Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is provided. The device includes a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral region; a plurality of lower electrodes disposed on the substrate in the cell region; a dielectric layer disposed on the plurality of lower electrodes; a metal containing layer disposed on the dielectric layer; a silicon germanium layer disposed on and electrically connected to the metal containing layer; a conductive pad disposed on and electrically connected to the silicon germanium layer; and an upper electrode contact plug disposed on and electrically connected to the conductive pad; The conductive pad extends from the upper electrode contact plug towards the peripheral region in a first direction, and the silicon germanium layer includes an edge portion that extends past the conductive pad in the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a support for a catalyst of a fuel cell. The method may include preparing an admixture including a carbon material and a cerium precursor into a reactor, providing the admixture in a reactor, raising a temperature of the reactor to a predetermined temperature, and introducing water vapor into the reactor to perform an activation reaction of the carbon material.

Abstract: A solid state drive apparatus includes a case including a base and side walls extending upward along a circumference of the base, an electrostatic prevention structure of a metal pillar spaced apart from the side walls and protruding from at least a partial surface of the base and an electrostatic absorbing member on at least a partial surface of the metal pillar, a package substrate module mounted on the electrostatic prevention structure in the case, and a cover covering the case and the package substrate module.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array having cell strings that each includes memory cells stacked on a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. A row decoder is connected with the memory cells through word lines. The row decoder applies a setting voltage to at least one word line of the word lines and floats the at least one word line during a floating time. A page buffer circuit is connected with the cell strings through bit lines. The page buffer senses voltage changes of the bit lines after the at least one word line is floated during the floating time and outputs a page buffer signal as a sensing result. A counter counts a number of off-cells in response to the page buffer signal. A detecting circuit outputs a detection signal associated with a defect cell based on the number of off-cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reducer for an electric vehicle, the reducer including an input shaft connected to a motor, a differential disposed coaxially with the input shaft and relatively rotatable, a planetary gear train configured to decelerate power of the input shaft and transmit the power to a differential casing of the differential, and a drive shaft configured to penetrate the input shaft and coupled to one side gear of the differential.

Abstract: A selected network element is arranged for distributed transmission resource allocation conflict reduction. The selected network element receives a transmission from one of a first other network element and a second other network element and identifies at least one transmission resource indicated by the received transmission as being reserved by the first other network element and the second other network element. The selected network element stores an indication of each of the at least one identified transmission resource. In response to reading the stored indications, the selected network element selects a different transmission resource that is different from the transmission resource indicated by the stored indications. The selected network element transmits a transmission from the selected network element using the selected different transmission resource.

Abstract: Methods for building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications (PLC) are described. Various techniques described herein provide a preamble design using one or more symbols. One or more preamble symbols may be interspersed within a header portion of a PLC frame to facilitate estimation of a frame boundary and/or sampling frequency offset, for example, in the presence of impulsive noise.

Abstract: A memory device includes: a first substrate; a peripheral circuit provided on the first substrate; a first metal bonding layer provided on the peripheral circuit; a second metal bonding layer directly bonded to the first metal bonding layer; a memory cell array provided on the second metal bonding layer; and a second substrate provided on the memory cell array. A page buffer circuit in the peripheral circuit receives a verification result through the metal bonding layers, divides the verification result into stages, and sequentially outputs the verification result for the division into the stages, and a pass/failure checker in the peripheral circuit sequentially performs a counting operation about each of the stages to generate accumulated values, and compares the accumulated values and a reference value which increases from an initial value as the counting operation is performed, and the initial value is set by an external memory controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coupling assembly for branching a pipe, and more specifically to a coupling assembly for branching a pipe, which can reduce assembly man-hours, has a simplified configuration, thus enabling a reduction in construction costs, and can effectively prevent the leakage of branched fluid even when the diameter of a branch hole formed in an inlet pipe is increased in order to increase a flow rate inside a branch pipe for supplying fluid to a sprinkler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coupling assembly for pipe connection, which, even when connecting pipes having different diameters to each other, can reduce the resistance against a fluid flowing inside the pipes, can be installed in a state where couplers are temporarily assembled using fastening members, and is not deformed during the fastening process and thus can also be stably fixed after the fastening process.

Abstract: The present exemplary embodiments provide a sample separation device which applies an electric field to a selective ion permeable layer based on origami to concentrate a target material in a specific area and concentrates a target material and separates a non-target material through a filter layer in which a paper is compressed to adjust a size of micro pore.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system with an inverter, at least one solar panel for providing electrical power, and electrical wiring for coupling electrical power from the at least one solar panel to the inverter. Also included is a transmitter for transmitting a messaging protocol along the electrical wiring, where the protocol includes a multibit wireline signal. Also included is circuitry for selectively connecting the electrical power from the at least one solar panel along the electrical wiring to the inverter in response to the messaging protocol.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission may include a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a first output shaft and a second output shaft; a first gear constrained to the first input shaft; a second gear and a third gear constrained to the second input shaft; a fourth gear provided to constrain the rotation to the second input shaft; a fifth gear which is engaged with the third gear; a sixth gear which is gear-engaged with the fourth gear; a seventh gear which is engaged with the first gear; an eighth gear which is gear-engaged with the second gear; and a ninth gear which is gear-engaged with the fourth gear.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sprinkler system, and more specifically, to a sprinkler system which can be assembled without welding. To this end, the sprinkler system according to the present invention comprises: a main pipe through which fluid is supplied from an externa source; a first branch pipe for branching the fluid supplied through the main pipe; a second branch pipe for branching the fluid supplied through the first branch pipe so that said fluid is supplied to a sprinkler; and a detachable first coupler for interconnecting the main pipe, the first branch pipe, and the second branch pipe.

Abstract: A network includes a first wireless node that communicates over a wireless network connection. The first wireless node includes a first encryption engine that processes a first initialization data set and a current transmit sequence associated with a current communication to generate a next transmit sequence that is employed to communicate with a second wireless node that derives a next received sequence that corresponds to the next transmit sequence to process a subsequent communication.

Abstract: A selected network element is arranged for distributed transmission resource allocation conflict reduction. The selected network element receives a transmission from one of a first other network element and a second other network element and identifies at least one transmission resource indicated by the received transmission as being reserved by the first other network element and the second other network element. The selected network element stores an indication of each of the at least one identified transmission resource. In response to reading the stored indications, the selected network element selects a different transmission resource that is different from the transmission resource indicated by the stored indications. The selected network element transmits a transmission from the selected network element using the selected different transmission resource.

Abstract: A coupling assembly for connecting pipes includes two or more couplers which are arranged facing each other in order to connect pipes continuously disposed in the axial direction, and the pipes are connected to each other in a state in which coupling members are temporarily assembled to the plurality of couplers. The couplers have catch parts which are inserted into coupling grooves formed in the pipes and have inner diameters corresponding to the outer diameters of the coupling grooves. Interference preventing grooves are formed in both sides of the catch parts and prevent interference between the pipes and the catch parts to allow the outer circumferential surfaces of the pipes to pass through between the temporarily assembled couplers.

Abstract: A memory device includes: a first substrate; a peripheral circuit provided on the first substrate; a first metal bonding layer provided on the peripheral circuit; a second metal bonding layer directly bonded to the first metal bonding layer; a memory cell array provided on the second metal bonding layer; and a second substrate provided on the memory cell array. A page buffer circuit in the peripheral circuit receives a verification result through the metal bonding layers, divides the verification result into stages, and sequentially outputs the verification result for the division into the stages, and a pass/failure checker in the peripheral circuit sequentially performs a counting operation about each of the stages to generate accumulated values, and compares the accumulated values and a reference value which increases from an initial value as the counting operation is performed, and the initial value is set by an external memory controller.

Abstract: A method of operating a communication system is disclosed. The method includes forming a data frame having plural orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbols. A first set of preamble subcarriers is allocated to at least one of the OFDM symbols. A second set of data subcarriers is allocated to said at least one of the OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A bulk-acoustic wave resonator includes a substrate, a first layer, a second layer, a membrane layer, and a resonance portion. The substrate includes a substrate protection layer. The first layer is disposed on the substrate protection layer. The second layer is disposed outside of the first layer. The membrane layer forms a cavity with the substrate protection layer and the first layer. The resonance portion is disposed on the membrane layer. Either one or both of the substrate protection layer and the membrane layer includes a protrusion disposed in the cavity.