Abstract: Disclosed are a crystal of the compound (S)—N—((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazacycloheptane-2-carboxamide salt or a salt thereof, a preparation method therefor, and the uses thereof in pharmaceutical compositions and in medicine.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a polymorph of a compound of formula I (R)-2-(3,5-dichloro-4-((7-(methyl-d3)-1-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta [d]pyridazin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-carbonitrile, a preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and pharmaceutical use therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by formula (I). The method comprises: carrying out a coupling reaction on a compound 1A and a compound 2a, and sequentially carrying out deprotection, amidation and deprotection reactions, which are four steps in total, to obtain a target compound. The method is short in reaction route, mild in condition, simple to operate, convenient in post-treatment, high in yield and high in purity, and is suitable for industrial amplification production.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a polymorph of a compound as shown in formula I, and a preparation method and use therefor. The polymorph of the present invention comprises a crystal form B, a crystal form C, and a crystal form D. The polymorph has excellent characteristics of high purity, good solubility, stable physical and chemical properties, resistance to high temperature, high humidity, and strong illumination, low hygroscopicity, etc.

Abstract: A battery may include a first electrode and a second electrode having an opposite polarity as the first electrode. The battery may further include a first current collector electrically coupled with the first electrode and a second current collector electrically coupled with the second electrode. A safe layer may be interposed between the first electrode and first current collector. The safe layer may be configured to respond to being exposed to a first temperature by interrupting a current flow in the battery cell. The safe layer may interrupt the current flow in the battery cell by forming a non-conductive gap between the first electrode and the first current collector. The safe layer may include a first polymer instead of a second polymer such that the safe layer interrupts the current flow in response to the first temperature and not a second temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a preparation method of a pyridazinone derivative, an intermediate thereof, and a preparation method of the intermediate. The method has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple steps, low costs, good intermediate stability, high purity and high yield, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Abstract: A battery cell may include an electrolyte, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. One or both of the first electrode and the second electrode may include a multifunctional safety layer interposed between an electrode layer and a current collector. The multifunctional safety layer may include a protective layer and a safety layer. The safety layer may respond to a first trigger by interrupting current flow within the battery cell. The protective layer may prevent a reaction between the safety layer and the electrolyte and/or the electrode layer of the battery cell. The protective layer may respond to a second trigger by exposing the safety layer to the electrolyte and/or the electrode layer of the battery cell. The resulting physical and/or chemical reactions may interrupt the current flow in the battery cell.

Abstract: A battery may include a first electrode and a second electrode having an opposite polarity as the first electrode. The battery may further include a first current collector electrically coupled with the first electrode and a second current collector electrically coupled with the second electrode. A safe layer may be interposed between the first electrode and first current collector. The safe layer may be configured to respond to being exposed to a first temperature by interrupting a current flow in the battery cell. The safe layer may interrupt the current flow in the battery cell by forming a non-conductive gap between the first electrode and the first current collector. The safe layer may include a first polymer instead of a second polymer such that the safe layer interrupts the current flow in response to the first temperature and not a second temperature.

Abstract: A battery cell may include a lid, a case, a jellyroll, and a gasket. The lid may include a first pin and a second pin. The case may form a chamber when sealed with the lid. The jellyroll may include a negative electrode having a negative electrode tab and a positive electrode having a positive electrode tab. The jellyroll may be disposed inside the chamber. The negative electrode tab may couple with the first pin to form a negative terminal of the battery cell and the positive electrode tab may couple with the second pin to form a positive terminal of the battery cell. The gasket may partially encase each of the negative electrode tab and the positive electrode tab to prevent a contact between the negative electrode tab, the positive electrode tab, and/or the case of the battery cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a battery cell may include forming a positive electrode and a negative electrode before interposing a separator therebetween. A disk of a non-lithium sacrificial material, such as zinc (Zn), may be secured to a case. A sheet of materials including the separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be inserted into the case, either wound into a jellyroll or left as is. In some cases, a negative tab extending from the negative electrode may be extended through an opening in the disk of non-lithium sacrificial material. The negative tab may then be welded to the disk and the case of the battery cell to provide an electrical connection between the negative electrode and the non-lithium sacrificial material as well as an electrical connection between the negative electrode and a negative terminal of the battery cell.

Abstract: Provided are a method for determining a total soluble salt (TSSC) in a saline soil, and a method for evaluating a soil type and a salinization degree of a saline soil. Based on a principle for measuring a refractive index, as well as a relationship that refractive index is directly proportional to a solution concentration, the TSSC is rapidly determined through measured refractive index and a linear relationship between the refractive index of a saline soil leachate and the TSSC. The TSSC is quickly determined by using a portable refractometer; and contents of chloride ions and sulfate ions are quickly determined by using a portable chloride ion electrode-sensing analyzer and a portable barium ion electrode-sensing analyzer, respectively. In this way, rapid determination of TSSC and evaluation of salinization degree in the saline soil are realized at a construction site.

Abstract: A battery cell may be formed to include a surplus lithium. The surplus lithium may be disposed inside a cavity formed by winding a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode to form a jelly roll of the battery cell. The surplus lithium may be discharged in order to pre-lithiate the battery cell. For example, the surplus lithium may be coupled with the positive electrode and discharged while the battery cell is at least partially charged. Alternatively, the surplus lithium may be coupled with the negative electrode and discharged while the battery cell is at least partially discharged. Moreover, the surplus lithium may be coupled with a negative current collector of the battery cell in order to prevent one or more chemical reactions triggered by an over discharge of the battery cell from corroding the negative current collector of the battery cell.

Abstract: A hybrid solid state electrolyte (SSE) can include a plurality of SSE particles suspended in a salt-in-solvent (SIS). A battery can include the hybrid SSE. The battery can be formed by at least forming the hybrid SSE in situ. Forming the hybrid SSE in situ can include: depositing, on a surface of an electrode of the battery, a mixture comprising the SSE particles and at least a portion of salt for the SIS; filling the battery with a solvent; and heating the battery to form the SIS by at least melting and/or dissolving the portion of the salt into the solvent.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: A battery cell may include a first electrode coupled with a first current collector, a second electrode coupled with a second current collector, and a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell may further include a negative thermal expansion (NTE) current interrupter including a pyrophosphate. The negative thermal expansion (NTE) current interrupter may be interposed between the first electrode and the first current collector and/or the separator and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. The negative thermal expansion (NTE) current interrupter may respond to a temperature trigger by contracting, which includes a decrease in a size of the negative thermal expansion (NTE) current interrupter along one or more dimensions. The contraction of the negative thermal expansion (NTE) current interrupter may form a nonconductive gap that disrupts a current flow within the battery cell.

Abstract: A battery cell may include a positive electrode coupled with a positive current collector and a negative electrode coupled with a negative current collector. The battery cell may further include a sacrificial electrode coupled with the negative electrode but not the positive electrode. The sacrificial electrode may be formed from a first material having a lower decomposition voltage than a second material forming the negative current collector. As such, the sacrificial electrode may decompose instead of the negative current collector while the battery cell is discharged below a minimum voltage of the battery cell. In doing so, the sacrificial electrode may preserve the capacity and cycle life of the battery cell even when the battery cell is discharged to a low-voltage state or a zero-voltage state.

Abstract: A battery can include a separator, a first current collector, a protective layer, and a first electrode. The first current collector and the protective layer can be disposed on one side of the separator. The first electrode can be disposed on an opposite side of the separator as the first current collector and the protective layer. Subjecting the battery to an activation process can cause metal to be extracted from the first electrode and deposited between the first current collector and the protective layer. The metal can be deposited to at least form a second electrode between the first current collector and the protective layer.

Abstract: An electric power system such as, for example, a circuit, an electric appliance, an electric generator, and/or an energy storage system, can be coupled with a negative thermal expansion component. The negative thermal expansion component can be formed from a material having negative thermal expansion properties such that the negative thermal expansion component contracts in response to an increase in temperature. The contraction of the negative thermal expansion component can form a nonconductive gap that disrupts current flow through the electric power system. The disruption of the current flow can eliminate hazards associated with the electric power system overcharging, overheating, and/or developing an internal short circuit.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: An enhanced solid state battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a solid state electrolyte layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell can further include a resistive layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The resistive layer can be electrically conductive in order to regulate an internal current flow within the battery cell. The internal current flow can result from an internal short circuit formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The internal short circuit can be formed from the solid state electrolyte layer being penetrated by metal dendrites formed at the first electrode and/or the second electrode.