Abstract: An improved high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery with an anode energy layer, a cathode energy layer, a separator between the anode and cathode energy layers for preventing internal discharge thereof, and at least one current collector for transferring electrons to and from either the anode or cathode energy layer, includes a resistive layer interposed between the separator and one of the current collectors for limiting the rate of internal discharge through the failed separator in the event of separator failure. The resistive layer has a fixed resistivity at temperatures between a preferred temperature range and an upper temperature safety limit for operating the battery. The resistive layer serves to avoid temperatures in excess of the upper temperature safety limit in the event of separator failure in the battery, and a fixed resistivity of the resistive layer is greater than the internal resistivity of either energy layer.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for estimating tension of a chain of a scraper conveyor, belonging to a method for estimating chain tension. The method comprises the following steps: embedding strain sensors in a plurality of scrapers of a scraper conveyor to measure the tension of weak coupling points between the scrapers and chains, converting acquired sensor signals into data signals through an A/D conversion unit, transmitting the data signals to a data control center using a wireless transmission module, further processing the tension data information of the weak coupling points through the data control center, establishing a chain tension distribution model, and determining an the estimated tension of the chain of the scraper conveyor. The method provided by the present invention is simple, efficient and practical, and the estimation of tension of the whole continuous moving chain is completed by the tension measurement at limited positions of the chain.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: Provided herein is a positive temperature coefficient film comprising an inorganic positive temperature coefficient compound. Also provided herein are a positive temperature coefficient electrode, a positive temperature coefficient separator, and a positive temperature coefficient lithium secondary battery, each of which comprises the positive temperature coefficient film.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: An enhanced solid state battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a solid state electrolyte layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell can further include a resistive layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The resistive layer can be electrically conductive in order to regulate an internal current flow within the battery cell. The internal current flow can result from an internal short circuit formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The internal short circuit can be formed from the solid state electrolyte layer being penetrated by metal dendrites formed at the first electrode and/or the second electrode.

Abstract: Provided herein is a positive temperature coefficient film comprising an inorganic positive temperature coefficient compound. Also provided herein are a positive temperature coefficient electrode, a positive temperature coefficient separator, and a positive temperature coefficient lithium secondary battery, each of which comprises the positive temperature coefficient film.

Abstract: A battery can include a separator, a first current collector, a protective layer, and a first electrode. The first current collector and the protective layer can be disposed on one side of the separator. The first electrode can be disposed on an opposite side of the separator as the first current collector and the protective layer. Subjecting the battery to an activation process can cause metal to be extracted from the first electrode and deposited between the first current collector and the protective layer. The metal can be deposited to at least form a second electrode between the first current collector and the protective layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is a positive temperature coefficient film comprising an inorganic positive temperature coefficient compound. Also provided herein are a positive temperature coefficient electrode, a positive temperature coefficient separator, and a positive temperature coefficient lithium secondary battery, each of which comprises the positive temperature coefficient film.

Abstract: A battery and supercapacitor hybrid can include a first hybrid electrode. The first hybrid electrode can include a first electrode, a first current collector, and a first supercapacitor. The battery and supercapacitor hybrid can further include a second hybrid electrode and a separator interposed between the first hybrid electrode and the second hybrid electrode.

Abstract: A distributed battery management system manages a battery pack having a first subset of battery cells and a second subset of battery cells. The distributed battery management system includes a first battery management node associated with the first subset of battery cells. The first battery management node is configured to perform operations comprising: receiving, from at least one sensor, one or more measurements with respect to at least one of a plurality of battery cells within the first subset of battery cells; determining, based at least in part on the one or more measurements, that the first subset of battery cells is to be disconnected; and in response to determining to disconnect the first subset of battery cells, disconnecting the first subset of battery cells from the second subset of battery cells.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: An improved high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery with an anode energy layer, a cathode energy layer, a separator between the anode and cathode energy layers for preventing internal discharge thereof, and at least one current collector for transferring electrons to and from either the anode or cathode energy layer, includes a resistive layer interposed between the separator and one of the current collectors for limiting the rate of internal discharge through the failed separator in the event of separator failure. The resistive layer has a fixed resistivity at temperatures between a preferred temperature range and an upper temperature safety limit for operating the battery. The resistive layer serves to avoid temperatures in excess of the upper temperature safety limit in the event of separator failure in the battery, and a fixed resistivity of the resistive layer is greater than the internal resistivity of either energy layer.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable metal-ion battery includes an anode energy layer, a cathode energy layer, a separator for separating the anode and the cathode energy layers, an anode current collector for transferring electrons to and from the anode energy layer, the battery characterized by a maximum safe voltage for avoiding overcharge, and an interrupt layer that interrupts current within the battery upon exposure to voltage in excess of the maximum safe voltage. The interrupt layer is between the anode energy layer and current collector. When unactivated, it is laminated to the cathode current collector, conducting current therethrough. When activated, the interrupt layer delaminates from the anode current collector, interrupting current therethrough.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) metal-ion battery includes an anode and a cathode energy layer, a separator for separating the anode and cathode energy layers, and at least one current collector for transferring electrons to and from either the anode or cathode energy layer. The HEDR battery has an upper temperature safety limit for avoiding thermal runaway. The HEDR battery further includes an interrupt layer that activates upon exposure to temperature at or above the upper temperature safety limit. When the interrupt layer is unactivated, it is laminated between the separator and one of the current collectors. When activated, the interrupt layer delaminates, interrupting current through the battery. The interrupt layer includes a temperature sensitive decomposable component that, upon exposure to temperature at or above the upper temperature safety limit, evolves a gas upon decomposition. The evolved gas delaminates the interrupt layer, interrupting current through the battery.

Abstract: A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.

Abstract: Provided herein is a coated electroactive particle, comprising i) a core comprising one or more electroactive materials, and optionally a binder; and ii) a polymeric overcoating on the surface of the core. Also provided herein is a coated electroactive particle, comprising i) a core that comprises an electroactive subparticle, an agglomerated particle comprising at least two electroactive subparticles and optionally a binder, or an agglomerated particle comprising at least one electroactive subparticle, at least one diluent subparticle, and optionally a binder; and ii) a polymeric overcoating on the surface of the core.

Abstract: Provided herein is a coated electroactive particle, comprising i) an electroactive agglomerated particle that comprises a first and second electroactive materials; and ii) a polymeric overcoating on the surface of the electroactive agglomerated particle. Also provided herein is a coated electroactive particle, comprising i) an agglomerated particle that comprises subparticles of a first electroactive material and subparticles of a second electroactive material; and ii) a polymeric overcoating on the surface of the electroactive agglomerated particle.

Abstract: An articulate battery case encases a battery ensemble having multiple non-contiguous battery segments flexibly interconnected to one another by conductive leads. The articulate battery case employs a plurality of rigid compartments for encasing the battery ensemble. Each compartment is configured for encasing one non-contiguous battery segment. Each compartment is flexibly connected by one or more flexible hinge to at least one adjoining compartment and is articulate therewith. Each compartment defines one or more ports for interconnecting conductive leads between battery segments encased in adjoining compartments. Each compartment is interconnected to every other compartment, with or without one or more intervening compartment. When a battery ensemble is encased within the articulate battery case, it is rendered articulate, i.e., it acquires the articulation characteristics of the case within which it is contained.