Abstract: A process and an arrangement for production of an electrode suspension are described. Formulation constituents of the electrode suspension are provided and mixed to give the electrode suspension. At least one optical measurement is conducted on the electrode suspension, in each case by detecting a spectrum of the electrode suspension over at least one subregion of the at least one of ultraviolet, visible and infrared frequency range. The at least one optical measurement is evaluated. The further treatment of the electrode suspension depends on the evaluation.

Abstract: A method for determining a concentration of a target gas in blood of a human or animal animate being. The method includes the steps of: generating electromagnetic excitation radiation having a carrier frequency, wherein the carrier frequency is selected such that the target gas and an absorbing gas absorb the excitation radiation, modulating an amplitude or the carrier frequency of the excitation radiation with a modulation frequency, illuminating an absorption path superficial to a skin of the animate being with the excitation radiation, generating a sound wave by an absorption of the excitation radiation in the absorption gas, and detecting at least one of an amplitude and a phase of the sound wave as a measure of a concentration of the target gas on the absorption path. Also provided is a photoacoustic sensor for determining a concentration of a target gas in blood of a human or animal animate being.

Abstract: A method including providing an acoustic resonator having an absorption element with a surface portion, providing a sample fluid or a fluid mixture containing the sample fluid with at least one absorption fluid or particles such that the acoustic resonator is filled with the same, the surface portion of the absorption element being in contact with the sample fluid. Irradiating the surface portion of the absorption element with a first electromagnetic radiation such that the absorption element at least partly absorbs the first electromagnetic radiation in the region of the surface portion, or irradiating the fluid mixture with a first electromagnetic radiation such that the absorption fluid or the absorption particles at least partly absorb(s) the first electromagnetic radiation, and so, by way of the absorption, pressure energy is generated in the sample fluid or the fluid mixture, with the first electromagnetic radiation being amplitude modulated or frequency modulated with a modulation frequency.

Abstract: A particle sensor for detecting particles in a flow of a measuring gas for detecting soot particles in an exhaust gas channel of a burner or of an internal combustion engine. The particle sensor includes a device for generating or for supplying laser light, a device for focusing laser light, and a device for detecting or transferring thermal radiation. The particle sensor includes at least one optical access, which separates an area exposed to the measuring gas from an area facing away from the measuring gas not exposed to the measuring gas, the device for generating or supplying laser light and/or the device for detecting or for transferring thermal radiation being situated in the area facing away from the measuring gas, wherein the particle sensor removes a sub-flow from the measuring gas flow and supplies it to the laser focus and further fluidically shields the optical access from the sub-flow.

Abstract: A portable gas analysis device having a separating column and a detector. The separating column is composed as a multi-capillary unit from parallel individual capillaries and, depending on the length, is bent into a compact shape, preferably even wound into multiple turns. A thermally conductive casing and a thermal stabilizing device are provided for the multi-capillary unit. The thermal stabilizing device comprises a temperature sensor, a heating element and control electronics. The casing protects the sensitive multi-capillary unit from mechanical actions; it acts as a protective space. The temperature-controlled casing also forms a space in which uniform and controlled conditions prevail and which in particular is isolated from the temperature and humidity of the environment, allowing reliable measurements outside a laboratory environment, in the field. This double effect of the casing for the capillaries in conjunction with the compact dimensions forms the true essence of the invention.

Abstract: Embodiments may be associated with a secure, distributed transaction ledger. The system may include a Database that contains electronic records providing JSON schema content format requirements. A computer processor of a content validation smart contract creation platform, coupled to the JSON schema data store, may access information in the JSON schema data store. The content validation smart contract creation platform may then automatically create a content validation smart contract based on the JSON schema content format requirements. The content validation smart contract may then be deployed by the content validation smart contract creation platform to the secure, distributed transaction ledger.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for improving at least one physical property of an extruded plastic material comprise an extruder for extruding the plastic material as well as a laser unit with at least one laser for irradiating the extruded plastic material with laser light. Further, the apparatus has at least one laser light-reflecting reflector arranged at a distance to the extruded plastic material. The laser and the reflector are arranged and designed such that the laser light emitted by the laser is incident on the reflector through the extruded plastic material, the reflector reflects the incident laser light such that at least a part of the reflected laser light hits the extruded plastic material.

Abstract: A particle sensor for detecting particles in a flow of a measuring gas for detecting soot particles in an exhaust gas channel of a burner or of an internal combustion engine. The particle sensor includes a device for generating or for supplying laser light, a device for focusing laser light, and a device for detecting or transferring thermal radiation. The particle sensor includes at least one optical access, which separates an area exposed to the measuring gas from an area facing away from the measuring gas not exposed to the measuring gas, the device for generating or supplying laser light and/or the device for detecting or for transferring thermal radiation being situated in the area facing away from the measuring gas, wherein the particle sensor removes a sub-flow from the measuring gas flow and supplies it to the laser focus and further fluidically shields the optical access from the sub-flow.

Abstract: A potential equalization system for a modular multi-level converter. The converter has a plurality of converter modules and each of the modules has a direct current source. The potential equalization system includes pole contacts, which are each electrically connected to one pole of a direct current source, and at least one electrically conductive contacting element, which can be moved between a first end position in which the contacting element is electrically isolated from the converter modules and a second end position in which the contacting element contacts pole contacts of different direct current sources and can be put on ground potential.

Abstract: A potential equalization system for a modular multi-level converter. The converter has a plurality of converter modules and each of the modules has a direct current source. The potential equalization system includes pole contacts, which are each electrically connected to one pole of a direct current source, and at least one electrically conductive contacting element, which can be moved between a first end position in which the contacting element is electrically isolated from the converter modules and a second end position in which the contacting element contacts pole contacts of different direct current sources and can be put on ground potential.

Abstract: A portable gas analysis apparatus for conducting a gas flow, in particular for highly volatile compounds, includes a seeker measurement path and a separation measurement path. The seeker measurement path extends from a sample gas inlet opening to a first air exit opening, wherein a connecting path branches off from the seeker measurement path to a separation measurement path, and said separation measurement path extends from the connecting path to a second air exit opening and is connected to a carrier gas inlet opening, wherein the gas analysis apparatus has a control element which is designed for reversing the gas flow in the connecting path.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sensor for detecting a measurement gas component, having a ceramic sensor element fixed in a housing, and a double-walled protective pipe having outer and inner protective sleeves, the inner sleeve enclosing a gas chamber into which the sensor element extends with a segment at the measurement gas side, in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the sensor, and an annular chamber being formed between the outer and inner protective sleeves. The outer sleeve has a cladding surface having at least one opening configured as a swirling element, through which measurement gas can move into the annular chamber with rotation about a longitudinal axis of the sensor, and the inner sleeve has at least one opening that is adjusted and/or functionally optimized, as to a sensitive region of the sensor element, through which opening the measurement gas can move from the annular chamber into the gas chamber.

Abstract: An offshore wind turbine, having a supporting structure, having a nacelle, having a rotor, having an interior space, having at least one access opening, and having a means of ascent, such as a ladder, a staircase or the like, wherein the supporting structure has a tower and a foundation structure, wherein the tower supports the nacelle and the rotor, wherein the access opening is configured as an access for people to the interior space, wherein the means of ascent is arranged in the interior space, wherein the means of ascent is assigned to the access opening, and wherein no external work platform is arranged between the foundation structure and the access opening, as viewed along a vertical extent of the supporting structure.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement, in particular for a safety I&C system of a nuclear power plant, keeps a proven diagram-centric project-specific engineering approach known from CPU-based systems while reaping the benefits of FPGA technology. To this end, the circuit arrangement includes: a generic FPGA with a plurality of logic blocks, and at least one dedicated PLD which operates as an application-specific switch-matrix for the logic blocks.

Abstract: A portable gas analysis device having a separating column and a detector. The separating column is composed as a multi-capillary unit from parallel individual capillaries and, depending on the length, is bent into a compact shape, preferably even wound into multiple turns. A thermally conductive casing and a thermal stabilizing device are provided for the multi-capillary unit. The thermal stabilizing device comprises a temperature sensor, a heating element and control electronics. The casing protects the sensitive multi-capillary unit from mechanical actions; it acts as a protective space. The temperature-controlled casing also forms a space in which uniform and controlled conditions prevail and which in particular is isolated from the temperature and humidity of the environment, allowing reliable measurements outside a laboratory environment, in the field. This double effect of the casing for the capillaries in conjunction with the compact dimensions forms the true essence of the invention.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array comprising: plurality of functional blocks at least one of the functional blocks comprising at least one function, at least one of the functions using a parameter, wherein the functional blocks are adapted to perform the at least one function in a calculation phase; a data conveyor comprising a plurality of data slots, wherein each functional block is, in a data transfer phase, adapted to receive input data from one or more predefined first slots and/or to provide output data into one or more predefined second slots; and a configuration circuit adapted to configure the parameter for the at least function using the parameter and to define the one or more first slots and/or the one or more second slots for at least one functional block, wherein the field programmable gate array is adapted to cyclically repeat the data transfer phase and calculation phase.

Abstract: A method for a multistep analysis of a measuring program of a portable gas measuring device includes performing a factory setting of the portable gas measuring device, connecting a container having a known gas standard and performing a reference measurement, wherein a multidimensional reference measurement is recorded, selecting a measuring program for target materials from a list on the device, performing a measurement on a sample in dependence on the selected measuring program, wherein a multidimensional measured variable is recorded, automatically performing an analysis to identify at least one of the one or more target materials in the sample and the respective concentrations thereof, wherein the analysis is based on the multidimensional measured variable from the measurement on the sample, the multidimensional reference measurement for the gas standard, the values for the plurality of target materials or measuring programs, and the factory setting for the portable gas measuring device.

Abstract: A damping valve includes a valve body with a stepped opening for receiving a preloading spring which acts on a tension rod at which is arranged a valve disk which at least partially closes a flow-out orifice of a flow channel which connects two opposite valve body sides to one another, and, in addition to the preloading spring force, a damping force which counteracts a swiveling movement of the valve disk acts on the tension rod. The additional damping force is formed by a displacer on the tension rod side. The display together with a portion of the stepped opening, forms a restrictor chamber.

Abstract: An offshore wind turbine, having a supporting structure, having a nacelle, having a rotor, having an interior space, having at least one access opening, and having a means of ascent, such as a ladder, a staircase or the like, wherein the supporting structure has a tower and a foundation structure, wherein the tower supports the nacelle and the rotor, wherein the access opening is configured as an access for people to the interior space, wherein the means of ascent is arranged in the interior space, wherein the means of ascent is assigned to the access opening, and wherein no external work platform is arranged between the foundation structure and the access opening, as viewed along a vertical extent of the supporting structure.

Abstract: A portable gas analysis apparatus for conducting a gas flow, in particular for highly volatile compounds, includes a seeker measurement path and a separation measurement path. The seeker measurement path extends from a sample gas inlet opening to a first air exit opening, wherein a connecting path branches off from the seeker measurement path to a separation measurement path, and said separation measurement path extends from the connecting path to a second air exit opening and is connected to a carrier gas inlet opening, wherein the gas analysis apparatus has a control element which is designed for reversing the gas flow in the connecting path.