Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and having at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced from a moved-in inoperative position into a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with the, or each, central main air guiding element. The auxiliary air guiding elements can be swiveled with respect to the, or each, main air guiding element about at least two pivots fixed to the main air guiding element and in each case at least two pivots fixed to the auxiliary air guiding elements laterally beside the main air guiding element.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, is arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and has at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced from a moved-in inoperative position into a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with each central main air guiding element. The lateral auxiliary air guiding elements can be rotated with respect to each central main air guiding element about a respective pivot fixed to the main air guiding element in order to change them from an also moved-in inoperative position into an also moved-out operative position.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, is arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and has at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced between a moved-in inoperative position and a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with the central main air guiding element. The auxiliary air guiding elements can be adjusted with respect to the main air guiding elements essentially linearly or translatorily in a direction transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in order to move them from an also moved-in inoperative position into an also moved-out operative position. Each auxiliary air guiding element is guided in a guiding device and is movable along the latter.

Abstract: A filter element for cleaning a fluid having a pleated filter medium designed for radial flow, to the outside of which a circumferential reinforcing thread is applied. The outside of the filter medium is divided into two axial sections, to which the reinforcing thread is applied in a plurality of circumferential thread windings, such that the axial distance between directly adjacent thread windings differs in the two sections.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, is arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and has at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced between a moved-in inoperative position and a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with the central main air guiding element. The auxiliary air guiding elements can be adjusted with respect to the main air guiding elements essentially linearly or translatorily in a direction transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in order to move them from an also moved-in inoperative position into an also moved-out operative position. Each auxiliary air guiding element is guided in a guiding device and is movable along the latter.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly a passenger car, that is arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and has at least one central main air guiding element displaceable from a moved-in inoperative position into a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with the or each central main air guiding element. The lateral auxiliary air guiding elements can be rotated like a folding knife with respect to the or each central main air guiding element in order to change them from an also moved-in inoperative position into an also moved-out operative position.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and having at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced from a moved-in inoperative position into a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with the, or each, central main air guiding element. The auxiliary air guiding elements can be swiveled with respect to the, or each, main air guiding element about at least two pivots fixed to the main air guiding element and in each case at least two pivots fixed to the auxiliary air guiding elements laterally beside the main air guiding element.

Abstract: An air guiding system for a vehicle, particularly for a passenger car, is arranged in a rear area of the vehicle and has at least one central main air guiding element that can be displaced from a moved-in inoperative position into a moved-out operative position. Lateral auxiliary air guiding elements are displaceable together with each central main air guiding element. The lateral auxiliary air guiding elements can be rotated with respect to each central main air guiding element about a respective pivot fixed to the main air guiding element in order to change them from an also moved-in inoperative position into an also moved-out operative position.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computer-implemented method is provided for aggregating and scheduling product batches in a manufacturing environment. Using a batch aggregation engine implementing a mathematical programming strategy, one or more product demands are allocated to one or more product batches having suggested sizes and suggested starting times. The mathematical programming strategy includes evaluating a number of time-based penalties relative to one another in allocating the demands to the batches, the time-based penalties being based on relationships between suggested starting times for batches and times of demands being considered for allocation to batches. The suggested sizes, the suggested starting times, and feedback relating to the suggested sizes and suggested starting times are communicated from the batch aggregation engine to a scheduling engine to assist the scheduling engine in scheduling starting times for the batches.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computer-implemented method is provided for aggregating and scheduling product batches in a manufacturing environment. Using a batch aggregation engine implementing a mathematical programming strategy, one or more product demands are allocated to one or more product batches having suggested sizes and suggested starting times. The mathematical programming strategy includes evaluating a number of time-based penalties relative to one another in allocating the demands to the batches, the time-based penalties being based on relationships between suggested starting times for batches and times of demands being considered for allocation to batches. The suggested sizes, the suggested starting times, and feedback relating to the suggested sizes and suggested starting times are communicated from the batch aggregation engine to a scheduling engine to assist the scheduling engine in scheduling starting times for the batches.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computer-implemented method is provided for aggregating and scheduling product batches in a manufacturing environment. Using a batch aggregation engine implementing a mathematical programming strategy, one or more product demands are allocated to one or more product batches having suggested sizes and suggested starting times. The mathematical programming strategy includes evaluating a number of time-based penalties relative to one another in allocating the demands to the batches, the time-based penalties being based on relationships between suggested starting times for batches and times of demands being considered for allocation to batches. The suggested sizes, the suggested starting times, and feedback relating to the suggested sizes and suggested starting times are communicated from the batch aggregation engine to a scheduling engine to assist the scheduling engine in scheduling starting times for the batches.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for collaboratively solving an optimization problem using at least first optimization software and second optimization software each having at least partial information concerning the optimization problem.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layer filter element. The invention provides a main filter layer which preferably consists of a melt-blown fleece and has an absolute filtration capability. A paper layer (2) on the clean side supports the filter element and does not contribute to the filtering of the fluid to be filtered. Said layer can therefore have a macropore structure, thereby allowing a low flow resistance. A layer (3)on the clean side which preferably also consists of paper serves to pre-filter the fluid and to protect and support the main filter layer. The inventive design of the multi-layer filter material provides a means for economically producing filter elements, especially filter cartridges which are folded in the shape of a star, since no trellis protective layers are necessary. The invention also facilitates an improved thermal disposability of the proposed filter cartridge.

Abstract: A method for adjusting and maintaining a desired room climate with regards to temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration at a given charge of heat, humidity, and carbon dioxide. A proportionate amount of outer air is cooled to a saturation temperature and then dehumidified. The saturation temperature results from the intersecting point of the saturation curve of humid air, and a straight line which extends through the point of state of the air being in the state of the desired climate of the room air, and the point of state of the available outer air in an h,x diagram, i.e., provided with a rise of the quotient of the heat charge in relation to the humidity charge.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for collaboratively solving an optimization problem using at least first optimization software and second optimization software each having at least partial information concerning the optimization problem.

Abstract: Generating an optimized pricing plan includes accessing a hierarchy comprising a sequence of levels, where each level includes an objective function and a set of constraints associated with the objective function. A mathematical programming model representing a pricing plan problem is determined for an item group comprising items. The following is repeated for each level of the sequence of levels: selecting a level comprising an objective function and a set of constraints associated with the objective function, determining an optimized boundary for the objective function, and adding a constraint generated from the optimized boundary to the set of constraints of a next level. An objective function of a last level of the sequence is optimized subject to the set of constraints associated with the objective function to yield an optimized result. An optimized pricing plan is generated in accordance with the optimized result.

Abstract: A computer-based system (10) for aggregating and scheduling product batches (50) includes a batch aggregation engine (20) that allocates one or more product demands (40) to one or more product batches (50) having suggested sizes and suggested starting times. The batch aggregation engine (20) communicates to a scheduling engine (30) the suggested batch sizes, the suggested starting times, and feedback (26) relating to the suggested sizes and suggested starting times to assist the scheduling engine (30) in scheduling a start time for each product batch (50). The system (10) may also include a scheduling engine (30) coupled to the batch aggregation engine (20) that receives the suggested sizes, suggested starting times, and feedback (26) from the batch aggregation engine (20). The scheduling engine (30) schedules a starting time for one or more of the batches (50) according to the suggested sizes, suggested starting times, and feedback (26) received from the batch aggregation engine (20).

Abstract: Method for operating refrigerating plants in which a thermal coupling of an electromotively and/or mechanically driven compression refrigerating plant with a thermally supplied refrigerating plant takes place in such a way that the compression refrigerating plant condenser is cooled by the thermally supplied refrigerating plant.

Abstract: A method and system for solving constrained optimization problems. An initial abstract solution represents a prioritized set of decisions. The abstract solution is used as the basis for building a concrete solution. The concrete solution is analyzed to determine one or more local moves that represent a re-prioritization of the abstract solution. After a local moves is made, the process begins again with a new abstract solution, that is closer to an optimal solution. This process continues interactively until an optimal solution is reached or approached. The prioritized set of decisions can be implemented as a priority vector or a priority graph.

Abstract: Method for determining changing ice concentration in binary ice volumes with the steps: carrying out mechanical work in the volume to be measured with an electric motor, determining the electric power and mathematical conversion into a measure for the ice concentration.