Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a plurality of pixels disposed on one of the first substrates. Each of the pixels is supplied with a video signal via a switching element connected to a first electrode thereof, and is provided with a capacitance. One of two capacitance-forming electrodes forming the capacitance is connected to the first electrode of a corresponding one of the pixels, and another of the two capacitance-forming electrodes is supplied with a pixel-potential control signal. Polarity of the video signal reverses with respect to a first reference voltage with a repetition period, and the pixel-potential control signal alternates between two voltage levels of same polarity with respect to a second reference voltage such that a voltage swing on the first electrodes of the pixels becomes larger than that of the video signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which has the high speed response and the high contrast and a display device employing the same are provided. In a display device employing a reflection type liquid crystal light valve, a retardation of a retardation plate which is provided between a polarizing element such as a polarizing beam splitter and the reflection type liquid crystal light valve is generally made ¼ of the wavelength of the incident light, and an optical axis (a slow axis or a fast axis) of the retardation plate and the polarizing direction of the incident polarized light are shifted from each other by slightly larger than 0 degree in order to arrange such optical elements.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes plural pixels, video signal lines coupled to the pixels, a video signal line drive circuit, a power supply for supplying a time-varying gray scale voltage, and a display control circuit for supplying N-bit display data and N kinds of time-varying control signals. The video signal line drive circuit includes: plural switching circuits each associated with a respective one of the video signal lines and comprising N switching elements. The N switching elements each select one of the respective one of the N kinds of time control signals and a first fixed voltage in accordance with the display data. The N kinds of time control signals are such pulses as to uniquely determine a time represented by the display data based upon it. Plural logic circuits each associated with the respective video signal lines are supplied with the selected signals from the switching elements, and are configured so as to change state when all the selected signals are the first fixed voltage.

Abstract: A display device includes a dynamic ratioless shift register which is operated in a stable manner and can expand the degree of freedom of designing. In the dynamic ratioless shift register which is provided with thin film transistors having semiconductor layers made of p—Si on a substrate surface, a node which becomes the floating state is connected to a fixed potential through a capacitance element.

Abstract: A method for forming a liquid crystal display device includes forming a metal film over a drive substrate, and patterning the metal film to form at least one pixel electrode and an optical shield film. The optical shield film is provided outside of a pixel electrode area and has a width greater than a width of each of the pixel electrode. A resin is deposited over the patterned metal film, and the resin is patterned to form at least one pole spacer and strip spacer. The strip spacer surrounds the pixel electrode area and has a width greater than a diameter of each of pole spacer. Liquid crystal material is supplied into an inside space which is surrounded by the strip spacer, and a sealing material is filled at outer edges of the strip spacer for fixing the drive substrate and a common substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve for a projection type display such that a pixel circuit area in which a plurality of switching elements are disposed in a matrix state, a drive circuit area in which drive circuit elements are disposed, and the peripheral area are formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate and further metal layers are provided through insulating layers. The uppermost layer of the metal layers are partitioned by slits to arrange reflectors as output terminals of the switching elements. As middle layers, a shading layer of the pixel circuit area for interrupting an incident light from the slits and a shading layer for interrupting an irradiation to the peripheral area and the drive circuit area are formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrate, plural reflective electrodes arranged on a surface of the first substrate on a liquid crystal layer side thereof, each of the reflective electrodes being adapted to be supplied with a video signal; and plural light-blocking conductive films disposed below the reflective electrodes with an insulating layer interposed between the light-blocking films and the reflective electrodes. Each of the light-blocking films is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the reflective electrodes, and is disposed to cover at least a portion of spacings between the corresponding one of the reflective electrodes and ones of the reflective electrodes adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A method for forming a liquid crystal display device includes forming a metal film over a drive substrate, and patterning the metal film to form at least one pixel electrode and an optical shield film. The optical shield film is provided outside of a pixel electrode area and has a width greater than a width of each of the pixel electrode. A resin is deposited over the patterned metal film, and the resin is patterned to form at least one pole spacer and strip spacer. The strip spacer surrounds the pixel electrode area and has a width greater than a diameter of each of pole spacer. Liquid crystal material is supplied into an inside space which is surrounded by the strip spacer, and a sealing material is filled at outer edges of the strip spacer for fixing the drive substrate and a common substrate.

Abstract: Eliminating differences in cell gap of a liquid crystal panel is effected to prevent display irregularities while avoiding contamination of the liquid crystal material due to unwanted contact of a seal material with the liquid crystal material. To this end, the liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate DSUB having multiple pixel electrodes AL-P in the form of a matrix, a second substrate USUB opposing the first substrate with a specified gap therebetween and having one or more transparent electrodes ITO-C, a liquid crystal layer LC made of a liquid crystal material sealed in the gap between the opposing substrates, and an alignment film on at least one of inner surfaces of the first and second substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer for controlling alignment of the liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has horizontal and vertical scanning circuits for scanning an array of pixels. An image signal applied to an image signal supply circuit in the form of series of pixel signals is transferred to pixels in the array of pixels designated by the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits. Each of the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits have a series connection of bidirectional shift register stages and are capable of bidirectional scanning. Each of the bidirectional shift register stages includes a pair of latches connected in tandem and is capable of providing an intermediate output and a shift register stage output.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve for a projection type display such that a pixel circuit area in which a plurality of switching elements are disposed in a matrix state, a drive circuit area in which drive circuit elements are disposed, and the peripheral area are formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate and further metal layers are provided through insulating layers. The uppermost layer of the metal layers are partitioned by slits to arrange reflectors as output terminals of the switching elements. As middle layers, a shading layer of the pixel circuit area for interrupting an incident light from the slits and a shading layer for interrupting an irradiation to the peripheral area and the drive circuit area are formed. Further, when image data to be displayed in the pixel circuit area has a construction of n.times.m pixels (where, n and m are even numbers), the number of columns and the number of lines are increased by one, respectively, thereby obtaining a construction of (n+1).times.(m+1) pixels.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display apparatus has a pair of substrates. One of the paired substrates includes active matrix elements and reflective pixel electrodes. The other substrate includes a transparent electrode. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the paired substrates, with a single-layer dielectric film disposed between the reflective pixel electrodes and the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display module has a liquid crystal panel including a first substrate of, for example, a rectangular shape, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer provided in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a display screen, a package for encasing and holding the liquid crystal panel while maintaining the first substrate in an exposed state and a dichroic prism to which the first substrate is attached. At least two sides each of the first substrate have a side edge extruding outwardly over a corresponding side end of the second substrate. The side edges of the first substrate are fixed between the dichroic prism and the package, whereby the second substrate is supported by the first substrate and not by the package.

Abstract: A video camera unit is separated into a holder for receiving lenses and a base on which a solid-state image pickup chip is mounted. The holder and the base are assembled together with the distance between them made variable so that it is possible to adjust the back focus of the lens. Further, a video camera unit has a holder which is separated into a first holder for receiving lenses and a second holder for receiving a solid-state image pickup device so that both holders can be assembled together with the distance between them made variable. Therefore, it is also possible to adjust the back focus of the lens.

Abstract: A video camera unit is separated into a holder for receiving lenses and a base on which a solid-state image pickup chip is mounted. The holder and the base are assembled together with the distance between them made variable so that it is possible to adjust the back focus of the lens. Further, a video camera unit has a holder which is separated into a first holder for receiving lenses and a second holder for receiving a solid-state image pickup device so that both holders can be assembled together with the distance between them made variable. Therefore, it is also possible to adjust the back focus of the lens.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an amplification circuit for realizing a substantially high sensitivity with a simple structure. The amplification circuit comprises: a first capacitor C1 for receiving a signal charge; a source-follower circuit for receiving a voltage of the first capacitor C1; an inversion amplification circuit including a source-earth type amplification MOSFET Q5 having its gate fed with the output signal of the source-follower circuit through a second capacitor C2; a feedback third capacitor C3 connected between the gate and drain of the amplification MOSFET Q5; and a switch element Q6 for feeding the gate of the amplification MOSFET Q5 with a predetermined bias voltage while the signal charge of the first capacitor C1 is being reset. The amplification MOSFET Q5 has its drain equipped as load means with a depletion type MOSFET Q4 having its gate and source connected, and the depletion type MOSFET Q4 has its source given the same potential as the substrate potential thereof.

Abstract: An imaging assembly, which is particularly useful for a video camera unit, comprising a set of lenses, some of which have a non-refractive surface, and an image sensor. A holder is provided for holding both the set of lenses and the image sensor to be aligned with one another. Circuitry is also provided so that the sensitivity of the image sensor can be electrically varied.

Abstract: An amplification MOSFET in a source ground form receives at its gate an output signal of a source-follower circuit through a second capacitor. The source-follower circuit, on the otherhand, receives a voltage of a first capacitor which receives a signal charge. A predetermined bias voltage is supplied to the gate of the amplification MOSFET through a switch device while the signal charge of the first capacitor is reset. According to this structure, the second capacitor can transmit only the signal component and the voltage signal itself can be amplified by the source ground type amplification MOSFET. The amplification MOSFET can be biased to its optimum operation point by the switch device during the reset period of the first capacitor; hence, sensitivity can be substantially improved with a simple circuit structure.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device composed of a plurality of photo-diodes each of which having a P-N junction. A P-N junction which corresponds to that of a faulty picture cell is destroyed through use of a high energy beam irradiation, such as a laser. Signal data corresponding to that of the destroyed picture cell is detected through use of a voltage comparator which outputs a signal indicative of either a preceding picture cell or that corresponding to a picture cell of a preceding row of picture cells. This system can be used for specific address information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an MOS solid-state imaging device including a source-follower FRT amplifier in each picture-cell and a capacitor in each row for differentially directing output signals to cancel offset parameters such as those due to deviations of manufacturing caused during the process.