Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object by bottom-up three-dimensional fabrication by irradiating a polymerizable liquid to produce the three-dimensional object, is described. In the method: (i) a Lewis acid or an oxidizable tin salt (e.g., stannous octoate) is included in said polymerizable liquid in an amount effective to accelerate the formation of said three-dimensional object during said fabrication; and/or (ii) the three-dimensional object is irradiated after forming to further polymerize unpolymerized material remaining in the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects from polymerizable liquids are described. The methods and apparatus are implemented in the form of a bottom up additive manufacturing apparatus, and in preferred embodiments are implemented in the form of Continuous Liquid Interface Production (or “CLIP”) methods and apparatus. Rotation of at least one of the carrier and the build plate is preferably included, for example to facilitate the filling of the build region with the polymerizable liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of forming a three-dimensional object having a biodegradable or bioerodible polymer or copolymer. In some embodiments, the methods include providing a dual cure resin with a photoinitiator, monomers and/or prepolymers that are polymerizable by exposure to actinic radiation or light, at least one cyclic ester, a ring-opening polymerization initiator, and a ring-opening polymerization catalyst. Resins useful for carrying out such methods, and products produced from such methods, are also described.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter describes the use of fluorinated elastomer-based materials, in particular perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based materials, in high-resolution soft or imprint lithographic applications, such as micro- and nanoscale replica molding, and the first nano-contact molding of organic materials to generate high fidelity features using an elastomeric mold. Accordingly, the presently disclosed subject matter describes a method for producing free-standing, isolated nanostructures of any shape using soft or imprint lithography technique.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object, which method includes a cleaning or washing step, is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and a fill level, and optionally an optically transparent member having a build surface defining the fill level, the carrier and the fill level having a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light, to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and also advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object and containing the second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; (d) washing the three-dimensional intermediate; and (e) concurr

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object is carried out by: (a) providing a cyanate ester dual cure resin; (b) forming a three-dimensional intermediate from said resin, where said intermediate has the shape of, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object, and where said resin is solidified by exposure to light; (c) optionally washing the three-dimensional intermediate, and then (d) heating and/or microwave irradiating said three-dimensional intermediate sufficiently to further cure said resin and form said three-dimensional object. Compositions useful for carrying out the method, and products made from the method, are also described.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object is carried out by: (a) providing a cyanate ester dual cure resin; (b) forming a three-dimensional intermediate from said resin, where said intermediate has the shape of, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object, and where said resin is solidified by exposure to light; (c) optionally washing the three-dimensional intermediate, and then (d) heating and/or microwave irradiating said three-dimensional intermediate sufficiently to further cure said resin and form said three-dimensional object. Compositions useful for carrying out the method, and products made from the method, are also described.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of forming a three-dimensional object, comprising: (a) providing a carrier and a fill level having a build region therebetween; (b) filling said build region with a polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component; (c) irradiating said build region with light to form a solid polymer scaffold from said first component and also advancing said carrier away from said build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object and containing said second solidifiable component carried in said scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; and (d) solidifying and/or curing said second solidifiable component in said three-dimensional intermediate. The solidifying and/or curing step (d) may increase the elasticity and/or decrease the rigidity of said intermediate in forming said three-dimensional object.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter describes the use of fluorinated elastomer-based materials, in particular perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based materials, in high-resolution soft or imprint lithographic applications, such as micro- and nanoscale replica molding, and the first nano-contact molding of organic materials to generate high fidelity features using an elastomeric mold. Accordingly, the presently disclosed subject matter describes a method for producing free-standing, isolated nanostructures of any shape using soft or imprint lithography technique.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, the carrier and the build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid including a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light through the optically transparent member to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and also advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object, and containing the second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; and (d) concurrently with or subsequent to the irradiating step, solidifying and/or curing the second solidifiable compone

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of forming a three-dimensional object having a biodegradable or bioerodible polymer or copolymer. In some embodiments, the methods include providing a dual cure resin with a photoinitiator, monomers and/or prepolymers that are polymerizable by exposure to actinic radiation or light, at least one cyclic ester, a ring-opening polymerization initiator, and a ring-opening polymerization catalyst. Resins useful for carrying out such methods, and products produced from such methods, are also described.

Abstract: Provided herein according to some embodiments is a method of forming a three-dimensional intermediate object with a polymerizable liquid, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a microwave absorbing material, (ii) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (iii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the method includes supporting the three-dimensional intermediate with a separate support media prior to solidifying and/or curing the second solidifiable component in the three-dimensional intermediate to form the three-dimensional object; and then optionally separating said support media when present from said three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object by bottom-up three-dimensional fabrication by irradiating a polymerizable liquid to produce the three-dimensional object, is described. In the method: (i) a Lewis acid or an oxidizable tin salt (e.g., stannous octoate) is included in said polymerizable liquid in an amount effective to accelerate the formation of said three-dimensional object during said fabrication; and/or (ii) the three-dimensional object is irradiated after forming to further polymerize unpolymerized material remaining in the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object is carried out by: (a) providing a cyanate ester dual cure resin; (b) forming a three-dimensional intermediate from said resin, where said intermediate has the shape of, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object, and where said resin is solidified by exposure to light; (c) optionally washing the three-dimensional intermediate, and then (d) heating and/or microwave irradiating said three-dimensional intermediate sufficiently to further cure said resin and form said three-dimensional object. Compositions useful for carrying out the method, and products made from the method, are also described.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object, which method includes a cleaning or washing step, is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and a fill level, and optionally an optically transparent member having a build surface defining the fill level, the carrier and the fill level having a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light, to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and also advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object and containing the second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; (d) washing the three-dimensional intermediate; and (e) concurr

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object is provided herein, which may be carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and a fill level, the carrier and the fill level having a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; the polymerizable liquid further comprising a Lewis acid or an oxidizable tin salt in an amount effective to accelerate the formation of the three-dimensional intermediate during the irradiating; and (c) irradiating the build region with light to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and also advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate.

Abstract: A method of forming a dual cure three-dimensional object by additive manufacturing may be carried out by mixing a first precursor liquid and a second precursor liquid to produce a polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component (e.g., a second reactive component) that is different from the first component (e.g., that does not contain a cationic photoinitiator, or is further solidified by a different physical mechanism, or further reacted, polymerized or chain extended by a different chemical reaction). In the foregoing: (i) at least one reactant of the second solidifiable component is contained in the first precursor liquid, and (ii) at least one reactant or catalyst of the second solidifiable component is contained in the second precursor liquid. Once mixed, the three-dimensional object may be formed from the resin by a dual cure additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional object, which method includes a cleaning or washing step, is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and a fill level, and optionally an optically transparent member having a build surface defining the fill level, the carrier and the fill level having a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light, to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and also advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object and containing the second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; (d) washing the three-dimensional intermediate; and (e) concurr

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of forming a three-dimensional object, which may be carried out by: (a) forming a three-dimensional intermediate by polymerization of a polymerizable liquid in an additive manufacturing process, the polymerizable liquid comprising a light polymerizable component; then (b) contacting at least a portion of the three-dimensional intermediate to a penetrant fluid, the penetrant fluid carrying a solidifiable component, the contacting step carried out under conditions in which the solidifiable component penetrates into the three-dimensional intermediate; (c) optionally but preferably separating the three-dimensional intermediate from the penetrant fluid; and then (d) solidifying and/or curing the solidifiable component in the three-dimensional intermediate to form the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A method of forming a dual cure three-dimensional object by additive manufacturing may be carried out by mixing a first precursor liquid and a second precursor liquid to produce a polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component (e.g., a second reactive component) that is different from the first component (e.g., that does not contain a cationic photoinitiator, or is further solidified by a different physical mechanism, or further reacted, polymerized or chain extended by a different chemical reaction). In the foregoing: (i?) at least one reactant of the second solidifiable component is contained in the first precursor liquid, and (ii?) at least one reactant or catalyst of the second solidifiable component is contained in the second precursor liquid. Once mixed, the three-dimensional object may be formed from the resin by a dual cure additive manufacturing process.