Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for grinding a surface of a steel sheet, the apparatus comprising: a conveyor for transferring a steel sheet; and a grinding means, which is coupled above the conveyor such that the grinding means can be rotated about a direction perpendicular to the conveyor as an axis, and which grinds the surface of the steel sheet, wherein the angle at which the steel sheet is ground is adjusted by rotation. Through the above configuration, as the grinding means is rotatably coupled to the conveyor, it is possible to grind various patterns on the surface of the steel sheet by adjusting the grinding angle through the rotation of the grinding means.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate; a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode arranged on the base substrate to be spaced apart from each other; a pixel defining film on the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode and including a first opening exposing the first pixel electrode, a second opening exposing the second pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening, and a third opening exposing the third pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening and the second opening; a first organic layer on the first pixel electrode exposed by the first opening; a second organic layer on the second pixel electrode exposed by the second opening; and a third organic layer on the third pixel electrode exposed by the third opening.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a preliminary lower electrode layer on a substrate, the preliminary lower electrode layer including a niobium oxide; converting at least a portion of the preliminary lower electrode layer to a first lower electrode layer comprising a niobium nitride by performing a nitridation process on the preliminary lower electrode layer; forming a dielectric layer on the first lower electrode layer; and forming an upper electrode on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flexible tactile actuator including a tactile transmitter configured to be flexible and including magnetic particles capable of being polarized in response to an external magnetic field and a matrix layer including the magnetic particles, a magnetic field generator disposed below the tactile transmitter and configured to generate a magnetic field in the tactile transmitter, and an elastic member provided in a shape of a film, having at least a portion in surface contact with the magnetic field generator, and attached to be in surface contact with one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the tactile transmitter.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory includes metallic lines on a substrate and including an uppermost metallic line, a semiconductor conduction line on the uppermost metallic line, a vertical structure penetrating the semiconductor conduction line and metallic lines, and including a vertical structure that includes an upper channel film, a first lower channel film, and an upper connection channel film connecting the upper channel film and the first lower channel film between a bottom of the semiconductor conduction line and a bottom of the uppermost metallic line, and a first cutting line through the metallic lines and the semiconductor conduction line, and including a first upper cutting line through the semiconductor conduction line, and a first lower cutting line through the plurality of metallic lines, a width of the first upper cutting line being greater than a width of an extension line of a sidewall of the first lower cutting line.

Abstract: A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability may include a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from an analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information.

Abstract: Provided are a method for fabricating a semiconductor package and a semiconductor package using the same, which can simplify a fabricating process of the semiconductor package by forming a lead frame on which a semiconductor die can be mounted without a separate grinding process, and can improve product reliability by preventing warpage from occurring during a grinding process.

Abstract: Provided is a nonvolatile memory device. The nonvolatile memory device includes a conductive plate, a barrier conductive film extending along a surface of the conductive plate, a mold structure including a plurality of gate electrodes sequentially stacked on the barrier conductive film, a channel hole penetrating the mold structure to expose the barrier conductive film, an impurity pattern being in contact with the barrier conductive film, and formed in the channel hole, and a semiconductor pattern formed in the channel hole, extending from the impurity pattern along a side surface of the channel hole, and intersecting the plurality of gate electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface protective film which includes an adhesive layer on one surface of a substrate film, wherein the adhesive layer is a cured product of a composition containing: a urethane-based resin having a photoreactive group at the end or side chain thereof; a monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer; a crosslinking agent having two or more photoreactive groups at the end thereof; a peel strength adjusting agent; and a photoinitiator, the composition being solvent-free; and the adhesive layer has peel strength of 0.5 gf/in to 10 gf/in, as measured on glass at a peel angle of 180° and a peel rate of 1.8 m/min.

Abstract: A user terminal device and a controlling method thereof are provided. The user terminal device includes a display configured to be divided into a first area and a second area which is larger than the first area with reference to a folding line, a cover disposed on a rear side of the display, a detector configured to detect a user interaction on the display and the cover, and a controller configured to, in response to the display being folded along the folding line such that the first area and the second area face each other, control the detector to detect a user interaction through an exposure area, which is an exposed part of the second area, and the cover, and, in response to the display being folded such that the two parts of the cover face with each other with reference to the folding line, control the detector to detect a user interaction through the first area and the second area.

Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment, a waste cathode active material mixture is prepared from a waste cathode of a lithium secondary battery. A preliminary precursor mixture is formed by reacting the waste cathode active material mixture with a reactive gas in a fluidized bed reactor. The preliminary precursor mixture is cooled by spraying different first and second refrigerants to the preliminary precursor mixture. A lithium precursor is recovered from the cooled preliminary precursor mixture.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present invention may comprise: a housing including a hole formed therethrough; an earphone jack built in the housing such that an earphone plug is received therein through the hole; a gas sensor integrally formed with the earphone jack; a memory positioned inside the housing; and a processor positioned inside the housing and electrically connected with the earphone jack, the gas sensor, and the memory, wherein the memory stores instructions by which, when executed, the processor: controls the gas sensor to obtain data related to a specific component of the outside air; and causes the gas sensor to calculate a cleanliness level of the outside air on the basis of at least one of data obtained before a predetermined measurement disturbance element is generated and data obtained after the measurement disturbance element is removed. Other various embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate; a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode arranged on the base substrate to be spaced apart from each other; a pixel defining film on the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode and including a first opening exposing the first pixel electrode, a second opening exposing the second pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening, and a third opening exposing the third pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening and the second opening; a first organic layer on the first pixel electrode exposed by the first opening; a second organic layer on the second pixel electrode exposed by the second opening; and a third organic layer on the third pixel electrode exposed by the third opening.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a noise masking method through variable masking sound level conversion, capable of adjusting an interval for changing a level of a masking sound for masking noise to an optimal interval so that the masking sound is not perceived as noise, by determining a fluctuation trend of a level of audible noise and adjusting the interval for changing the level of the masking sound for masking the noise into an optimal environment through a control unit.

Abstract: A flexible tactile actuator includes a tactile transmitter configured to be flexible and including magnetic particles capable of being polarized in response to an external magnetic field and a matrix layer including the magnetic particles, a magnetic field generator disposed below the tactile transmitter and configured to generate a magnetic field in the tactile transmitter, and an elastic member provided in a shape of a film, having at least a portion in surface contact with the magnetic field generator, and attached to be in surface contact with one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the tactile transmitter.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes; a lower stacked structure including lower metallic lines stacked in a first direction on a substrate, an upper stacked structure including a first upper metallic line and a second upper metallic line sequentially stacked on the lower stacked structure, a vertical structure penetrating the upper stacked structure and lower stacked structure and including a channel film, a connection pad disposed on the vertical structure, contacted with the channel film and doped with N-type impurities, a first cutting line cutting the lower metallic lines, the first upper metallic line and the second upper metallic line, a second cutting line spaced apart from the first cutting line in a second direction different from the first direction, and cutting the lower metallic lines, the first upper metallic line and the second upper metallic line, and sub-cutting lines cutting the first upper metallic line and the second upper metallic line between the first cutting line and the second cuttin

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are multiple object detection method and apparatus. The multiple object detection apparatus includes a feature map extraction unit for extracting a plurality of multi-scale feature maps based on an input image, and a feature map fusion unit for generating a multi-scale fusion feature map including context information by fusing adjacent multi-scale feature maps among the plurality of multi-scale feature maps generated by the feature map extraction unit.

Abstract: An audio signal encoding and decoding method using a neural network model, and an encoder and decoder for performing the same are disclosed. A method of encoding an audio signal using a neural network model, the method may include identifying an input signal, generating a quantized latent vector by inputting the input signal into a neural network model encoding the input signal, and generating a bitstream corresponding to the quantized latent vector, wherein the neural network model may include i) a feature extraction layer generating a latent vector by extracting a feature of the input signal, ii) a plurality of downsampling blocks downsampling the latent vector, and iii) a plurality of quantization blocks performing quantization of a downsampled latent vector.

Abstract: A user terminal device and a displaying method thereof are provided.