Abstract: Provided are a timing controller, a liquid crystal display (LCD) driver including the same, and a method of outputting display data, where the timing controller receives a vertical synchronous signal and a data enable signal, generates an internal data enable signal having a period that is longer than the period of the data enable signal in response to the vertical synchronous signal and the data enable signal, and updates a memory using the internal data enable signal; where the LCD driver including the timing controller outputs display data stored in a memory device based on the internal data enable signal; where a data line driving circuit drives data lines based on the output display data; and where the method of outputting display data is performed by the LCD driver.

Abstract: Display devices include a display driving circuit, which is configured to generate a source driving signal and a gate driving signal in response to image data and horizontal and vertical sync signals. This display driving circuit includes a resolution-type generator, a timing controller, a source driving circuit and a gate driving circuit. The resolution-type generator is configured to generate a resolution-type signal in response to a resolution selecting code and the timing controller is configured to generate first image data, a source driver control signal and a gate driver control signal in response to the resolution-type signal, the image data and the horizontal and vertical sync signals. The source driving circuit is configured to generate the source driving signal in response to grayscale voltages, the first image data and the source driver control signal. The gate driving circuit is configured to generate the gate driving signal in response to the gate driver control signal.

Abstract: A data driver for driving a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a common grayscale voltage generator configured to output a plurality of common grayscale voltages, a data processing unit configured to expand externally input image data to provide expanded image data and to adjust an offset of the expanded image data to output data offset adjusted image data, and a data signal output unit configured to output as data signals a first grayscale voltage corresponding to the expanded image data and a second grayscale voltage corresponding to the data offset adjusted image data among the plurality of common grayscale voltages.

Abstract: The water gas shift reactor includes a gas reaction tank including a reaction chamber formed in the shape of a hollow body provided with a porous plate installed therein to divide the inside of the reaction chamber into an upper reaction space and a lower collection space and a catalyst stacked on the upper surface of the porous plate to convert carbon monoxide into hydrogen, and an insulating layer provided at the outer surface of the reaction chamber, a syngas storage tank to store the syngas, a syngas supply pipe to supply the syngas to the gas reaction tank, after the syngas is heated by a preheater, a steam supply pipe to supply steam generated from a steam generator to the gas reaction tank such that the steam reacts with the syngas, after the steam is heated by a preheater, and a reaction gas discharge pipe.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display device is disclosed. The display device includes a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate; an auxiliary electrode patterned on and insulated from the first electrode, and having a top surface that has surface roughness; an intermediate layer on the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode; and a second electrode on the intermediate layer and facing the first electrode. The auxiliary electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to each other via the surface roughness of the top surface of the auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes i) a substrate main body including a light emitting area and a sealing area surrounding the light emitting area, ii) an OLED disposed on the light emitting area of the substrate main body, iii) a sealant disposed on the sealing area of the substrate main body and iv) an encapsulation substrate encapsulating the OLED, wherein the encapsulation substrate comprises first and second surfaces opposing each other. The apparatus may further include a heat dissipating wire configured to dissipate heat generated by the OLED. The heat dissipating wire includes a heat absorption portion disposed on the first surface of the encapsulation substrate and contacting the sealant, a heat dissipating portion disposed on the second surface, and a coupling portion interconnecting the absorption portion and the heat dissipating portion.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting apparatus includes a light emitting panel including an organic light emitting diode, a housing for housing the light emitting panel, a cover coupled to the housing and covering a front-side edge of the light emitting panel, a plurality of pins disposed between the housing and the light emitting panel and supporting an edge of the light emitting panel, and at least one contact bar disposed between the plurality of pins and a back-side edge of the light emitting panel.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode lighting apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a light emitting panel including an organic light emitting diode, a receiver receiving the light emitting panel, a cover coupled with the receiver to cover a front edge of the light emitting panel, at least one permanent magnet disposed on the receiver or the cover, and at least one of electromagnet disposed on the receiver or the cover member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) that includes a plurality of pixels, a switch unit, and a gate line driving unit. Each of the pixels includes a liquid crystal capacitor having a pixel electrode and a common electrode, and the pixels are located at intersections of a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of source lines. The switch unit applies source line driving voltages having levels opposite to a common voltage applied to the common electrode, to the source lines. The gate line driving unit sequentially outputs via gate lines gate line driving voltages to control the source line driving voltages to be applied to the pixel electrodes of the pixels. The common voltage transits from a first level to a second level or vice versa at the boundary between a first half frame and a second half frame. At the first half frame, the switch unit applies the source line driving voltages to only odd-numbered source lines.

Abstract: An organic light emitting lighting device that includes a transparent substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, an organic emission layer formed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode line formed of a plurality of second electrode lines disposed in parallel with each other on the organic emission layer, a first fuse unit having one end connected with the first electrode layer, and a plurality of second fuses having one end respectively connected to one end of the plurality of second electrode lines.

Abstract: A source driver, a display device including the same, and a method of driving the display device are provided. The source driver includes a global block configured to output “k” global gamma voltage signals, where “k” is 2 or an integer greater than 2. Each “k” global gamma voltage signal comprises a plurality of grayscale voltages and a pre-emphasis voltage that is output from the global block prior to each of the plurality of grayscale voltages. A channel driver is configured to select a global gamma voltage signal of the “k” global gamma voltage signals. The selected global gamma voltage signal includes a grayscale voltage of the plurality of grayscale voltages. The channel driver outputs the grayscale voltage to a source line in response to the channel driver receiving image data.

Abstract: Methods of driving source lines and/or circuits/systems for driving source lines are provided. Source lines of a display device are driven by comparing first data for driving a first buffer associated with a first source line of the display device and second data for driving a second buffer associated with a second source line of the display device and selectively disabling the second buffer and driving the second source line of the display device with the first buffer based on the comparison of the first and second data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating gradation voltages are provided. Maximum and minimum reference voltages are selected from a distribution of voltages ranging from a first source voltage to a second source voltage. The maximum reference voltage is selected as a 1st gradation voltage and the minimum reference voltage is selected as an Nth gradation voltage, or vice versa, in response to an inversion control signal, where N is a natural number. First to Mth gamma voltages are selected from among a plurality of voltages generated by a voltage distribution between the 1st gradation voltage and the Nth gradation voltage. Second to (N?1)th gradation voltages are generated from a voltage distribution between the 1st gradation voltage and the Nth gradation voltage, using the 1st gamma voltage to the Mth gamma voltage, where M is a natural number.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode and a method of fabricating the same. The organic light emitting diode includes a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, emission layers on the first electrode including red, green and blue pixel regions, and a second electrode on the emission layers. The organic light emitting diode further includes an electron transport layer on the emission layers, and an intermediate layer formed by co-depositing metal quinolate and an organic material between at least one of the emission layers and the electron transport layer. The intermediate layer inhibits hole transport and increases a life span of the red pixel region.

Abstract: Methods of driving source lines and/or circuits/systems for driving source lines are provided. Source lines of a display device are driven by comparing first data for driving a first buffer associated with a first source line of the display device and second data for driving a second buffer associated with a second source line of the display device and selectively disabling the second buffer and driving the second source line of the display device with the first buffer based on the comparison of the first and second data.

Abstract: Methods of driving source lines and/or circuits/systems for driving source lines are provided. Source lines of a display device are driven by comparing first data for driving a first buffer associated with a first source line of the display device and second data for driving a second buffer associated with a second source line of the display device and selectively disabling the second buffer and driving the second source line of the display device with the first buffer based on the comparison of the first and second data.

Abstract: A panel driving circuit that produces a panel test pattern and a method of testing a panel are provided. The driving circuit includes a pattern generation unit and a selection unit. The pattern generation unit responds to a system clock and produces pattern test data and pattern test signals. The selection unit responds to a test signal and selects and outputs either (a) the pattern test data and the pattern test signals that are outputted from the pattern generation unit, or (b) the pattern test data and pattern test signals that are directly applied from the outside. The driving circuit and the method of the panel test generates the panel test data, the horizontal synchronizing signal, the vertical synchronizing signal, and the data activating signal within the driving circuit using a system clock so that the testing of the panel can be carried out without using a separate test device.

Abstract: A supply voltage removal detecting circuit, a display device and method for removing a latent image when a supply voltage is disconnected, in which the supply voltage removal detecting circuit includes a voltage controller, a detection signal generator, and an output unit. The voltage controller controls voltages such that when a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage stay at a first level, the voltage at a first node is greater than the voltage at a second node, and when the first supply voltage or the second supply voltage becomes a second level, the voltage at the second node stays at a specific level, and the voltage at the first node is less than the specific level. The detection signal generator generates a detection signal by comparing the voltage at the first node with the voltage at the second node.

Abstract: A 3D semiconductor device includes an electrode structure has electrodes stacked on a substrate, semiconductor patterns penetrating the electrode structure, charge storing patterns interposed between the semiconductor patterns and the electrode structure, and blocking insulating patterns interposed between the charge storing patterns and the electrode structure. Each of the blocking insulating patterns surrounds the semiconductor patterns, and the charge storing patterns are horizontally spaced from each other and configured in such a way as to each be disposed around a respective one of the semiconductor patterns. Also, each of the charge storing patterns includes a plurality of horizontal segments, each interposed between vertically adjacent ones of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of automatically recovering bit values of a control register includes storing command data inputted from a host in the control register and a portion of a graphic RAM (GRAM), and while a scanning operation is performed by the GRAM, outputting the command data stored in the GRAM to the control register and refreshing the control register.