Abstract: A method for motion estimation is provided that includes determining a first motion vector for a first child coding unit (CU) of a parent CU and a second motion vector for a second child CU of the parent CU, wherein the first child CU, the second child CU, and the parent CU are in a CU hierarchy, wherein the first and second child CUs are smallest size CUs in the CU hierarchy, and wherein a first motion search type is used to determine the first motion vector and the second motion vector, selecting the first and second motion vectors as candidate predictors for the parent CU, selecting a predictor for a prediction unit (PU) of the first parent CU from the candidate predictors, and refining the predictor using a second motion search type to determine a motion vector for the PU.

Abstract: A vertical-type memory device includes a plurality of gate electrodes stacked on a substrate; and a vertical channel structure penetrating through the plurality of gate electrodes in a first direction, perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate. The vertical channel structure includes a channel extending in the first direction, a first filling film that partially fills an internal space of the channel, a first liner on at least a portion of an upper surface of the first filling film and an upper internal side wall of the channel extending beyond the first filling film away from the substrate. The first liner includes n-type impurities. The vertical channel structure includes a second filling film on at least a portion of the first liner, and a pad on the second filling film and in contact with the first liner.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method and an encoder for SSIM-based bits allocation. The encoder includes a memory and a processor utilized for allocating bits based on SSIM, wherein the processor estimates the model parameter of SSIM-based distortion model for the current picture and determines allocates bits based on the SSIM estimation.

Abstract: Several systems and methods for intra-prediction estimation of video pictures are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes accessing four ‘N×N’ pixel blocks comprising luma-related pixels. The four ‘N×N’ pixel blocks collectively configure a ‘2N×2N’ pixel block. A first pre-determined number of candidate luma intra-prediction modes is accessed for each of the four ‘N×N’ pixel blocks. A presence of one or more luma intra-prediction modes that are common among the candidate luma intra-prediction modes of at least two of the four ‘N×N’ pixel blocks is identified. The method further includes performing, based on the identification, one of (1) selecting a principal luma intra-prediction mode for the ‘2N×2N’ pixel block and (2) limiting a partitioning size to a ‘N×N’ pixel block size for a portion of the video picture corresponding to the ‘2N×2N’ pixel block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer coagulant including methacrylamide in a preferred range and an enlarged graft copolymer prepared using same. The polymer coagulant provided in the present invention may enlarge a conjugated diene-based polymer to a suitable particle diameter range, and there are advantages of achieving excellent impact resistance and flowability of a graft copolymer prepared from the polymer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of first gate electrodes sequentially stacked on a substrate, a second gate electrode on the plurality of first gate electrodes, a first channel structure extending through the plurality of first gate electrodes and a portion of the second gate electrode, a buried insulation pattern on a sidewall of the first channel structure, of which an upper surface is at a higher level than a top end of the first channel structure, a second channel structure extending through a remainder of the second gate electrode, the second channel structure connected to the first channel structure, and a buried conductive pattern on a sidewall of the second channel structure.

Abstract: A microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium producing L-amino acids, and a method of producing L-amino acids using the same.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus includes a transport part to transport a transparent rectangular substrate, a substrate support part to support the substrate, light generators to irradiate two different lights onto the moving substrate, and sense the irradiated lights, and a controller to determine a posture of the substrate with reference to the sensed lights and control the transport part such that the substrate is seated on the substrate support part in a default posture that is preset. The controller determines the posture of the transparent rectangular substrate with respect to the default posture using a time difference between a time point at which a first light of the two different lights is not transmitted through an edge of the transparent rectangular substrate and a time point at which a second light of the two different lights is not transmitted through the edge of the transparent rectangular substrate.

Abstract: A method for determining coding unit (CU) partitioning of a largest coding unit (LCU) of a picture is provided that includes computing a first statistical measure and a second statistical measure for the LCU, selecting the LCU as the CU partitioning when the first statistical measure does not exceed a first threshold and the second statistical measure does not exceed a second threshold, and selecting CUs in one or more lower layers of a CU hierarchy of the LCU to form the CU partitioning when the first statistical measure exceeds the first threshold and/or the second statistical measure exceeds the second threshold.

Abstract: A vertical-type memory device includes a plurality of gate electrodes stacked on a substrate; and a vertical channel structure penetrating through the plurality of gate electrodes in a first direction, perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate. The vertical channel structure includes a channel extending in the first direction, a first filling film that partially fills an internal space of the channel, a first liner on at least a portion of an upper surface of the first filling film and an upper internal side wall of the channel extending beyond the first filling film away from the substrate. The first liner includes n-type impurities. The vertical channel structure includes a second filling film on at least a portion of the first liner, and a pad on the second filling film and in contact with the first liner.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method and an encoder for SSIM-based bits allocation. The encoder includes a memory and a processor utilized for allocating bits based on SSIM, wherein the processor estimates the model parameter of SSIM-based distortion model for the current picture and determines allocates bits based on the SSIM estimation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a support unit and a substrate treating apparatus comprising the same. The inventive concept provides a support unit that may prove temperature uniformity between facing areas on a substrate the other areas of the substrate and may solve a problem of not easily separating a substrate by a negative pressure in a pin hole when the substrate is separated from the support unit, and a substrate treating apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate supporting unit. The substrate supporting unit includes a susceptor supporting the substrate and having a pin hole vertically formed therein, a lift pin provided to move up and down along the pin hole, a support plate supporting the lift pin, and a driving unit vertically moving the support plate. The lift pin has a first magnetic substance formed at a lower end thereof. The support plate has a second magnetic substance provided thereon and having an opposite polarity to a polarity of the first magnetic substance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a manufacturing method of a spring pad interposed among a spring used in an automobile suspension system and an upper sheet and a lower sheet for supporting the spring, wherein the spring pad includes an insulator getting in contact with the spring to absorb shock and forming a body of the spring pad, and is manufactured through foam injection molding of the insulator to be lightweight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a microorganism producing L-lysine and a method for producing L-lysine by using the same. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium, which is modified such that the activity of a protein involved in cell wall hydrolysis is inactivated in comparison with the endogenous activity thereof; and a method for producing L-lysine using the same.

Abstract: A hole is formed to pass through preliminary first mold layers and preliminary second mold layers to form first mold layers and mold layers respectively that are alternately stacked in a vertical direction, perpendicular to a lower structure, on the lower structure. The first mold layers are partially etched along a side surface of the hole to form recess regions and recessed first mold layers. Third mold layers are formed in the recess regions to form interlayer insulation layers so that each of the interlayer insulation layers includes a corresponding third mold layer and a corresponding recessed first mold layer that are positioned at the same level in the vertical direction. A first dielectric layer is formed in the hole to cover the third mold layers and the second mold layers stacked on each other. Information storage patterns are formed on the first dielectric layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a substrate comprises a chamber having a treatment space for treating the substrate; a supporting unit which supports the substrate, inside the treatment space; a gas supplying unit which supplies process gas into the treatment space; and a plasma source which generates plasma based on the process gas inside the treatment space. The supporting unit comprises a supporting plate on which the substrate is placed; a focus ring which is disposed to surround the substrate supported by the supporting plate; a temperature control unit which adjusts a temperature of the focus ring. The temperature control unit may include a first heater which is disposed to heat the focus ring under the focus ring and to be opposite to the focus ring; and a cooling member which is provided under the first heater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dentin-dental pulp disease or periodontal disease, a quasi-drug composition for preventing or improving dentin-dental pulp disease or periodontal disease or a health functional food composition for preventing or improving dentin-dental pulp disease or periodontal disease, all of which comprise a LPAR2 (lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2) inhibitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is An apparatus for treating a substrate includes a chamber having a treatment space provided therein to treat the substrate and having an entrance for introducing or withdrawing the substrate, a liner disposed in the treatment space, disposed adjacent to an inner sidewall of the chamber, and having an opening formed at a position of facing the entrance to introduce or withdraw the substrate, a supporting unit to support the substrate in the treatment space, a gas supplying unit to supply process gas to the treatment space, a plasma source to produce plasma from the process gas, and a door assembly to open or close the entrance.

Abstract: A method for coding unit partitioning in a video encoder is provided that includes performing intra-prediction on each permitted coding unit (CU) in a CU hierarchy of a largest coding unit (LCU) to determine an intra-prediction coding cost for each permitted CU, storing the intra-prediction coding cost for each intra-predicted CU in memory, and performing inter-prediction, prediction mode selection, and CU partition selection on each permitted CU in the CU hierarchy to determine a CU partitioning for encoding the LCU, wherein the stored intra-prediction coding costs for the CUs are used.