Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle including a communication system for a disabled person may include: a motion capture unit that recognizes sign language of a passenger of the vehicle; an input unit that receives a voice or characters from the passenger; a database that stores sign language information; a control unit that is communicatively coupled to the motion capture unit and the input unit, the control unit being configured to translate the sign language recognized by the motion capture unit using the sign language information stored in the database, and to convert a voice received through the input unit into characters; and an output unit that is communicatively coupled to the control unit, the output unit being configured to output the sign language translated by the control unit as a voice or characters, and to output the voice converted by the control unit as characters.

Abstract: A warning system for a hearing-impaired person of a vehicle includes: a sound sensing unit disposed at a vehicle to sense sound outside of the vehicle; a database storing characteristic information of a plurality of specific sounds and visual information corresponding to the characteristic information of the plurality of specific sounds; an output unit outputting visual information corresponding to the plurality of specific sounds; and a controller extracting characteristic information of the sound sensed by the sound sensing units. In particular, the controller determines a type of the sensed sound by comparing the extracted characteristic information of the sensed sound with the characteristic information of the plurality of specific sounds stored in the database, and outputs visual information corresponding to the determined type of the sensed sound through the output unit.

Abstract: A warning system for a hearing-impaired person of a vehicle includes: a sound sensing unit disposed at a vehicle to sense sound outside of the vehicle; a database storing characteristic information of a plurality of specific sounds and visual information corresponding to the characteristic information of the plurality of specific sounds; an output unit outputting visual information corresponding to the plurality of specific sounds; and a controller extracting characteristic information of the sound sensed by the sound sensing units. In particular, the controller determines a type of the sensed sound by comparing the extracted characteristic information of the sensed sound with the characteristic information of the plurality of specific sounds stored in the database, and outputs visual information corresponding to the determined type of the sensed sound through the output unit.

Abstract: A vehicle including a communication system for a disabled person may include: a motion capture unit that recognizes sign language of a passenger of the vehicle; an input unit that receives a voice or characters from the passenger; a database that stores sign language information; a control unit that is communicatively coupled to the motion capture unit and the input unit, the control unit being configured to translate the sign language recognized by the motion capture unit using the sign language information stored in the database, and to convert a voice received through the input unit into characters; and an output unit that is communicatively coupled to the control unit, the output unit being configured to output the sign language translated by the control unit as a voice or characters, and to output the voice converted by the control unit as characters.

Abstract: There are provided a device-to-device communication method, a mobile device using the same, and a device-to-device communication control method. The device-to-device communication method according to the invention may include receiving device-to-device communication resource allocation information and transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication from a base station, and performing direct communication with an opposite terminal using the transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication and the device-to-device communication resource allocation information, in which the transmission characteristics information includes the number of redundancy versions to be transmitted within at least one consecutive transmission time interval (TTI).

Abstract: Provided is a link adaptation transmission and reception method in device-to-device (D2D) communication based on cellular mobile communication. An operation method of a terminal in the link adaptation method according to the present invention includes receiving information related to a first transmission through a D2D link, performing transmission for an opposite terminal using the information related to the first transmission, and determining information related to a second transmission after the transmission based on reception from the opposite terminal. Using the link adaptation method according to the present invention, an adaptive modulation and coding scheme may be provided at the time of data transmission on a D2D link while minimizing control of a base station, thereby reducing the complexity of a cellular network due to the D2D communication.

Abstract: A method for setting synchronization between terminals performing device-to-device (D2D) communication based on a cellular communication system is disclosed. The method for setting synchronization between terminals includes receiving a message instructing synchronization setting with an opposite terminal from a base station, selecting a first preamble transmitted for a synchronization setting with the opposite terminal based on the message instructing synchronization setting, transmitting the selected first preamble to the opposite terminal, receiving a second preamble from the opposite terminal, and setting the synchronization with the opposite terminal using a reception timing of the second preamble when the second preamble is a preamble designated in the message instructing synchronization setting.

Abstract: A method of providing service continuity between cellular communication and device-to-device communication is disclosed. A procedure for switching between cellular communication and device-to-device communication according to an example embodiment of the present invention may include transferring, by a gateway, a D2D bearer creation request message to an MME, transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation request message to a base station, mapping, by the base station, D2D bearer QoS to D2D radio bearer QoS and transmitting an RRC connection reconfiguration message to terminals, receiving, by the base station, an RRC connection reconfiguration completion message indicating creation of a D2D radio bearer from the terminals, transmitting, by the base station, a D2D bearer creation response message indicating creation of a D2D bearer to the MME, and transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation response message to the gateway.

Abstract: Disclosed is an advertising service method using D2D communication for efficiently using limited radio resources and control channel resources. The advertising service method includes setting a D2D common bearer with a network, receiving advertising terminal information from at least one other advertising terminal through the D2D common bearer, registering the advertising terminal in the network, transmitting advertising information to the at least one other advertising terminal and a user terminal through the D2D common bearer, and setting a user terminal and a D2D dedicated bearer on the basis of information received from the network. Accordingly, an advertisement can be easily transmitted to a plurality of user terminals which were not previously connected, and a collision between advertising terminals which are located in plurality in a specific area and transmit advertisements can be avoided.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for super high frequency (SHF)/extremely high frequency (EHF) band wireless transmission on a multi-level configuration. The apparatus may include a list managing unit to receive and manage a first list associated with an SHF/EHF band signal from a terminal connected to a wireless network, a path finding unit to select a path having a communication quality value greater than or equal to a first threshold value by referring to the first list, and a scheduling unit to schedule available SHF/EHF band radio resources for the selected path.

Abstract: A method for setting synchronization between terminals performing device-to-device (D2D) communication based on a cellular communication system is disclosed. The method for setting synchronization between terminals includes receiving a message instructing synchronization setting with an opposite terminal from a base station, selecting a first preamble transmitted for a synchronization setting with the opposite terminal based on the message instructing synchronization setting, transmitting the selected first preamble to the opposite terminal, receiving a second preamble from the opposite terminal, and setting the synchronization with the opposite terminal using a reception timing of the second preamble when the second preamble is a preamble designated in the message instructing synchronization setting.

Abstract: An array substrate of an LCD having: a gate line formed along a first direction; a data line formed along a second direction crossing the first direction; first and second pixel electrodes spaced apart from each other; a thin-film transistor includes a gate electrode connected to the gate line; a source electrode connected to the data line and partially overlapping the second pixel electrode; and a drain electrode connected to the first pixel electrode spaced apart from the second pixel electrode along the second direction. The source electrode or the gate electrode overlaps the second pixel electrode but the drain electrode does not overlap the second pixel electrode. Electrical coupling between the first and second pixel electrodes are avoided with such configuration.

Abstract: A scan driver drives a display device having a plurality of gate lines transferring scan signals, and a plurality of source lines transferring data signals. The scan driver includes a shift register and a multiple signal applying unit. The shift register includes a plurality of cascade-connected stages, each stage having an output terminal electrically connected to a respective one of the plurality of gate lines. The multiple signal applying unit applies a sub scan signal and a main scan signal. The sub scan signal and the main scan signal sequentially activate each of the plurality of gate lines. Therefore, the scan lines receive the scan signal twice, so that the liquid crystal capacitors electrically connected to the gate lines receive the data voltage twice. As a result, even though the time for charging the liquid crystal capacitors may be reduced, the liquid crystal capacitors may be fully charged to enhance display quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is an advertising service method using D2D communication for efficiently using limited radio resources and control channel resources. The advertising service method includes setting a D2D common bearer with a network, receiving advertising terminal information from at least one other advertising terminal through the D2D common bearer, registering the advertising terminal in the network, transmitting advertising information to the at least one other advertising terminal and a user terminal through the D2D common bearer, and setting a user terminal and a D2D dedicated bearer on the basis of information received from the network. Accordingly, an advertisement can be easily transmitted to a plurality of user terminals which were not previously connected, and a collision between advertising terminals which are located in plurality in a specific area and transmit advertisements can be avoided.

Abstract: A method for discovery in device-to-device communications and an apparatus for the same are disclosed. The method performed in a device-to-device server supporting device-to-device discovery between a discovery terminal and a discoverable terminal may include receiving a device-to-device discovery participation message from the discoverable terminal, requesting a gateway to measure a proximity between the discovery terminal and the discoverable terminal, receiving a proximity measurement result from the gateway, and requesting the discovery terminal and the discoverable terminal to initiate a procedure of device-to-device discovery when the proximity measurement result satisfies a predetermined threshold. Thus, the procedure of device-to-device discovery may be performed efficiently.

Abstract: A method of providing service continuity between cellular communication and device-to-device communication is disclosed. A procedure for switching between cellular communication and device-to-device communication according to an example embodiment of the present invention may include transferring, by a gateway, a D2D bearer creation request message to an MME, transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation request message to a base station, mapping, by the base station, D2D bearer QoS to D2D radio bearer QoS and transmitting an RRC connection reconfiguration message to terminals, receiving, by the base station, an RRC connection reconfiguration completion message indicating creation of a D2D radio bearer from the terminals, transmitting, by the base station, a D2D bearer creation response message indicating creation of a D2D bearer to the MME, and transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation response message to the gateway.

Abstract: There are provided a device-to-device communication method, a mobile device using the same, and a device-to-device communication control method. The device-to-device communication method according to the invention may include receiving device-to-device communication resource allocation information and transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication from a base station, and performing direct communication with an opposite terminal using the transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication and the device-to-device communication resource allocation information, in which the transmission characteristics information includes the number of redundancy versions to be transmitted within at least one consecutive transmission time interval (TTI).

Abstract: Provided is a link adaptation transmission and reception method in device-to-device (D2D) communication based on cellular mobile communication. An operation method of a terminal in the link adaptation method according to the present invention includes receiving information related to a first transmission through a D2D link, performing transmission for an opposite terminal using the information related to the first transmission, and determining information related to a second transmission after the transmission based on reception from the opposite terminal. Using the link adaptation method according to the present invention, an adaptive modulation and coding scheme may be provided at the time of data transmission on a D2D link while minimizing control of a base station, thereby reducing the complexity of a cellular network due to the D2D communication.

Abstract: A display panel and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The display panel includes: a first substrate, a touch spacer formed on a first substrate, a common electrode formed on the touch spacer, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, a sensing electrode facing the touch spacer on the second substrate and an alignment layer on the sensing electrode or the touch spacer, wherein the alignment layer has a thickness equal to or less than 500 ?.