Abstract: Semiconductor structures having a source and/or drain with a refractory metal cap, and methods of forming the same, are described herein. In one example, a semiconductor structure includes a channel, a gate, a source, and a drain. The source and drain contain silicon and germanium, and one or both of the source and drain are capped with a semiconductor cap and a refractory metal cap. The semiconductor cap is on the source and/or drain and contains germanium and boron. The refractory metal cap is on the semiconductor cap and contains a refractory metal.

Abstract: Contacts to n-type source/drain regions comprise a phosphide or arsenide metal compound layer. The phosphide or arsenide metal compound layers can aid in forming thermally stable low resistance contacts. A phosphide or arsenide metal compound layer is positioned between the source/drain region and the contact metal layer of the contact. A phosphide or arsenic metal compound layer can be used in contacts contacting n-type source/drain regions comprising phosphorous or arsenic as the primary dopant, respectively. The phosphide or arsenide metal compound layers prevent diffusion of phosphorous or arsenic from the source/drain region into the metal contact layer and dopant deactivation in the source/drain region due to annealing and other high-temperature processing steps that occur after contact formation.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes an upper semiconductor body extending in a first direction from an upper source region to an upper drain region, and a lower semiconductor body extending in the first direction from a lower source region to a lower drain region. The upper body is spaced vertically from the lower body in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. A gate spacer structure is adjacent to the upper and lower source regions. In an example, the gate spacer structure includes (i) a first section having a first dimension in the first direction, and (ii) a second section having a second dimension in the first direction. In an example, the first dimension is different from the second dimension by at least 1 nm. In some cases, an intermediate portion of the gate spacer structure extends laterally within a given gate structure, or between upper and lower gate structures.

Abstract: In one embodiment, layers comprising Carbon (e.g., Silicon Carbide) are on source/drain regions of a transistor, e.g., before gate formation and metallization, and the layers comprising Carbon are later removed in the manufacturing process to form electrical contacts on the source/drain regions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are dual gate trench shaped thin film transistors and related methods and devices. Exemplary thin film transistor structures include a non-planar semiconductor material layer having a first portion extending laterally over a first gate dielectric layer, which is over a first gate electrode structure, and a second portion extending along a trench over the first gate dielectric layer, a second gate electrode structure at least partially within the trench, and a second gate dielectric layer between the second gate electrode structure and the first portion.

Abstract: Described is a thin film transistor which comprises: a dielectric comprising a dielectric material; a first structure adjacent to the dielectric, the first structure comprising a first material; a second structure adjacent to the first structure, the second structure comprising a second material wherein the second material is doped; a second dielectric adjacent to the second structure; a gate comprising a metal adjacent to the second dielectric; a spacer partially adjacent to the gate and the second dielectric; and a contact adjacent to the spacer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a device layer including an upper device above a lower device. The upper device includes an upper source or drain region, and an upper source or drain contact coupled to the upper source or drain region. The lower device includes a lower source or drain region. A first conductive feature is below the device layer, where the first conductive feature is coupled to the lower source or drain region. A second conductive feature vertically extends through the device layer. In an example, the second conductive feature is to couple (i) the first conductive feature below the device layer and (ii) an interconnect structure above the device layer. Thus, the first and second conductive features facilitate a connection between the interconnect structure on the frontside of the integrated circuit and the lower source or drain region towards the backside of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices on a substrate with an alternative crystallographic surface orientation. Example devices includes gate-all-around (e.g., nanoribbon and nanosheet) and forksheet transistors. In an example, a substrate having a (110) crystallographic surface orientation forms the basis for the growth of alternating silicon germanium (SiGe) or germanium tin (GeSn) and silicon (Si) semiconductor layers. P-channel transistors may be formed using SiGe or GeSn nanoribbons while n-channel transistors are formed from Si nanoribbons. The crystallographic surface orientation of the SiGe or GeSn nanoribbons will reflect the same crystallographic surface orientation of the substrate, which leads to a higher hole mobility across the SiGe or GeSn nanoribbons and improved device performance.

Abstract: Techniques are provided herein to form semiconductor devices on a substrate with an alternative crystallographic surface orientation. The techniques are particularly useful with respect to gate-all-around and forksheet transistor configurations. A substrate having a (110) crystallographic surface orientation forms the basis for the growth of alternating types of semiconductor layers. Both n-channel and p-channel transistors may be fabricated using silicon nanoribbons formed from some of the alternating semiconductor layers. The crystallographic surface orientation of the Si nanoribbons will reflect the same crystallographic surface orientation of the substrate, which leads to a higher hole mobility across the Si nanoribbons of the p-channel devices and an overall improved CMOS device performance.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a source or drain region, and a contact coupled to the source or drain region. A region including metals and semiconductor materials is between the source or drain region and the contact. A first dopant is within the source or drain region, and a second dopants is within the region. In one example, the first dopant is elementally different from the second dopant. In another example, the first dopant is elementally same as the second dopant, wherein a concentration of the first dopant within a section of the source or drain region is within 20% of a concentration of the second dopant within the region, and wherein the section of the source or drain region is at a distance of at most 5 nanometers (nm) from the region.

Abstract: Techniques are provided herein to form non-planar semiconductor devices in a stacked transistor configuration adjacent to stressor materials. In one example, an n-channel device and a p-channel device may both be gate-all-around transistors each having any number of nanoribbons extending in the same direction, where the n-channel device is located vertically above the p-channel device (or vice versa). Source or drain regions are adjacent to both ends of the n-channel device and both ends of the p-channel device. On the opposite side of the stacked source or drain regions (e.g., opposite from the nanoribbons), stressor materials may be used to fill the gate trench in place of additional semiconductor devices. The stressor materials may include, for instance, a compressive stressor material adjacent to the p-channel device and/or a tensile stressor material adjacent to the n-channel device. The stressor material(s) may form or otherwise be part of a diffusion cut structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an upper device stacked over a lower device. In an example, the upper device includes (i) a first source region, (ii) a first drain region, (iii) a body of semiconductor material extending laterally from the first source region to the first drain region, and (iv) a first gate structure at least in part wrapped around the body. In an example, the lower device includes (i) a second source region, (ii) a second drain region, and (iii) a second gate structure at least in part laterally between the second source region and the second drain region. In an example, the lower device lacks a body of semiconductor material extending laterally from the second source region to the second drain region. In another example, the upper device lacks a body of semiconductor material extending laterally from the first source region to the first drain region.

Abstract: Thin film transistor structures and processes are disclosed that include stacked nanowire bodies to mitigate undesirable short channel effects, which can occur as gate lengths scale down to sub-100 nanometer (nm) dimensions, and to reduce external contact resistance. In an example embodiment, the disclosed structures employ a gate-all-around architecture, in which the gate stack (including a high-k dielectric layer) wraps around each of the stacked channel region nanowires (or nanoribbons) to provide improved electrostatic control. The resulting increased gate surface contact area also provides improved conduction. Additionally, these thin film structures can be stacked with relatively small spacing (e.g., 1 to 20 nm) between nanowire bodies to increase integrated circuit transistor density. In some embodiments, the nanowire body may have a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 nm and a length in the range of 5 to 100 nm.

Abstract: Thin film transistors having double gates are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes an insulator layer above a substrate. A first gate stack is on the insulator layer. A polycrystalline channel material layer is on the first gate stack. A second gate stack is on a first portion of the polycrystalline channel material layer, the second gate stack having a first side opposite a second side. A first conductive contact is adjacent the first side of the second gate stack, the first conductive contact on a second portion of the channel material layer. A second conductive contact is adjacent the second side of the second gate stack, the second conductive contact on a third portion of the channel material layer.

Abstract: Gate-all-around integrated circuit structures having depopulated channel structures, and methods of fabricating gate-all-around integrated circuit structures having depopulated channel structures using a bottom-up oxidation approach, are described. For example, an integrated circuit structure includes a vertical arrangement of nanowires above a substrate. The vertical arrangement of nanowires has one or more active nanowires above one or more oxidized nanowires. A gate stack is over the vertical arrangement of nanowires and around the one or more oxidized nanowires.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a semiconductor device including a substrate. A first capacitor includes a first top plate and a first bottom plate above the substrate. The first top plate is coupled to a first metal electrode within an inter-level dielectric (ILD) layer to access the first capacitor. A second capacitor includes a second top plate and a second bottom plate, where the second top plate is coupled to a second metal electrode within the ILD layer to access the second capacitor. The second metal electrode is disjoint from the first metal electrode. The first capacitor is accessed through the first metal electrode without accessing the second capacitor through the second metal electrode. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure may generally relate to systems, apparatus, and/or processes to form volumes of oxide within a fin, such as a Si fin. In embodiments, this may be accomplished by applying a catalytic oxidant material on a side of a fin and then annealing to form a volume of oxide. In embodiments, this may be accomplished by using a plasma implant technique or a beam-line implant technique to introduce oxygen ions into an area of the fin and then annealing to form a volume of oxide. Processes described here may be used manufacture a transistor, a stacked transistor, or a three-dimensional (3-D) monolithic stacked transistor.

Abstract: A nanowire device of the present description may be produced with the incorporation of at least one hardmask during the fabrication of at least one nanowire transistor in order to assist in protecting an uppermost channel nanowire from damage that may result from fabrication processes, such as those used in a replacement metal gate process and/or the nanowire release process. The use of at least one hardmask may result in a substantially damage free uppermost channel nanowire in a multi-stacked nanowire transistor, which may improve the uniformity of the channel nanowires and the reliability of the overall multi-stacked nanowire transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are tri-gate transistor arrangements, and related methods and devices. For example, in some embodiments, a transistor arrangement may include a fin stack shaped as a fin extending away from a base, and a subfin dielectric stack. The fin includes a subfin portion and a channel portion, the subfin portion being closer to the base than the channel portion. The subfin dielectric stack includes a transistor dielectric material, and a fixed charge liner material disposed between the transistor dielectric material and the subfin portion of the fin.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein may be related to transistor structures where dimpled spacers, which may also be referred to as inner spacers or offset spacers, may be formed around gates within an epitaxial structure such that the epitaxial material adjacent to the dimpled spacer is uniform and/or defect free. In embodiments, forming the dimpled spacers occurs after epitaxial growth. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.