Abstract: A two-dimensional/three-dimensional switchable display apparatus includes: a display panel; a first substrate disposed on the display panel; a first electrode layer disposed on the first substrate and including a plurality of first electrodes; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the second substrate and including a plurality of second electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates. A plurality of lens units are formed in association with a first position of the liquid crystal layer when a lens forming voltage profile is applied to the first electrodes and a common voltage is applied to the second electrodes. When the common voltage is applied to the first electrodes and the lens forming voltage is applied to the second electrodes, the plurality of lens units are formed in association with a second position spaced apart from the first position.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes an operational circuit and a test circuit for measuring a leakage current associated with all or part of the operational circuit. The leakage current measurement circuit may include a mirror circuit configured to mirror leakage current to a current-to-voltage converter and an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the analog voltage representative of the leakage current developed by the current-to-voltage converter to a digital value.

Abstract: An assembly apparatus is provided. The assembly apparatus includes a fixed apparatus that includes a body element, a first fixed element protruding from an outer curved surface of the body element in a radial direction of the body element, and a second fixed element extending in a first direction that is vertical to the radial direction of the body element, and a support apparatus that includes a first receiving element in which the first fixed element is inserted, rotated, and fixed, and a second receiving element in which the second fixed element is inserted, rotated, and fixed. An end of the second fixed element is connected to the body element. Another end of the second fixed element protrudes from a lower surface of the body element.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display module includes a display panel including a display region and a pad region, a mold frame supporting the display panel and including a recess in a region corresponding to the pad region, and an accommodation guide hole in an edge of the recess, a driving integrated circuit chip disposed between the display panel and the accommodation guide hole, and a cover installed over the recess, a metal member being inserted in the cover. A portion of the metal member contacts the driving integrated circuit chip, and another portion of the metal member is exposed to an outside of the organic electroluminescence display module.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a lens plate and a lens driver. The display panel includes a plurality of unit pixels. The display panel is driven by dividing a single frame into N sub frames. N is a natural number. The lens plate is on the display panel. The lens plate includes a plurality of lenses which convert a two dimensional (“2D”) image displayed on the display panel into a three dimensional (“3D”) image. The lens driver disposes the lenses at a first position during a first sub frame. The lens driver moves the lenses to a second position from the first position and disposes the lenses at the second position during a second sub frame. The second position is shifted by 1/N of a width of the unit pixel from the first position.

Abstract: A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device by programming pages using a N-bit programming mode until a threshold voltage distribution shift for an un-programmed page in the same memory block is determined, and thereafter programming the un-programmed page using a M-bit programming mode, where M is less than N.

Abstract: A method of programming a flash memory device comprises programming selected memory cells, performing a verification operation to determine whether the selected memory cells have reached a target program state, and determining a start point of the verification operation based on a programming characteristic associated with a detection of a pass bit during programming of an initial program state.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a walnut supply apparatus including: a vibrator applying vibration to a walnut grain to move the walnut grain; a walnut discharging guide part formed at an upper portion of the vibrator to discharge the walnut grain from the vibrator; a feeder formed at one end of the walnut discharging guide part along a moving direction of the walnut grain to supply the walnut grain into a mold; a feeder driving part pivoting the feeder to drop the walnut grain disposed on the feeder into the mold; and a mold driving unit cyclically transferring the mold along a predetermined path. The walnut supply apparatus according to the present invention may accurately supply the walnut grain to the mold without using an additional sensor.

Abstract: A two-dimensional/three-dimensional switchable display apparatus includes: a display panel; a first substrate disposed on the display panel; a first electrode layer disposed on the first substrate and including a plurality of first electrodes; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the second substrate and including a plurality of second electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates. A plurality of lens units are formed in association with a first position of the liquid crystal layer when a lens forming voltage profile is applied to the first electrodes and a common voltage is applied to the second electrodes. When the common voltage is applied to the first electrodes and the lens forming voltage is applied to the second electrodes, the plurality of lens units are formed in association with a second position spaced apart from the first position.

Abstract: A display device may include a frame rate determining unit configured to receive an input image signal and configured to select, based on the input image signal, one of a first frame rate and a second frame rate to be a selected frame rate. The input image signal may include luminance information. The second frame rate may be equal to a natural number times the first frame rate. The natural number may be greater than or equal to 2. The display device may further include a display panel configured to display a first image according to at least a control signal generated based on the selected frame rate.

Abstract: In a method for recovering a metal from a solution, a first electrode that includes a metal for recovery and a second electrode that includes a metal different from the metal for recovery are prepared. The first electrode and the second electrode are immersed in a first solution that includes a metal ion for recovery. The metal ion for recovery in the first solution is combined with the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are charged while immersing the first and second electrodes in a second solution different from the first solution so that the metal ion for recovery is separated from the first electrode. The metal for recovery is recovered from the second solution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board, including: a substrate; a seed layer formed on the substrate; and a circuit pattern formed on the seed layer and formed so that a diameter of an upper portion thereof and a width of a lower portion thereof are equal to each other or a diameter of the lower portion is larger than that of the upper portion. Therefore, the printed circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention forms the circuit pattern having the lower portion having the diameter larger than that of the upper portion, such that the electrical signal loss may be decreased and separation of the circuit pattern may be prevented, thereby improving whole reliability of the board.

Abstract: A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for transferring a data signal between a smartcard interface and an interface of a processor within an embedded system. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an interface conversion device communicating between a processor and a smartcard IC chip includes: an input/output signal conversion logic configured to transfer a signal between a first interface of the processor and a second interface of the smartcard IC chip; a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal driving the smartcard IC chip depending on a first control signal received from the processor and provide the generated clock signal to the smartcard IC chip; and a reset controller configured to generate a reset signal depending on a second control signal received from the processor and provide the generated reset signal to the smartcard IC chip.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board including: preparing a substrate having a conductive layer formed on at least a portion thereof; forming an insulating layer formed with an opening through which a portion of the conductive layer is exposed on the substrate; forming a plating seed layer on the insulating layer and the exposed conductive layer; forming an electroplating layer on the plating seed layer by overplating the plating seed layer; and etching the overplated portion in a lump to form a circuit layer in the opening.

Abstract: A memory system comprises a multi-bit memory device and a memory controller that controls the multi-bit memory device. The memory system determines whether a requested program operation is a random program operation or a sequential program operation. Where the requested program operation is a random program operation, the memory controller controls the multi-bit memory device to perform operations according to a fine program close policy or a fine program open policy.

Abstract: In an operating method for a nonvolatile memory device, first random data is sensed from a source area of the memory cell array, the first random data having been generated using first random sequence data. While sensing the first random data, third random sequence data is loaded to a page buffer circuit, the third random sequence data being generated from the first random sequence data and second random sequence data. A logical operation is performed on the sensed first random data and the third random sequence data in the page buffer circuit to generate second random data, and the second random data is programmed to a target area in the memory cell array different from the source area.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a controller which generates a control signal based on at least one of a two-dimensional image and a three-dimensional stereoscopic image inputted from an outside, a panel including a plurality of pixels, where the plurality of pixels is arranged along a first direction and along a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction and displays the three-dimensional stereoscopic image having a plurality of viewpoints different from each other in each frame, a lens part including a plurality of lens units, where the plurality of lens units is disposed over the panel overlapping the pixels along the first direction and having a plurality of focal points which shifts in each frame, and a light source which supplies light to the panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an interposer, including: an interposer substrate configured by stacking an insulating layer of one layer or more and interlayer connected through a via; a cavity penetrating through a center of the interposer substrate in a thickness direction; and a connection electrode having a post part which is disposed on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the interposer substrate, thereby increasing electrical characteristics and reducing manufacturing cost and time.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for scaling a dynamic bus clock are provided. The apparatus for scaling the dynamic bus clock includes at least one master module, at least one slave module, a bus for delivering data transmitted and received by the at least one master module and the at least one slave module, a bus frequency controller for determining a bus clock frequency by considering activity information of the at least one master module, and a clock generator for generating the frequency as determined by the bus frequency controller and providing the generated frequency to the at least one master module, the at least one slave module, and the bus.