Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell includes: a first electrode having a first side and a second side substantially parallel to the first side; a plurality of walls partitioning an interior of the first electrode into a plurality of flow channels extending through the first electrode, wherein a first wall of the walls extends from the first side to a center portion of the second side and a second wall of the walls extends from the first side to the center portion of the second side; a current collector adjacent a center portion of the first side or the center portion of the second side; a second electrode partially surrounding the first electrode; and an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A method of forming a stereoscopic liquid crystal display comprises providing an LCD panel, the LCD panel having a display area and a non-display area; disposing a lenticular plate on the LCD panel wherein a space is defined between a surface of the LCD panel and a surface of the lenticular plate; forming a seal between the surface of the LCD panel and the surface of the lenticular plate, the seal formed around the perimeter of the display area; forming a hole in the lenticular plate, the hole providing an air conduit that communicates with the space between the surface of the LCD panel and the surface of the lenticular plate; evacuating air from between the space; and filling the hole with a finishing material to maintain the vacuum between the lenticular plate and the LCD panel.

Abstract: A stereoscopic liquid crystal display includes an LCD panel with an upper substrate, a lower substrate disposed opposite the upper substrate, and a liquid crystal material between the upper and lower substrates. A lenticular plate is disposed above the LCD panel. An hole is formed in the lenticular plate. The hole provides and air conduit that communicates in a space between a surface of the LCD panel and a surface of the lenticular plate. The hole is configured to facilitate evacuation of air from the space between LCD panel and the lenticular plate. A sealant material is disposed in a predetermined pattern between the surfaces of the LCD panel and the lenticular plate. Air is evacuated through the hole and a vacuum is formed in the space between the LCD panel and the lenticular plate. The vacuum minimizes or eliminates a gap between the surfaces of the LCD panel and the lenticular plate.

Abstract: A 3-dimensional display device includes a display panel for displaying image; a backlight for supplying light to the display panel; a light scattering control unit between the display panel and the backlight to scatter or transmit the light from the backlight; and a light control film over the backlight to reflect and focus the light from the backlight.

Abstract: 3-dimensional display device includes a display panel for displaying image; a backlight for supplying light to the display panel; and a switching liquid crystal panel between the display panel and the backlight to display 2-dimensional image and 3-dimensional image by blocking and transmitting the light from the backlight in part area, the switching liquid crystal panel being divided a plurality of regions to display respectively the 2-dimensional image and the 3-dimensional image in each regions.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell including a unit cell formed into a structure in which a first electrode, an electrolytic layer and a second electrode are sequentially stacked is disclosed. The unit cell of solid oxide fuel cell may include a plurality of contact grooves formed on an outer circumferential surface of the second electrode and may include current collectors respectively mounted on and in surface contact with the contact grooves of the second electrode. The current collectors may be symmetrically arranged with respect to the center axis of the unit cell. Current collection efficiency may thus be enhanced. Further, current collectors may be shared by adjacent unit cells, so that it is possible to manufacture a stack with excellent economical efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling apparatus including a non-freezing apparatus which can be installed in a refrigerating chamber or a refrigerating chamber door and stably store food in a non-frozen state. A cooling apparatus includes a freezing chamber, a refrigerating chamber, a freezing chamber door, a refrigerating chamber door, and a non-freezing apparatus installed in the refrigerating chamber or the refrigerating chamber door and storing food in a non-frozen state. In the non-freezing apparatus, since a lower space is cooled by the cool air introduced from the freezing chamber and an upper space is cooled by the atmosphere of the refrigerating chamber, it is possible to reduce a heating value of a heater which is operated to maintain the temperature of the upper space to be higher than that of the lower space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling apparatus including a non-freezing apparatus which can stably store a liquid in a container in a supercooled state by maintaining an upper space receiving an upper portion of the container at a higher temperature than a lower space receiving a lower portion of the container. A cooling apparatus includes a cooling space, a door opening and closing the cooling space, and a non-freezing apparatus installed in the cooling space or the door, an upper space thereof being maintained in a higher temperature region than a lower space thereof. The non-freezing apparatus of the cooling apparatus includes a separation film formed between the upper space of a high temperature and the lower space of a low temperature and limiting the heat exchange between the upper space and the lower space, thereby stably maintaining the liquid in the supercooled state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling apparatus with a passage therein to introduce the cool air from a cooling space into a non-freezing apparatus to cool a lower space of the non-freezing apparatus. A cooling apparatus includes a cooling space supplied with the cool air, a non-freezing apparatus installed in the cooling space and storing food in a non-frozen state, a cooling passage for introducing the cool air from the cooling space into the non-freezing apparatus, and a discharge passage for discharging the flow from the non-freezing apparatus to the cooling space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator which can maintain and store a stored object in various states. The refrigerator includes a non-freezing apparatus having a storage room with a storing space composed of an upper space and a lower space, the air or heat exchange being limited between the upper space and the lower space, and a temperature control unit controlling the temperature of the upper space and the lower space. The non-freezing apparatus is installed in a storing space in which the cooling is performed and controls the temperature control unit to perform at least one of a process of maintaining a temperature-control start temperature region and a process of maintaining a supercooling temperature region which is lower than the temperature-control start temperature region, thus storing the storing space or the stored object in a state caused by the performed process.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) includes: a first substrate and a second substrate, a plurality of barrier ribs disposed between the substrates to define discharge cells and including single walled barrier ribs and double walled barrier ribs, a plurality of discharge electrodes disposed on portions of the panel corresponding to the barrier ribs to supply a discharge voltage to the discharge cells, and phosphor layers formed in the discharge cells. The barrier ribs include single wall barrier ribs and double wall barrier ribs. The discharge electrodes disposed on the single wall barrier ribs are commonly used to generate a discharge in the adjacent discharge cells, and thus, discharge areas can be extended. Also, since the discharge spaces of the discharge cells are asymmetrically formed, the brightness of discharge cells that have a relatively low brightness can be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercooling recognition method and a supercooling apparatus which can rapidly and precisely judge whether a stored object is maintained in a supercooled state on the basis of a temperature thereof. A supercooling recognition method according to the present invention includes the steps of: cooling a stored object to below a temperature of a maximum ice crystal formation zone thereof; and judging whether the stored object is maintained in a supercooled state on the basis of a temperature thereof during the cooling step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercooling apparatus which maintains an object and liquid in a supercooled state. According to the present invention, a supercooling apparatus includes a cooling chamber supplied with cool air, and a heating device (100) for preventing freezing of water by heating air over a container (200) storing an object or liquid and cooled in the cooling chamber. In this configuration, the air over the container (200) where ice crystals are easily formed is heated to prevent freezing of water stored in the container (200) and store water in a supercooled state.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) with improved luminous efficiency includes: a rear substrate; a front substrate facing the rear substrate; a plurality of barrier ribs interposed between the front and rear substrates and partitioning a plurality of discharge cells; a plurality of sustain electrode pairs arranged separate from each other on the front substrate facing the rear substrate, each pair of sustain electrodes including an X electrode and an Y electrode; and a front dielectric layer covering the sustain electrode pairs and having at least two grooves in each of the discharge cells; a distance between the X and Y electrodes of each sustain electrode pair is greater than a height of the barrier ribs.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for supercooling which can stably maintain a liquid in a supercooled state at below a phase transition temperature. The apparatus for supercooling, which can maintain a supercooled state of a liquid or contents even below a phase transition temperature, comprises: a storage space for storing a container accommodating a liquid or contents containing the liquid; a cooling means for cooling the liquid or contents or the storage space below the phase transition temperature of the liquid or the contents; and a temperature maintaining unit for applying energy to the surface of the liquid or contents or to a gas near the surface, wherein the liquid or the contents are maintained in a supercooled state by preventing freezing nuclei from being formed on the surface of the liquid or contents or in the gas near the surface by application of energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercooling method and a supercooling apparatus which can maintain an object in a supercooled state. According to the present invention, a supercooling method includes a first cooling step of cooling a stored object toward a cooling temperature below a phase transition temperature thereof, a step of judging whether the stored object is released from a supercooled state in the first cooling step, a step of thawing the stored object when the stored object is released from the supercooled state, and a second cooling step of cooling the stored object toward a cooling temperature below zero that is higher than the lowest temperature of the stored object before the release of the supercooled state, wherein the first cooling step is continuously performed when the object is maintained in the supercooled state.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) that reduces a discharge voltage includes: a substrate; pairs of sustain electrodes arranged on the substrate; and a dielectric layer covering the pairs of sustain electrodes, the dielectric layer having grooves and the grooves having a plurality of protrusions arranged thereon.

Abstract: A plasma display panel including common and scanning electrodes arranged on a first substrate. A first dielectric layer covers the common electrodes and the scanning electrodes, and it includes groove shaped field concentration units. The width of end parts of a field concentration unit is greater than the width of the central part of the field concentration unit.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma display panel (PDP). The PDP includes first and second substrates which face each other with a predetermined gap, barrier ribs which are disposed between the first and second substrates and define discharge cells, discharge electrodes which are disposed between the first and second substrates and have different widths, phosphor layers which are formed in the discharge cells, and colored layers which colors the phosphor layers of the discharge cells. Specifically, a red colored layer colors the red phosphor layer and a blue colored layer colors the blue phosphor layers, while the green phosphor layers are not colored.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided having a front and rear substrates. Barrier ribs extend between the front and rear substrates to form discharge cells. First and second electrodes are on the front substrate and extend in a first direction and face each other in respective discharge cells to form a discharge gap. A dielectric layer covers the first and second electrodes. A phosphor layer is formed in each of the discharge cells. The barrier ribs have first barrier rib portions that extend in the first direction and second barrier rib portions that extend in a second direction crossing the first direction. The first electrodes extend over the first barrier rib portions and pairs of the second electrodes extend along each side of the first electrodes and protrude into the respective discharge cells to the discharge gap.