance with low generation rates of stirae and bubbles.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation of a thioether-based polythiol in a high purity using a metal monosulfide for the incorporation of a thioether group, wherein the content of such components as a metal polysulfide present in the metal monosulfide is controlled to a predetermined level or lower. As a result, an optical lens of high quality with a high refractive index can be produced using the polythiol.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polythiol composition for a plastic optical lens and a polythiourethane-based plastic optical lens prepared therefrom. In the embodiments, a first polythiol compound having mercapto groups only as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a second polythiol compound having mercapto groups as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a hydrogen-bondable functional group other than a mercapto group are used in an appropriate amount. Thus, not only is it possible to control the viscosity of a polymerizable composition at the initial stage of polymerization at a low temperature of 5 to 15° C. and to stabilize the rate of increase in the viscosity of the composition and the reaction rate thereof, but also the change in the viscosity at a low temperature is low, thereby preventing the generation of striae, bubbles, and the like.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to an aromatic polythiol compound for optical materials, and the aromatic polythiol compound according to the embodiment contains a phenyl group and a large number of sulfur atoms in its polythiol structure so that a polymerizable composition and an optical material obtained therefrom have excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low specific gravity, as well as excellent mechanical properties such as low cure shrinkage; thus, they can be advantageously used for producing various plastic optical lenses such as eyeglass lenses and camera lenses.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polymerizable composition comprising a phosphorus-based mold releasing agent for an optical use whose preparation process is improved, and a process for preparing the phosphorus-based mold releasing agent. The phosphorus-based mold releasing agents can be prepared more easily and conveniently by using phosphorous pentoxide, which can easily react with a monoalcohol and/or water at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst or a solvent. In addition, byproducts are not generated during the reaction. Thus, when a lens is produced by using the mold release agent obtained therefrom, it is possible to prevent a defective appearance of the lens that may be caused by byproducts, thereby further enhancing the appearance properties thereof. Further, since separate steps for removing byproducts, specifically, such steps as washing and filtration, are not required, wastewater is not generated.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polythiol composition for a plastic optical lens and a polythiourethane-based plastic optical lens prepared therefrom. In the embodiments, a first polythiol compound having mercapto groups only as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a second polythiol compound having mercapto groups as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a hydrogen-bondable functional group other than a mercapto group are used in an appropriate amount. Thus, not only is it possible to control the viscosity of a polymerizable composition at the initial stage of polymerization at a low temperature of 5 to 15° C. and to stabilize the rate of increase in the viscosity of the composition and the reaction rate thereof, but also the change in the viscosity at a low temperature is low, thereby preventing the generation of striae, bubbles, and the like.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition for an optical material and a polythiourethane-based compound prepared therefrom. The polythiourethane-based compound is excellent in appearance with low generation rates of stirae and bubbles.

Abstract: In the method and the apparatus for releasing a molded article from a mold according to the embodiments, the lateral of the molded article in the mold is pressed, so that it is possible to minimize the damage of the mold and the molded article at the time of the release, while the amount of a mold release agent used is minimized.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polymerizable composition for a plastic lens. The polymerizable composition for a plastic lens according to the embodiment further comprises a diketone compound for the purpose of controlling the strong activity of a halogenated tin-based catalyst. Further, the polymerizable composition is preliminarily polymerized at a low temperature of 5 to 20° C. for a certain period of time, specifically 1 to 20 hours. Since it is possible to stabilize the reaction rate of the composition and to properly control the viscosity of the composition, a more stable pot life is attained, thereby improving the workability. In addition, the generation of bubbles is prevented, thereby improving the transparency of the resin. Hence, the polymerizable composition can be advantageously used for fabricating various plastic lenses such as eyeglass lenses, camera lenses, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is to prevent generation of byproducts or a deterioration in the physical properties of a polythiol composition that may be caused by active oxygen during storage thereof by way of controlling the content of active oxygen in the polythiol composition after the synthesis of the polythiol. As a result, it is possible to enhance the long-term storage stability of a polythiol composition after it has been synthesized until it is used in the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation of a thioether-based polythiol in a high purity using a metal monosulfide for the incorporation of a thioether group, wherein the content of such components as a metal polysulfide present in the metal monosulfide is controlled to a predetermined level or lower. As a result, an optical lens of high quality with a high refractive index can be produced using the polythiol.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition for a plastic lens. The polymerizable composition for a plastic lens according to the embodiment comprises a nonhalogenated tin-based catalyst and a diketone compound as a low-temperature reaction rate controlling agent. Accordingly, the polymerizable composition has a more stable pot life so that the polymerization rate can be appropriately controlled, thereby improving the reactivity and the workability, and that the generation of bubbles are prevented, thereby improving the transparency of the resin.

Abstract: A separator for secondary batteries is disclosed. The separator includes a separator main body and a coating layer disposed on the separator main body and including a first particle having a first melting point and a second particle having a second melting point that is higher than the first melting point.