Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a channel region extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to a substrate and having a nitrogen concentration distribution, a plurality of gate electrodes arranged on a side wall of the channel region and separated from each other in a vertical direction, and a gate dielectric layer disposed between the channel region and the gate electrodes. The nitrogen concentration distribution has a first concentration near an interface between the channel region and the gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a heating roller that generates heat for melting toner attached to a printing medium; a first induction coil that is disposed outside the heating roller and heats the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the first induction coil; two second induction coils that are disposed at upper portions of both ends of the first induction coil and heat the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the two second induction coils; a power supply unit that supplies current to the first induction coil and the two second induction coils; and a control unit that controls the power supply unit to supply current flowing in the same direction or different directions to the first induction coil and the second induction coils according to the size of paper fed into the heating roller.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a heating roller that generates heat for melting toner attached to a printing medium; a first induction coil that is disposed outside the heating roller and heats the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the first induction coil; two second induction coils that are disposed at upper portions of both ends of the first induction coil and heat the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the two second induction coils; a power supply unit that supplies current to the first induction coil and the two second induction coils; and a control unit that controls the power supply unit to supply current flowing in the same direction or different directions to the first induction coil and the second induction coils according to the size of paper fed into the heating roller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a slip detection apparatus and method for a mobile robot, and more particularly, to a slip detection apparatus and method for a mobile robot, which not only use a plurality of rotation detection sensors to detect a lateral slip angle and lateral slip direction, but also analyze the amount of change in an image and detect the blocked degree of an image input unit to determine the quality of an input image, and detect the occurrence of a frontal slip to precisely detect the type of slip, direction of the slip, and the rotation angle, and, on the basis of the latter, to enable the mobile robot to move away from and avoid slip regions, and to reassume the precise position thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a map generating and updating method for mobile robot position recognition, and more specifically relates to a map generating and updating method for mobile robot position recognition, whereby position recognition error can be minimized by registering landmarks extracted during map generation and landmarks extracted on the basis of the probable error in inferred landmarks, calculating the accuracy of landmarks pre-registered during map generation, and adjusting the level of landmarks of low accuracy or removing landmarks which have been registered erroneously.

Abstract: An induction heating type fusing device and an image forming apparatus including the fusing device. The fusing device includes a magnetic flux generator and a compressing roller outside a fusing belt, first and second fusing rollers and a nip guide inside the fusing belt. The compressing roller compresses against the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide to form nips, while the fusing belt is disposed between the compressing roller and the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide.

Abstract: An AC, rf, or pulse-excited microdischarge device and array are provide by the invention. A preferred array includes a substrate. A plurality of microdischarge cavities that contain discharge medium are in the substrate. A transparent layer seals the discharge medium in the microdischarge cavites. Electrodes stimulate the discharge medium. The microdischarge cavities are physically isolated from the electrodes by dielectric and arranged relative to the electrodes such that ac, rf, or pulsed excitation applied to the electrodes stimulates plasma excitation of the discharge medium. The microdischarge cavities are sized to produce plasma within the microdischarge cavities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control method for the localization and navigation of a mobile robot and a mobile robot using the same. More specifically, the localization and navigation of a mobile robot are controlled using inertial sensors and images, wherein local direction descriptors are employed, the mobile robot is changed in the driving mode thereof according to the conditions of the mobile robot, and errors in localization may be minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a non-contact switch. More particularly, the non-contact switch includes a button which is disposed at a predetermined position of a housing and operated by an external pressure while being formed, at one end portion thereof, with a magnetic substance; a magnetic field sensor device which is accommodated in the housing to face the magnetic substance and generates an induced voltage depending on an interval between the magnetic field sensor device and the magnetic substance; and a semiconductor device which is driven by the induced voltage generated at the magnetic field sensor device to switch power supplied from a separate battery to a separate load.

Abstract: Provided is a compound having a spiro chiral carbon backbone, a stereoisomer thereof, an enantiomer thereof, an in vivo hydrolysable precursor thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound having the spiro chiral carbon backbone has excellent osteoblast differentiation activity, mast cell inhibitory activity, and fatty acid synthesis inhibitory activity in the liver. Therefore, the compound can be expected to play an innovative role in treatment of osteoporosis, fatty liver, and obesity.

Abstract: A heating roller including a resistive heating layer and a fusing device including the heating roller. By separately disposing a plurality of electrodes in an axis direction of the heating roller, and by independently controlling each electrode, the heating roller may correspond to various papers having different sizes. Accordingly, the temperature of the heating roller may be stably controlled.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fully passive decay heat removal system utilizing a partially immersed heat exchanger, the system comprising: a hot pool; an intermediate heat exchanger which heat-exchanges with the sodium of the hot pool; a cold pool; a support barrel extending vertically through the boundary between the hot pool and the cold pool; a sodium-sodium decay heat exchanger received in the support barrel; a sodium-air heat exchanger provided at a position higher than the sodium-sodium decay heat exchanger; an intermediate sodium loop connecting the sodium-sodium decay heat exchanger with the sodium-air heat exchanger; and a primary pump, wherein a portion of the effective heat transfer tube of the sodium-sodium decay heat exchanger is immersed in the cold pool, particularly in a normal operating state, and the surface of the lower end of a shroud for the sodium-sodium decay heat exchanger, the lower end being immersed in the sodium of the cold pool, has perforated holes.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a heating roller that generates heat for melting toner attached to a printing medium; a first induction coil that is disposed outside the heating roller and heats the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the first induction coil; two second induction coils that are disposed at upper portions of both ends of the first induction coil and heat the heating roller by using induced current generated according to current flowing through the two second induction coils; a power supply unit that supplies current to the first induction coil and the two second induction coils; and a control unit that controls the power supply unit to supply current flowing in the same direction or different directions to the first induction coil and the second induction coils according to the size of paper fed into the heating roller.

Abstract: An induction heating type fusing device and an image forming apparatus including the fusing device. The fusing device includes a magnetic flux generator and a compressing roller outside a fusing belt, first and second fusing rollers and a nip guide inside the fusing belt. The compressing roller compresses against the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide to form nips, while the fusing belt is disposed between the compressing roller and the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide.

Abstract: A fusing unit and an image forming apparatus to form an image on a recording medium including a fusing unit are provided. The image forming apparatus includes a heating member having a surface divided into a plurality of heating regions and heating the recording medium, and a pressurizing member to apply pressure to the recording medium, the fusing unit fusing the image to the recording medium by applying heat and pressure to the recording medium, a driving unit to supply rotational force to the pressurizing member, and a power supply to supply power to the heating member and the driving unit, wherein the heating regions have different heating values per unit area. The image forming apparatus prevents overheating of a paper-contact heating region without idling the fusing unit in order to radiate heat accumulated in the paper-contact heating region.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating vertical memory devices are provided including forming a plurality of alternating insulating layers and sacrificial layers on a substrate; patterning and etching the plurality of insulating layer and sacrificial layers to define an opening that exposes at least a portion of a surface of the substrate; forming a charge trapping pattern and a tunnel insulating pattern on a side wall of the opening; forming a channel layer on the tunnel insulating layer on the sidewall of the opening, the channel layer including N-type impurity doped polysilicon; forming a buried insulating pattern on the channel layer in the opening; and forming a blocking dielectric layer and a control gate on the charge trapping pattern of one side wall of the channel layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a channel region, forming a buffer layer on the channel region, and heat-treating the channel region by using a gas containing halogen atoms.

Abstract: An induction heating type fusing device and an image forming apparatus including the fusing device. The fusing device includes a magnetic flux generator and a compressing roller outside a fusing belt, first and second fusing rollers and a nip guide inside the fusing belt. The compressing roller compresses against the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide to form nips, while the fusing belt is disposed between the compressing roller and the first and second fusing rollers and the nip guide.

Abstract: A storage apparatus for a vehicle can maximize a space use of a vehicle by a structure in which the storage apparatus is mounted by using an inner space of a rear bumper, in particular, greatly improving the value of commodities of the vehicle by using a bumper door as a step or a bench at the time of opening a storage case or using articles while putting the articles on the opened bumper door.

Abstract: A storage apparatus for a vehicle may include a rear bumper having a back beam mounted under an inner space thereof, and a storage case provided in a space above the rear bumper, having a portion exposed to the outside formed so as to coincide with an outer surface of the rear bumper, and drawn-out/drawn-in by being slid to the outside in a state in which a load is supported above the back beam.