Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode for the lithium secondary battery includes: a first layer including a first lithium metal sheet; a second layer formed on a top surface of the first layer and including a second lithium metal sheet and a negative electrode collector surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the second lithium metal sheet; and a third layer formed on a top surface of the second layer and including a third lithium metal sheet.

Abstract: Microorganisms for lowering blood ammonia level and composition for protecting neuronal cells containing the same, particularly relates to microbes or a symbiotic pair that has a neuroprotective function by lowering blood ammonia levels or reducing ammonia levels in the body and composition for protecting neuronal cells comprising the microbes. The microorganisms having a neuroprotective function by lowering the blood ammonia level can be selected from the group that include, but not limited to, a Lactobacillus sp. strain and a Streptococcus sp. strain. The ammonia removal strains and the composition have a neuroprotective effect by their excellent ability to remove neurotoxic ammonia, and thus can be widely used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for hyperammonemia and neurological diseases caused thereby.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus comprises a wafer stage, a cable configured to be bent as the wafer stage moves, a first support configured to prevent the cable from sagging, and to support the cable to maintain a bent state of the cable when the cable moves, a first rail installed on a first side of the cable, and including curved track extending in a direction from a lower portion of the cable toward an upper portion of the cable, wherein the first rail includes a concave first surface, a second rail installed on a second side of the cable opposite the first side of the cable, and including curved track extending in the direction from the lower portion of the cable toward the upper portion of the cable, wherein the second rail includes a concave second surface.

Abstract: A method of preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode active material prepared from the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method includes inputting a first reaction source material including a first aqueous transition metal solution into a reactor, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce nucleation of a first positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce growth of the same, inputting a second reaction source material including a second aqueous transition metal solution into the reactor containing the first positive electrode active material precursor particle, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce the nucleation of a second positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce simultaneous growth of the first and second positive electrode active material precursor particles, thereby preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: oral nanoparticles for enabling oral administration of a bioactive compound which is typically administered by injection due to having low bioavailability attributable to issues with solubility, disintegration in the digestive tract, and intestinal permeability; a method of formulating the oral nanoparticles; and a use of the oral nanoparticles. In addition, the present invention relates to: oral nanoparticles capable of maintaining or protecting the balance in the gut microbiome by minimizing the exposure of the gut microbiome to a bioactive compound; a formulation; and a use of same.

Abstract: A method of preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode active material prepared from the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method includes inputting a first reaction source material including a first aqueous transition metal solution into a reactor, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce nucleation of a first positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce growth of the same, inputting a second reaction source material including a second aqueous transition metal solution into the reactor containing the first positive electrode active material precursor particle, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce the nucleation of a second positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce simultaneous growth of the first and second positive electrode active material precursor particles, thereby preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to gut microbes resistant against infectious diseases and uses thereof. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microbes resistant against infectious diseases, which provide a preventive or therapeutic effect on infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and relates to uses of the gut microbes. The gut microbes resistant are characterized in that they are selected from the group consisting of Oribacterium species JBO3-101 (accession number KACC 81250BP) and Ruminococcus species JBR5-501 (accession number KACC 81249BP). The gut microbes according to the present disclosure have the effect of rendering the host resistant to infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms when the microbes are ingested.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a capacitor module including a capacitor device, a first busbar electrically connected with a thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device and having a first lead terminal on an exposed side, a second busbar electrically connected with the other thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device and having a second lead terminal on an exposed side, and an insulating sheet disposed between the first busbar and the second busbar to insulate an overlap region; a plastic case having a 3D space formed by four sides and a bottom to accommodate the capacitor module and having an open top; a metallic external wall is formed outside one side of the four sides or the bottom of the plastic case; and a filler permeating in a gel or fluid state into the space between the capacitor module and inner walls of the plastic case.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochemical device forming a chip-capacitor or a super-capacitor. The electrochemical device includes: a ceramic substrate having a nonconductive ceramic layer, a current collecting layer disposed on a nonconductive ceramic layer and made of ceramic or cermet, and a metal layer arranged on outer surfaces of the nonconductive ceramic layer and the current collecting layer; an electrode having a positive electrode and a negative electrode and formed on the current collecting layer; and a nonconductive ceramic packaging module located on the ceramic substrate to accommodate electrolyte therein, wherein the metal layer is exposed to the outside of the nonconductive ceramic packaging module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sensitizing composition for thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves and a method of treating cancer using the composition. The sensitizing composition includes a metal ion, a metal ion-bound material, metal ion-noncovalently bound apotransferrin (transferrin), or a metal ion-noncovalently bound apotransferrin derivative. The sensitizing composition enables selective delivery of the metal ion to tumorous tissue when administered in vivo, and thus the generation of heat in tumorous tissue in which the metal ion accumulates is increased upon thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves, thereby maximizing efficacy of thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves in treating cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a case molding including: a plastic case having an accommodation chamber formed by four sides and a bottom to accommodate the capacitor module, and having an open side on the top for filling a molding agent; a capacitor module including a capacitor device, a first busbar electrically connected with a thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device, a second busbar electrically connected with the other thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor, and an insulating sheet disposed between the first busbar and the second busbar; a filler permeating in a gel or fluid state into the space between the capacitor module and inner walls of the plastic case, and then hardened therein; and a horizontal plate part positioned over the capacitor module and the filler, and has a horizontal plate integrated thereto with the bottom pressing the filler.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrolyte solution for a lithium-sulfur battery comprising a first solvent comprising a heterocyclic compound containing one or more double bonds and at the same time, containing any one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom; a second solvent comprising at least one of an ether-based compound, an ester-based compound, an amide-based compound, and a carbonate-based compound; lithium salt; lithium nitrate; and borate-based lithium salt, and a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the same.

Abstract: A method of preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode active material prepared from the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method includes inputting a first reaction source material including a first aqueous transition metal solution into a reactor, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce nucleation of a first positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce growth of the same, inputting a second reaction source material including a second aqueous transition metal solution into the reactor containing the first positive electrode active material precursor particle, precipitating at pH 12 or more to induce the nucleation of a second positive electrode active material precursor particle, and at less than pH 12 to induce simultaneous growth of the first and second positive electrode active material precursor particles, thereby preparing a bimodal positive electrode active material precursor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sensitizing composition for thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves and a method of treating cancer using the composition. The sensitizing composition includes a metal ion, a metal ion-bound material, metal ion-noncovalently bound apotransferrin (transferrin), or a metal ion-noncovalently bound apotransferrin derivative. The sensitizing composition enables selective delivery of the metal ion to tumorous tissue when administered in vivo, and thus the generation of heat in tumorous tissue in which the metal ion accumulates is increased upon thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves, thereby maximizing efficacy of thermal cancer therapy using electromagnetic waves in treating cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a case molding including: a plastic case having an accommodation chamber formed by four sides and a bottom to accommodate the capacitor module, and having an open side on the top for filling a molding agent; a capacitor module including a capacitor device, a first busbar electrically connected with a thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device, a second busbar electrically connected with the other thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor, and an insulating sheet disposed between the first busbar and the second busbar; a filler permeating in a gel or fluid state into the space between the capacitor module and inner walls of the plastic case, and then hardened therein; and a horizontal plate part positioned over the capacitor module and the filler, and has a horizontal plate integrated thereto with the bottom pressing the filler.

Abstract: A capacitor comprises: a capacitor module including a capacitor device, a first busbar electrically connected with a thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device and having a first lead terminal on an exposed side, a second busbar electrically connected with the other thermally-sprayed surface of the capacitor device and having a second lead terminal on an exposed side, and an insulating sheet disposed between the first busbar and the second busbar to insulate an overlap region; a plastic case having a 3D space formed by four sides and a bottom to accommodate the capacitor module and having an open top; a metallic external wall is formed outside one side of the four sides or the bottom of the plastic case; and a filler permeating in a gel or fluid state into the space between the capacitor module and inner walls of the plastic case.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light generator includes a collector including a first focus and a second focus, a droplet feeder configured to provide a source droplet toward the first focus of the collector, a laser generator configured to irradiate a laser toward the first focus of the collector, an airflow controller between the first focus and the second focus of the collector, the airflow controller having a ring shape, and the airflow controller including at least one slit, and a first part and a second part hinged to each other, and a control gas feeder configured to provide a control gas towards the at least one slit of the airflow controller.

Abstract: Microorganisms for lowering blood ammonia level and composition for protecting neuronal cells containing the same, particularly relates to microbes or a symbiotic pair that has a neuroprotective function by lowering blood ammonia levels or reducing ammonia levels in the body and composition for protecting neuronal cells comprising the microbes. The microorganisms having a neuroprotective function by lowering the blood ammonia level can be selected from the group that include, but not limited to, a Lactobacillus sp. strain and a Streptococcus sp. strain. The ammonia removal strains and the composition have a neuroprotective effect by their excellent ability to remove neurotoxic ammonia, and thus can be widely used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for hyperammonemia and neurological diseases caused thereby.

Abstract: A clustering method includes configuring a network with clustering target objects; collecting significance of the clustering target objects; performing network embedding for outputting a set of vectors representing neighboring objects of the clustering target objects constituting the network using a neural network; and performing clustering on the clustering target objects using the set of vectors and information on each of the clustering target objects, wherein the neural network is trained so that neighboring objects having high significance are output with higher probability.

Abstract: A non-naturally occurring chimeric polypeptide having an activity provided by a TGF-beta family member is disclosed. The chimeric polypeptide of an embodiment comprises two or more domains or fragments from parental TGF-beta proteins operably linked such that the resulting polypeptide is capable of modulating a pathway associated with a TGF-beta family member. In one embodiment, the pathway is a SMAD or DAXX pathway.