Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying and/or concentrating inclusion bodies (refractile bodies) in a highly concentrated particle-containing solution, in which process the inclusion body-containing suspension is directed tangentially past one or more semipermeable membranes, so that the inclusion bodies are retained behind the membranes and that substances having a relatively small molecular weight may pass through the membrane and/or be adsorbed to the membrane, and a purified and/or concentrated inclusion body suspension is obtained. In the same manner, cell wall particles are removed from a inclusion body suspension. The invention further relates to the use of a crossflow microfiltration unit for purifying and/or concentrating inclusion bodies in a suspension and for removing cell wall particles from a inclusion body preparation.

Abstract: A method for renaturation of proteins comprising adding to a solution of denatured, chemically modified or reduced proteins a refolding buffer containing a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Said method has been applied, for example, to interleukin-4 and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), wich were previously (i) solubilized in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride as chaotronic agent, and (ii) subjected to sulfitolysis.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of operating an automation system. A processing unit subjects useful information which is received via a telegram to a user designated logic operation and drives an output channel in accordance with a result of the logic operation. The processing unit monitors a time sequence of process data transmitted with the useful information and drives the output channel only when the time sequence lies within predetermined tolerances. A monitoring unit monitors the processing unit and shifts the output channel to a safe condition as soon as a malfunction of the processing unit is detected. The output channel may include a readback channel which reads back a signal applied to the output channel whereby the monitoring unit compares the applied signal and the readback signal and shifts the output channel to a safe state if the applied signal and the readback signal differ.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel human protein called Prostate Derived Ets Factor, and isolated polynucleotides encoding this protein. Also provided are vectors, host cells, antibodies, and recombinant methods for producing this human protein. The invention further relates to diagnostic and therapeutic methods useful for diagnosing and treating disorders related to this novel human protein.

Abstract: An integrated circuit has a programmable element with an electrical interconnect resistance that can be varied by programming. An evaluation circuit for the evaluation of the electrical interconnect resistance is connected to the programmable element. The electrical interconnect resistance of the programmable element is read out and evaluated by the evaluation circuit. With a trimming circuit, connected to the evaluation circuit, an operating point of the evaluation circuit is adjusted in dependence on the electrical interconnect resistance that has been read out by the evaluation circuit. In this way, a state of the programmable element can be read out and evaluated largely independently of technological fluctuations.

Abstract: A method for determining interactions between a number of optical channels in a wavelength division multiplexed signal wherein, given that during broadband optical transmission, the quality of a “Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed” signal is adversely affected by multiple channel interactions, the method is used to determine the governing effects, the Kerr effect and the non-linear scattering process by evaluating the spectral profile of the Q factor or of the bit error rate.

Abstract: The fuel injection system has one high-pressure fuel pump (10) and one fuel injection valve (12), communicating with it, for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. A pump piston (18) of the high-pressure fuel pump (10) defines a pump work chamber (22), which communicates with a pressure chamber (40) of the fuel injection valve (12); the fuel injection valve has an injection valve member (28), by which injection openings (32) are controlled and which is movable in an opening direction (29) counter to a closing force by the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber (40). By means of a control valve (80), a connection (74) of the pump work chamber (22) with a relief chamber (24) is controlled, and having a second control valve (80), by which a connection (74) of a control pressure chamber (62), which communicates with the pump work chamber (22) and is defined by a control piston (60), with a relief chamber (24) is controlled, in which connection a throttle restriction (75) is provided.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for measuring the non-linear coefficient and/or the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber in an optical data transmission path by four-wave mixing, wherein at least two pump signals of known intensity with at least two different input frequencies are injected into one end of an optical fiber to be measured, in order to obtain at least two signals with at least two new frequencies by four-wave mixing, with the intensity of the backscattered signals of the new frequencies being measured at the feed side and the non-linear coefficent and/or the dispersion coefficient being determined from the measured intensities.

Abstract: An electronic balance including a housing (1), a weighing scale (2), a windshield (3), which preferably at least partially surrounds the weighing scale, and a display and operating unit (4) which is connected to the balance housing. The connecting part (5) between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1) consists essentially of a material with poor heat conduction properties. At least one vertical radiation protection plate (6) is provided between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1), and the connecting part (5) is configured in such a way as to impair air convection on both sides of the radiation protection plate(s) (6) preferably to the least extent possible. This results in excellent thermal decoupling between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector for high-pressure injection of fuel in self-igniting internal combustion engines. The injector includes an actuator valve for opening and closing the injector; a nozzle needle (17), which in the closed state of the injector closes at least one injection opening (18); a metering valve (4), which establishes a hydraulic communication between the actuator valve and the relief chamber (6) of the injector; a pressure holding device (33), which serves to maintain a static pressure required for the metering valve (4); and a first control quantity line (29) for control quantities (34) that flow via the actuator valve, and a second control quantity line (43) for control quantities (35) that flow via the metering valve (4). The pressure holding device (33) dynamically separates the control quantities (35) of the metering valve (4) from the control quantities (34) of the actuator valve by means of a hydraulic fluctuation damper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for generating recombinant viruses from samples such as uncharacterised virus samples or clinical specimens and to the use of the viruses so generated in assays, predominantly for the purpose of detecting altered viral susceptibility to anti-viral drugs and reagents. The invention further relates to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences applied in the new methods and assays. The methods and assays are adapted to detect resistant virus more rapidly, sensitively and accurately than known assays by taking into account additional compensatory mutations arising in nucleotide sequences other than those encoding the anti-viral drug target, and by requiring fewer recombination events to generate recombinant virus.

Abstract: An energy administration device serves for operating an absorption refrigerating device with different energy sources and includes an energy control unit (7) for controlling and selecting an energy source. It includes at least one gas operation unit (8 to 12) for operating said absorption refrigerating device with gas with a gas burner connected to a gas supply line, which can be controlled by a surveillance system. Said surveillance system is an ignition surveillance system and includes an ionisation sensor and/or UV sensor for surveying said gas flame of said gas burner (11).

Abstract: An electronic weighing sensor (10) having a digital signal processing unit (19), which includes at least one filter (12) with low-pass characteristic. By means of the filter (12), the direct-current component (m) is determined from the output signal of the weighing sensor and the weighing result is derived therefrom. A signal, which is dependent on the amplitude of the vibrations, is determined by the digital signal processing unit (19) and electronic components (18) change the direct-current component (m) as a function of the magnitude of the vibration-dependent signal. This significantly improves the performance of the weighing sensor (10) with respect to shocks and vibrations in the installation site of the weighing sensor (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a flanged connection for jacketed high-pressure pipes rated for 300 to 10,000 bar, in which the jacket pipe end of at least one of the two jacket-side high-pressure pipe flanged connections is designed as jointed flange, said flange being fixed on the outer side of the high-pressure pipe by means of a jointed connection, said connection being suited to absorb the longitudinal forces in axial direction of the high-pressure pipe and the jointed flange being provided with the bores necessary for the bolts.

Abstract: An electronic balance including a housing (1), a weighing scale (2), a windshield (3), which preferably at least partially surrounds the weighing scale, and a display and operating unit (4) which is connected to the balance housing. The connecting part (5) between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1) consists essentially of a material with poor heat conduction properties. At least one vertical radiation protection plate (6) is provided between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1), and the connecting part (5) is configured in such a way as to impair air convection on both sides of the radiation protection plate(s) (6) preferably to the least extent possible. This results in excellent thermal decoupling between the display and operating unit (4) and the housing (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines, having a pump housing, in which a feed device is accommodated, whose operation is controlled with the aid of a control unit that is accommodated in a control-unit housing mounted to the pump housing.

Abstract: An analytical balance that includes a balance scale, a wind guard encircling the balance scale, and an apparatus for generating an ionized stream of air for dissipating electrostatic charges of goods to be weighed. The apparatus for generating an ionized stream of air includes a blower that draws in air from the weighing space into at least one boundary surface of the weighing space. The blower also recycles the air back into the weighing space via at least one exhaust opening at another point. In this manner, highly effective dissipation of electrostatic charges is possible, and the stream of air can be conducted so that it exerts scarcely any vertical forces on the goods to be weighed. The analytical balance is very user-friendly in operation. Additionally, the apparatus for generating an ionized stream of air is preferably structured to be an easily installed optional component of the analytical balance.

Abstract: A method for determining signal quality in optical transmission systems, wherein the effective signal-to-noise ratio is determined by measuring amplitude histograms of a signal and by calculating characteristic histogram moments and additional interference is ascertained by comparing the characteristic histogram moments with the optical signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A method for determining interactions between a number of optical channels in a wavelength division multiplexed signal wherein, given that during broadband optical transmission, the quality of a “Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed” signal is adversely affected by multiple channel interactions, the method is used to determine the governing effects, the Kerr effect and the nonlinear scattering process by evaluating the spectral profile of the Q factor or of the bit error rate.

Abstract: A compact and mobile gantry for 3-dimensional Application Specific Emission and/or Transmission Tomography (ASETT) imaging of the breast in single photon or coincidence emission modes, and single photon, or coincidence, or x-ray transmission modes. While the ASETT gantry was designed, built and evaluated for imaging metabolically active lesions in the pendant breast, it can also be used to image other organs and objects. This system overcomes physical constraints associated with imaging a pendulous breast in prone patients, while simultaneously satisfying sampling criteria for sufficient data collection in the pendulous breast reference frame. When combined with an offset cone-beam tomographic x-ray transmission imaging system, this dual modality ASETT system could provide simultaneous and coregistered structural and functional information about large or dense breasts, breasts with indeterminate x-ray mammography, and could also be used to accurately 3-dimensionally guide biopsy or surgical resection.