Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory block including a plurality of memory cells which are coupled to a plurality of word lines; and a control unit configured to perform a read operation in response to a read command for target memory cells which are coupled to a target word line, wherein the control unit performs the read operation by applying a read bias voltage to the target word line, applying a first pass bias to a monitoring word line, applying a second pass bias to one or more adjacent word lines adjacent to the target word line, and applying a third pass bias to remaining word lines.

Abstract: A method for operating a data storage device including a plurality of pages includes performing a read operation to a first page of the nonvolatile memory device according to a read voltage; adjusting the read voltage based on a number of error bits in the read-out data according to the read voltage; performing the read operation to the first page according to the adjusted read voltage; and performing a re-program operation to the first page based on a number of on cells as a result of the read operation according to the adjusted read voltage.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory apparatus including a memory block including a plurality of pages; and a processor suitable for writing write data in target pages of the memory block, and backing up special management data of the write data in at least one backup page of the memory block.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a nonvolatile memory device including a memory block; and a controller suitable for controlling the nonvolatile memory device to perform a string read operation on the memory block, and estimating a data storage rate of the memory block based on string read data acquired through the string read operation. When performing the string read operation, the nonvolatile memory device may apply the same read voltage to a plurality of word lines included in the memory block at the same time, acquire the string read data from the memory block according to the read voltage, and transmit the string read data to the controller.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a nonvolatile memory device including a memory block; and a controller suitable for controlling the nonvolatile memory device to perform a string read operation on the memory block, and estimating a data storage rate of the memory block based on string read data acquired through the string read operation. When performing the string read operation, the nonvolatile memory device may apply the same read voltage to a plurality of word lines included in the memory block at the same time, acquire the string read data from the memory block according to the read voltage, and transmit the string read data to the controller.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of memory blocks, each having a plurality of pages, wherein each of the pages is divided into a plurality of segments having predetermined segment offset values, and the plurality of segments are grouped into a plurality of segment groups, each comprising segments having the same segment offset value; and a controller suitable for storing data in a first segment group among the plurality of segment groups until the first segment group includes no more empty segments.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device, a plurality of memory blocks which include a plurality of memory cells electrically coupled to a plurality of word lines and store data requested from a host; and a controller suitable for programming first data in a first memory cell among the plurality of memory cells based on a write command received from the host, determining a read voltage of the first memory cell, and reading the first data programmed in the first memory cell based on the read voltage in response to a read command received from the host.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory apparatus including a memory block including a plurality of pages; and a processor suitable for writing write data in target pages of the memory block, and backing up special management data of the write data in at least one backup page of the memory block.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device, a plurality of memory blocks which include a plurality of memory cells electrically coupled to a plurality of word lines and store data requested from a host; and a controller suitable for programming first data in a first memory cell among the plurality of memory cells based on a write command received from the host, determining a read voltage of the first memory cell, and reading the first data programmed in the first memory cell based on the read voltage in response to a read command received from the host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, including memory blocks suitable for storing data, peripheral circuits suitable for refreshing the memory blocks, and a control circuit suitable for controlling the peripheral circuits to change data stored in a first memory block among the memory blocks and refresh the first memory block with changed data, and an operating method thereof.

Abstract: A data processing method, apparatus, and computer program product for performing a similarity comparison between software programs are provided. An aspect of the invention provides a data processing method for performing a similarity comparison between two programs, where the data processing method includes: (a) extracting API names from each program and converting the API names to unique text sequences of a particular byte; (b) establishing a frequency table by counting a frequency of the extracted API names; (c) recording the API names converted into the unique text sequences in a log file in the order of extraction; and (d) saving the frequency table as a file and compressing the log file.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, including memory blocks suitable for storing data, peripheral circuits suitable for refreshing the memory blocks, and a control circuit suitable for controlling the peripheral circuits to change data stored in a first memory block among the memory blocks and refresh the first memory block with changed data, and an operating method thereof.

Abstract: A data processing method, apparatus, and computer program product for performing a similarity comparison between software programs are provided. An aspect of the invention provides a data processing method for performing a similarity comparison between two programs, where the data processing method includes: (a) extracting API names from each program and converting the API names to unique text sequences of a particular byte; (b) establishing a frequency table by counting a frequency of the extracted API names; (c) recording the API names converted into the unique text sequences in a log file in the order of extraction; and (d) saving the frequency table as a file and compressing the log file.

Abstract: A non-invasive cerebral perfusion increasing device including four cuffing pad units and a control unit which is connected to the cuffing pad units and is equipped with a blood pressure sensing module and a compression control module. In the non-invasive cerebral perfusion increasing device each cuffing pad unit respectively includes a compression pad, a compression control member and a blood pressure sensing member. The blood pressure sensing module uses the blood pressure sensing members to sense the systolic blood pressure values of the portions of each of the limbs where they are attached and the compression control module controls the degree of compression of each compression pad by controlling the compression control member to a setting desired by the user based on the sensed blood pressure value, such that the blood flow applied to the limbs is blocked and, indirectly, cerebral perfusion is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising erythropoietin (EPO) as an active ingredient for aiding surgical procedures for treating ischemic vascular diseases. The present invention also relates to a method for treating ischemic vascular diseases using said composition. The composition for aiding surgical procedures according to the present invention may improve the success rate of a variety of surgical procedures including multiple cutting operations performed on an adult patient suffering from a variety of ischemic vascular diseases including moyamoya disease, and can be widely used in the treatment of a variety of ischemic vascular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for quickly and accurately identifying and classifying resistance genes of a plant from a protein or DNA sequence. In order to identify and classify resistance genes of a plant using a hidden marcov model, conceived is a profile matrix made using a protein sequence of a domain which is encoded by the resistance genes, and a system for identifying the domain of the resistance genes using the profile matrix and classifying the resistance genes by domain combination. The present invention enables effective identification and classification of the resistance genes of a plant using the profile matrix and program, of which the nucleotide base sequence or protein sequence is detected.

Abstract: Provided is a method of allocating a stack in a multi-threaded sensor operating system environment. The method dynamically allocates as much stack space as is required by a thread, thereby enabling efficient use of stack space. The method includes the steps of: whenever a function is called while a thread is performing an operation, dynamically allocating a stack space to be used by the called function; and when execution of the function is finished, returning the allocated stack space.