Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel electrode including a substrate and a nanoporous metallic catalyst layer, characterized in that the metallic catalyst layer includes open interconnected 3D nanopores, and the pore and the pore connections have a size suitable for allowing hydrocarbons having alcohol groups to pass through the interconnected pores so that they react in contact with the surface of the catalyst by confined molecular dynamics. Further, the present invention provides a compartmentless fuel cell electrode pair including the fuel electrode of the present invention; and a polymer membrane-coated oxygen electrode into which a catalyst layer is introduced onto the substrate and which blocks the hydrocarbons having alcohol groups as a fuel molecule and allows the diffusion of oxygen molecules.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical film and a preparation method thereof. The optical film comprises a base layer, a plurality of polymer particles disposed in the base layer, and voids formed in the base layer and enclosing the respective polymer particles, wherein the polymer particles comprise a crosslinked polymer. The optical film has uniform voids, enhanced processing and dimensional stabilities, as well as improved optical properties such as whiteness, hiding power, reflectance and the like. Thus, the optical film can be useful for a reflector sheet for a BLU of an LCD device, and the like.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus is provided. The imaging apparatus includes an imager configured to record an external image, a region determiner configured to divide a recorded previous image frame and a recorded current image frame into pluralities of regions, calculate a moving direction and a distance of each of the plurality of regions in the current image frame corresponding to each of the plurality of regions in the previous image frame, and determine a background and an object by applying a preset background model and object model based on the calculated moving direction and distance, and a posture determiner configured to determine body parts of the determined object based on a body part model, and determine a posture of the object by combining the determined body parts.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention generally relate to approaches for forming a semiconductor device such as a TSV device having a “buffer zone” or gap layer between the TSV and transistor(s). The gap layer is typically filled with a low stress thin film fill material that controls stresses and crack formation on the devices. Further, the gap layer ensures a certain spatial distance between TSVs and transistors to reduce the adverse effects of temperature excursion.

Abstract: There is provided a method for recognizing a user context using multimodal sensors, and the method includes classifying accelerometer data by extracting candidates for movement feature from the accelerometer data collected from an accelerometer, selecting one or more movement features from the extracted candidates for movement feature based on relevance and redundancy thereof, and then inferring a user's movement type based on the selected movement features using a first time-series probability model; classifying audio data by extracting surrounding features from the audio data collected from an audio sensor and inferring the user's surrounding type based on the extracted surrounding features; and recognizing a user context by recognizing the user context based on either of the movement type or the surrounding type.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to detect a dead pixel in an image sensor having a pixel array to generate a plurality of image frames, and a method and apparatus to capture an image from the image sensor detect a dead pixel in the image sensor. A change of a scene of the image frames is sensed, and a detection operation to detect a dead pixel in the pixel array is performed if the change of the scene is sensed.

Abstract: A method of recognizing an activity on the basis of a semi-Markov conditional random field (CRF) model is provided. The method includes segmenting an input signal measured by an accelerometer to output frame sequences, extracting training feature vectors from the frame sequences, building a codebook containing kernel vectors from the training feature vectors; quantizing vector sequences into discrete symbol sequences, using linear chain semi-Markov CRF model to compute the likelihood of a label given its corresponding symbol sequence.

Abstract: A biodegradable biaxially oriented laminated film of the present invention comprising at least one first resin layer and at least one second resin layer which are alternately laminated together, the first and second resin layers containing as major components a polylactic acid-based polymer and an aromatic polyester-based resin, respectively, exhibits improved biodegradability, flexibility, gas-barrier property and heat-resistance, which is useful for environmentally friendly packaging.

Abstract: Polishing apparatus and related methods employ aligned first and second magnetic field sources to adjust the compressive force and/or pressure applied by a carrier head against a target workpiece (such as a wafer) by selectively and controllably generating a repellant or attractive force between the two magnetic field sources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to detect a dead pixel in an image sensor having a pixel array to generate a plurality of image frames, and a method and apparatus to capture an image from the image sensor detect a dead pixel in the image sensor. A change of a scene of the image frames is sensed, and a detection operation to detect a dead pixel in the pixel array is performed if the change of the scene is sensed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fusion protein which delivers a functional protein or peptide into a cell at enhanced efficiency. The fusion protein of the present invention is a transduction domain-target protein-transduction domain fusion protein, wherein the transduction domain, which comprises 6-12 amino acid residues whose more than ¾ consist of arginine or lysine residues, is covalently bonded to each of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends of the target protein. Green fluorescence protein and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutate (SOD) are used as the target protein.

Abstract: A retainer ring configured to reduce heat generated during a polishing process may include a heat absorbing element, a thermoelectric element, and a heat dissipating element. A polishing head configured to polish a wafer may include a wafer carrier, a retainer ring, and a cooling element. A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus including a polishing pad formed on a platen and a polishing head including a retainer ring.

Abstract: A retainer ring configured to reduce heat generated during a polishing process may include a heat absorbing element, a thermoelectric element, and a heat dissipating element. A polishing head configured to polish a wafer may include a wafer carrier, a retainer ring, and a cooling element. A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus including a polishing pad formed on a platen and a polishing head including a retainer ring.

Abstract: Polishing apparatus and related methods employ aligned first and second magnetic field sources to adjust the compressive force and/or pressure applied by a carrier head against a target workpiece (such as a wafer) by selectively and controllably generating a repellant or attractive force between the two magnetic field sources.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fusion protein which delivers a functional protein or peptide into a cell at enhanced efficiency. The fusion protein of the present invention is a transduction domain-target protein-transduction domain fusion protein, wherein the transduction domain, which comprises 6-12 amino acid residues whose more than ¾ consist of arginine or lysine residues, is covalently bonded to each of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends of the target protein. Green fluorescence protein and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutate (SOD) are used as the target protein.

Abstract: Polishing apparatus and related methods employ aligned first and second magnetic field sources to adjust the compressive force and/or pressure applied by a carrier head against a target workpiece (such as a wafer) by selectively and controllably generating a repellant or attractive force between the two magnetic field sources.

Abstract: A pipe damping device including a damping member for reducing vibration of a pipe. The damping member includes a body, a pipe insertion bore formed in the body for the insertion of the pipe, and one or more specimen insertion bores formed in the body, into which one or more specimens, having different masses, are inserted, respectively.

Abstract: A pipe fixing device comprising a plurality of pipes, for conducting liquid or gas, arranged to cross each other, and a fixing member for fixing the plurality of pipes. The fixing member comprises a plurality of pipe fixing bores, and a plurality of fitting bores for the fitting of bands used to tighten the pipes. The present invention can secure not only easy insertion of the pipes arranged to cross each other, but also enhancement in a coupling force of the pipes through the use of the tightening bands, resulting in stable and reliable fixation of the pipes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a computer including a basic input output system (BIOS) memory in which a BIOS for testing and controlling each component of the computer system at the time when power is supplied to the system and a control method thereof. The computer includes an sound command signal unit provided in the BIOS memory, generating a sound command signal according to a system state of the computer, a booting sound memory in which sound data is stored, and a booting sound controller for outputting the sound data in the booting sound memory to a speaker according to the sound command signal. Accordingly, even though a sound drive is not installed in the system, the computer can output a sound and a message in order to indicate the state of the computer, such as an initial booting, termination of a system and release of a power saving mode.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for polishing a Cu metal layer and a method for forming Cu metal wiring, Cu oxide created by a surface oxidation of a Cu metal layer is removed from the wafer. The Cu metal layer, in which Cu oxide is removed, is polished. By polishing the Cu metal layer using the above method, process failures, such as scratches, caused by the presence of remnants of Cu oxide during subsequent polishing can be prevented.