Abstract: An ion-ion reaction cell is provided comprising a plurality of electrodes (1) forming an ion guide (2). One or more transient DC voltage waves (8, 9) are applied to the electrodes (2). Reagent anions and analyte cations are arranged to undergo ion-ion reactions within the reaction cell and the resulting fragment ions which are formed within the reaction cell are then subsequently translated out of the reaction cell by means of one or more transient DC voltage waves (8, 9).

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an Electron Transfer Dissociation cell (1). Positive analyte ions are fragmented into fragment ions upon colliding with singly charged negative reagent ions with the cell (1). The cell comprises a plurality of ring electrodes (1) which form a spherical trapping volume. Ions experience negligible RF heating over the majority. of the trapping volume which enables the kinetic energy of the analyte and reagent ions to be reduced to just above thermal temperatures. An Electron Transfer Dissociation cell (1) having an enhanced sensitivity is thereby provided. Fragment ions created within the cell (1) may be cooled and may be transmitted onwardly to an orthogonal acceleration Time of Flight mass analyser enabling a significant improvement in the resolution of the mass analyser to be obtained.

Abstract: A Time of Flight mass analyser is disclosed comprising an ion detector comprising an Analogue to Digital Converter. Output signals from the ion detector are digitised and the arrival times and intensity values relating to ion arrival events are determined. If the determined arrival times from two signals fall within the same time window then the arrival times are added together in a weighted manner and the intensity values are combined.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a Time of Flight mass analyser comprising an ion detector comprising an Analogue to Digital Converter. Signals from the Analogue to Digital Converter are digitised and the arrival time and intensity of ions are determined. The arrival time T0 and intensity S0 of each ion arrival event is converted into two separate intensities S(n),S(n+i) which are stored in neighbouring time bins T(n), T(n+1).

Abstract: A multi-turn Time of Plight mass analyser is disclosed comprising a first electric sector (5) and a second electric sector (8). The second electric sector (8) is arranged orthogonal to the first electric sector (5). Ions may make multiple loops or circuits of the mass analyser before being detected and mass analysed enabling a high resolution mass analyser to be provided. According to another embodiment the mass analyser may have an open-loop geometry wherein the first electric sector is elongated and further electric sectors are arranged in a staggered manner along the length of the first electric sector. The first and second electric sectors (5,8) may be sub-divided into a plurality of electric sector segments.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed wherein voltage signals from an ion detector are analysed. A second differential of each voltage signal is obtained and the start and end times of observed voltage peaks are determined. The intensity and average time of each voltage peak is then determined and the intensity and time values are stored. An intermediate composite mass spectrum is then formed by combining the intensity and time values which relate to each voltage peak observed from multiple experimental runs. The various pairs of time and intensity data are then integrated to produce a smooth continuum mass spectrum. The continuum mass spectrum may then be further processed by determining the second differential of the continuum mass spectrum. The start and end times of mass peaks observed in the continuum mass spectrum may be determined. The intensity and mass to charge ratio of each mass peak observed in the continuum mass spectrum may then determined.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cleaning wafer surfaces are provided, especially for cleaning surfaces of patterned wafers. The cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning head with channels on the surface facing the patterned wafers which has a predominant pattern. Cleaning material flowing the channels exerts a shear force on the surface of a patterned wafer, which is oriented in a specific direction to the cleaning head. The shear force and the specific orientation between the patterned wafer and the cleaning head improve the removal efficiency of the surface contaminants.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed comprising an orthogonal acceleration electrode 9. Ions entering the mass filter are orthogonally accelerated by the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 in a primary acceleration region 2 and enter a flight region 3. The ions 6,7,8 are then reflected by a reflectron 4 and are directed towards an exit region of the mass filter. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are arranged to arrive in the primary acceleration region 2 at a time when a voltage pulse applied to the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 falls from a maximum to zero. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are orthogonally decelerated such that they have a zero component of velocity in the orthogonal direction. Accordingly, ions having a desired mass to charge ratio exit the mass filter in an axial direction.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a guide wire ion guide 1 having an outer cylindrical electrode 2 and an inner guide wire electrode 3. AC and DC potential differences are maintained between the outer electrode 2 and the inner electrode 3 so that ions are radially confined within the ion guide 1 in an annular potential well. The outer electrode 2 may be segmented and axial potential wells created along the length of the ion guide 1 may be translated along the length of the ion guide 1 by applying additional transient DC potentials to the segments forming the outer electrode 2.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed comprising an orthogonal acceleration electrode 9. Ions entering the mass filter are orthogonally accelerated by the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 in a primary acceleration region 2 and enter a flight region 3. The ions 6,7,8 are then reflected by a reflectron 4 and are directed towards an exit region of the mass filter. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are arranged to arrive in the primary acceleration region 2 at a time when a voltage pulse applied to the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 falls from a maximum to zero. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are orthogonally decelerated such that they have a zero component of velocity in the orthogonal direction. Accordingly, ions having a desired mass to charge ratio exit the mass filter in an axial direction.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion source 4, a field free or drift region 5 and an ion mirror 7 comprising a reflectron. Metastable parent ions which spontaneously fragment by Post Source Decay whilst passing through the field free or drift region 5 are arranged to enter the ion mirror 7 and be reflected by the reflectron towards an ion detector 8 when the reflectron is maintained at a certain voltage. The process is then repeated with the reflectron being maintained at a slightly lower voltage. Two related sets of time of flight or mass spectral data are obtained for the two different voltage settings of the reflectron. From the two data sets the different times of flight for the same species of fragment ion can be determined. The mass to charge ratio of the parent ion which fragmented to produce the particular species of fragment ion can then be determined from the times of flight of the fragment ions.

Abstract: A novel Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) desalting sample support plate is described. The plate comprises a sample presentation surface, wherein the sample presentation surface comprises at least one receiving surface of an absorbent layer, wherein the absorbent layer retains selected molecules on the receiving surface. Methods for making and using the sample support plate in conventional and automated MALDI-MS are also described.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system for changing the travel reservation of a passenger based on the detection of a modification event. The system employs a travel monitoring software module that can be used to monitor passengers and anticipate needed changes in reservations. Once a passenger's reservation is rebooked, a local computer system and a local gate information display system can be used to display the updated travel reservation and permit boarding under the new reservation. Passengers can also use scan-print devices to quickly receive a new copy of their travel itinerary reflecting the rebooking. The entire system facilitates the movement of passengers through terminals to their respective departure points. The system also reduces the number of personnel needed to manage irregular travel operations.

Abstract: A circular product term allocator configured to provide connections for product term signals to macrocells of a programmable logic device is provided. The circular product term allocator may provide such connections through a logic OR function. Alternatively, a homogeneous product term allocator may be configured to provide connections for product term signals to macrocells of a programmable logic device. The homogeneous product term allocator may be configured to provide each of the product term signals to an equal number of macrocells. In yet another embodiment, a programmable logic device includes a plurality of macrocells and a product term allocator configured to provide an equal number of product term signals to each of the macrocells. In yet a further embodiment, a method of distributing product terms in a programmable logic device is accomplished by configuring a product term allocator to provide an equal number of product terms, but fewer than all of the product terms, to each of the macrocells.

Abstract: A macrocell for a programmable logic device includes a carry generator for generating a carry input to the macrocell, the carry generator having an inverting input and at least one non-inverting input. A carry decoupler controls the carry generator and allows any macrocell to be decoupled from a next adjacent macrocell. An XOR gate having a first input is coupled to the output of the carry generator and a second input thereof is connected to a logic input to the macrocell. A register is coupled to the output of the XOR gate. A macrocell output selector includes a first input coupled to an output of the register and a second input coupled to the output of the XOR gate.

Abstract: A message output controller (103) which receives continuous pre-recorded advertising messages from a master message playing device and console (101). The system incorporating several controllers (103) and a single console (101) is intended to be installed in a fuel service station, to provide advertising at fuel dispenser pumps. The console (101) plays messages continuously with a tone or the like between each message. The console (101) may include other features such as a public address (PA) system (111 and 113). The controllers (103) each receive the messages, but the messages are not played until a person is proximal, indicated by sensing (141) the nozzle being lifted in the fuel dispenser pump, and the tone or the like indicating a transition between messages being decoded (137). The result is that only complete messages are played at the controller (103).

Abstract: A system for providing self-alignment of an appendage or other movable part comprising an input device, a self-aligning clutch, a processor, a feedback sensor, and a timer. The input device drives a set of gears including a partial output gear. The self-aligning clutch is coupled to the output gear and moves the appendage in response to the rotational motion of the output gear. The self-aligning clutch includes a flexible link for transferring energy from the output gear to the appendage and for maintaining the relative alignment between the appendage and the output gear. When an obstruction prevents the appendage from moving to the desired position, the flexible link stores energy. After the obstruction is removed, the flexible link releases the stored energy to move the appendage so that the relative alignment between the output gear and the appendage is maintained. The self-aligning clutch prevents damage to the servo when an external force is applied to the appendage.

Abstract: A macrocell for a programmable logic device includes a carry generator for generating a carry input to the macrocell, the carry generator having an inverting input and at least one non-inverting input. A carry decoupler controls the carry generator and allows any macrocell to be decoupled from a next adjacent macrocell. An XOR gate having a first input is coupled to the output of the carry generator and a second input thereof is connected to a logic input to the macrocell. A register is coupled to the output of the XOR gate. A macrocell output selector includes a first input coupled to an output of the register and a second input coupled to the output of the XOR gate.

Abstract: A block clock and initialization circuit for a programmable logic block in a complex very high density programmable logic device generates a plurality of block clock signals and block initialization signals for elements in the programmable logic block. The block clock and initialization circuit includes a block clock generator circuit and a block initialization circuit. The block clock generator circuit receives a first set of product terms in a plurality of product terms and a plurality of clock signals as input signals. In response to the input signals, the block clock generator circuit generates output signals on a plurality of block clock lines. The block initialization circuit receives a second set of product terms in the plurality of product terms as input signals. In response to the input signals, the block initialization circuit generates a plurality of output signals on the block initialization lines.

Abstract: A power-on reset control circuit and associated method for deactivating a global power-on-reset signal based on whether circuitry, critical to correct functionality of an electronic system employing the power-on reset, is functioning correctly. The power-on reset control circuit comprises a control emulation circuit for transmitting a control signal through a first control line to indicate that the circuitry is operating correctly. The power-on reset control circuit further comprises a control verification circuit, coupled to the control emulation circuit through the first control line, for deactivating the global power-on reset signal upon receiving an active local power-on reset signal indicating that the power source is providing a voltage at an operating threshold level and the active control signal from the control emulation circuit.