Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a dual-beam interferometer to test surface flatness is provided. The interferometer directs two beams focused at distinct points on a testing surface, such as the surface of a magnetic recording disc. An offset distance “d” between the two beams is provided on the target surface. In the present invention, the separation distance “d” is adjustable. The feature of adjustable separation distance in the interferometer allows the interferometer to meet the different spatial frequency requirements of various applications. In operation, first and second reflected beams are returned to an intensity beam splitter, where they are split and then recombined into two new beams of substantially equal intensity. The second of the two new light beams is constructed by the interference of half intensity of the first and half intensity of second beams, and is sent to a photodiode.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds having pharmacological activity, to compositions containing these compounds, and to a method of treatment employing the compounds and compositions. More particularly, this invention concerns certain non-imidazole tertiary amine derivatives and their salts and solvates. These compounds have H3 histamine receptor antagonist activity. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and to a method of treating disorders in which histamine H3 receptor blockade is beneficial.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for reliably finding the wave form extrema of interference signals produced by a quadrature phase shift interferometer (QPSI) takes advantage of the quadrature property of I and Q signals. The zero-crossing points in the I and Q signals are determined. Peak detection is performed for peaks and valleys in the Q signal in close proximity to the zero-crossing points in the I signal, and for peaks and valleys in the I signal in close proximity to the zero-crossing points in the Q signal. These represent the maximum and minimum points of the I and Q signals. From these points, intensity envelopes are created and QPSI phase wrapping is performed to determine the phase angle and ultimately, out-of-plane displacement may be determined.

Abstract: A reception device for detecting an electromagnetic radio-frequency wave emitted by the examination subject in a magnetic resonance tomography installation has two reception coils and amplifiers arranged following these coils. The mutually phase-delayed reception signals of the reception coils are tapped by a common signal line. For compensating the phase shift one of the amplifiers is or both amplifiers are directed between the two reception signals. A separate combiner can thereby be advantageously eliminated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting a red eye in an image. The method comprises steps of: calculating a skin color reference vector for said image; identifying a candidate for red eye region in said image; identifying skin color pixels in said candidate for red eye region; removing skin color pixels from said candidate for red eye region; deciding whether said candidate for red eye region is a red eye or not. The present invention also provides a method and apparatus for detecting a human face in an image. Moreover, the present invention provides corresponding storage medium including instructions for causing a processor to implement the methods. According to the present invention, red eyes and/or human faces can be detected with consideration of skin color pixels. The speed and accuracy of detecting red eyes and human faces are greatly increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzo[1,3]dioxole compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. These compounds and compositions may be made by various methods. These compounds and compositions may be used to treat disorders and diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus and a method for the operation thereof, two neighboring slices of an examination subject are simultaneously excited and the measurement time thus can be shortened without SNR loss. The radiofrequency excitation pulse encodes the first slice with a phase offset of +90° or ?90° compared to the second slice, so that a response signal contains magnetization information about both slices, [this information] being separated on the basis of the phase offset.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a dual-beam interferometer to test surface flatness is provided. The interferometer directs two beams focused at distinct points on a testing surface, such as the surface of a magnetic recording disc. An offset distance “d” between the two beams is provided on the target surface. In the present invention, the separation distance “d” is adjustable. The feature of adjustable separation distance in the interferometer allows the interferometer to meet the different spatial frequency requirements of various applications. In operation, first and second reflected beams are returned to an intensity beam splitter, where they are split and then recombined into two new beams of substantially equal intensity. The second of the two new light beams is constructed by the interference of half intensity of the first and half intensity of second beams, and is sent to a photodiode.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for measuring head-media spacing modulation (HMS_Wq) employs a profilometer to measure the surface topography of a disk. A cumulative power spectral density (PSD) distribution is generated from the measured surface topography. Discontinuities and steps are identified in the PSD distribution. The discontinuities and steps are removed to create a corrected PSD distribution. A noise free spectrum is then reconstructed from the corrected PSD distribution.

Abstract: In a method for magnetic resonance imaging on the basis of a partial parallel acquisition (PPA) for projection reconstruction by exciting nuclear spins and measuring radiofrequency signals arising from the excited spins in the form of projection datasets, under-scanning of k-space with component coils and forming a complete projection dataset is undertaken by means of progressive rotation of a readout gradient through fixed step angles, a Cartesian resultant dataset is produced by transforming the projection dataset onto grid points of a first Cartesian grid with a first grid constant, a Cartesian reference dataset produced by transforming a central region of the projection dataset onto a second Cartesian grid having a grid constant that is smaller than that of the first grid, the sensitivities of the component coils are calculated on the basis of the reference dataset, and an output image is reconstructed on the basis of a linking of the calculated coil sensitivities of the component coils with the resultant

Abstract: An optical profiler for an ultra-smooth surface, such as a magnetic recording disk, provides for a normally incident beam deflection against the target surface to be profiled. A linearly polarized laser light of a first polarization is focused on the target surface in a normally incident direction. The beam is reflected back along its original path from the focal point. Optics are provided that change the polarization of the reflected beam to a second polarization. A reflected beam, with a second polarization, is directed onto a position sensitive detector for evaluation.

Abstract: An arrangement and method of measuring head-media spacing modulation (HMS_Wq) removes the portion of out-of-plane motion caused by disk modes from the dynamic measurements of hard disk surface topography. Employing time-domain measurement techniques, circumferential surface topographical measurements are made for a hard disk surface. A boundary wavelength is determined, and a first partial HMS_Wq value is determined based upon measurements taken at a first disk rotational speed. A second partial HMS_Wq value is determined based upon measurements taken at a second disk rotational speed. The first and second partial HMS_Wq values are combined to provide a complete and accurate HMS_Wq value, taking advantage of the principle that the disk mode location in the spatial domain topography spectrum converted from the measured time-domain data shifts when the disk rotation speed is changed during the measurement.

Abstract: In a method for image generation by means of magnetic resonance, employing a number of independent reception antennas having sensitivity profiles differing from one another, radio-frequency excitation pulses and gradient pulses are emitted into an imaging region, the imaging region which is divided into partial imaging regions, for generating location-coded magnetic resonance signals, the gradient pulses including phase-coding gradients for the location coding in a phase-coding direction, with the location coding in the phase-coding direction being incomplete. The magnetic resonance signals are simultaneously received with the reception antennas, and respective k-space datasets are formed from the reception signals of the reception antenna. An intermediate image is reconstructed from each k-space dataset, the intermediate images including fold-over artifacts due to the incomplete location coding in the phase-coding direction.

Abstract: In a method for determining the position of at least one local antenna in an examination space of a magnetic resonance (MR) system, magnetic resonance signals emitted by a body arranged in the examination space are received by the at least one local antenna location-encoded in at least one coordinate direction, intensity values that are spatially resolved in the coordinate direction are generated from the received magnetic resonance signals, and the position of the local antenna in the coordinate direction is determined from a curve of the intensity values along the coordinate direction, the intensity values having been subjected as needed to post-processing. The determination of the position of the local antenna ensues by adapting a function to the curve of the intensity values, the function being manipulable to approximate the shape of a sensitivity profile of the local antenna, and the position of a maximum of the adapted function is utilized as the position of the local antenna.

Abstract: A bioreactor that has an internal sludge return function for treating wastewater is provided. Said bioreactor comprises a mixing zone (18), a static zone (28), and a mixed liquor circulation channel (26). The internal sludge return is accomplished by the integration of said static zone (28) that settles sludge, and said mixed liquor circulation channel (26) that provides a circulating stream of the mixed liquor for carrying settled sludge back to the mixing zone (18). Therefore, the microorganism concentration in the bioreactor of this invention is increased compared with conventional suspended-growth bioreactors, resulting in the improved wastewater treatment performance, reduced bioreactor size, simplified operation, reduced clarifier size, etc. The bioreactor of this invention can be operation in aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions to serve various wastewater treatment purposes.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance imaging apparatus wherein magnetic resonance signals are simultaneously received from an examination subject by multiple reception coils, a single, uninterrupted pulse sequence is executed which includes reference scans of the subject with a first sequence kernel that is optimized for coil sensitivity calibration, immediately followed by a series of accelerated image scans with a second sequence kernel, different from the first sequence kernel, that is optimized for imaging. Coil sensitivity maps for the respective coils are calculated from the data acquired in the reference scans, and an image of the subject is reconstructed by operating on the image data with a parallel reconstruction algorithm employing the calculated coil sensitivity maps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interferometnc measurement of a medium surface is disclosed. More particularly, a quadrature phase shift interferometer and a process for unwrapping phase are described. The interferometer has a reduced number of optical components though yields results sufficient to measure surface of a hard disc for final inspection. Defects on such a surface are characterized by their out-of-plane displacement with nanometer resolution.

Abstract: An electrostatic relay is employed for switching in an electrical line system of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus. The relay is employed for detuning a radio-frequency reception coil during a radio-frequency transmission phase of the nuclear magnetic resonance tomography apparatus.

Abstract: A tape head assembly for high-speed and high-density multi-channel read-while-writing (RWW) operation comprises two modules bonded together. The modules are initially formed on an integral unit and gapped in pair, to produce a good reference surface, which insures that the finished head assembly will meet tight azimuth and gap tolerances. The unit is then machined to two separate the modules. Further processing involves individually machining the head surface of each module to achieve desired contours. The machined modules are tested and brought together in the positional arrangement required to form the final head assembly. In disclosed embodiments, the overall contour enables the assembly to skive air and debris off a surface of the magnetic tape before passage of the tape over the transducers. The contour allows the tape to fly over outriggers, but contacts regions at or around the transducers with a low constant contact pressure during RWW operation.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance apparatus has magnet systems which respectively generate a basic magnetic field, gradient magnetic fields and a high-frequency magnetic field. A start element is connected to an end element via a coaxial cable. The coaxial cable is divided into at least two cable sections that are coupled to one another via a transformer having transformer coils. The transformer coils are directly connected to inner conductors of the respective coaxial cable sections and are connected to outer conductors of the respective coaxial cable sections via tuning capacitors.