Abstract: Inert or biologically active particles are propelled at cell at a speed whereby the particles penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The process can be used to mark cells or tissue or to biochemically affect tissues or tissue in situ as well as single cells in vitro. Apparatus for propelling the particles toward target cells or tissues are also disclosed. A method for releasing particles adhered to a rotor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Inert or biologically active particles are propelled at cell at a speed whereby the particles penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The process can be used to mark cells or tissue or to biochemically affect tissues or tissue in situ as well as single cells in vitro. Apparatus for propelling the particles toward target cells or tissues are also disclosed. A method for releasing particles adhered to a rotor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, disclosed is a method of conferring, upon a host cell, resistance to retroviral infection by interfering with one or more of the infection processes including retroviral replication and assembly into infective viral particles. The method involves introducing a vector into a host cell, wherein the vector comprises a polynucleotide which directs transcription, within the host cell, of RNA which is a) complementary or homologous, depending on the target region, to a nucleic acid sequence within one or more regions of the genome of the retrovirus; and b) is effective in inhibiting retroviral replication and/or interfering with assembly into viral particles when the host cell is infected. Also disclosed is a method of treatment using cells upon which resistance to infection has been conferred.

Abstract: A method for conferring resistance to a parasite to a host of the parasite, which comprises isolating a gene fragment from the parasite and inserting the gene fragment or a DNA or RNA segment substantially homologous to the gene fragment or to a DNA or RNA sequence functionally equivalent to the gene fragment into the host, wherein (1) transcription of the gene fragment or the DNA or RNA segment in the host occurs in an anti-sense direction, (2) the gene fragment or the DNA or RNA segment is expressed as a gene product in the host, wherein the gene product is capable of disrupting an essential activity of the parasite, or (3) the gene fragment or the DNA or RNA segment is a binding site capable of competing with a native binding site in the parasite, is disclosed along with hosts produced by this process. Particularly preferred is conferring resistance using a gene fragment from a replicase gene of an RNA virus.

Abstract: A process is described which uses a "cold" gas shock to accelerate microprojectiles wherein particles are presented to the gas shock on a planar surface perpendicular to the plane of expansion of the gas shock wave. Several different apparatus capable of accomplishing this method are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering substances into living cells and tissues includes an impeller of the type adapted to use an explosive charge for sending a macroprojectile through an accelerator passage into a vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber is divided into an upper vacuum chamber having an impact receiving plate against which the macroprojectile will impact and a lower vacuum chamber in which the biological material to be impregnated by the substance is located. The substance may be carried by a plurality of microprojectiles adhered to the base of the macroprojectile so that upon impact of the macroprojectile against the impact plate in the upper vacuum chamber the microprojectiles carrying the substance will pass through an aperture in the impact plate and enter the biological material.

Abstract: Inert or biologically active particles are propelled at cell at a speed whereby the particles penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The process can be used to mark cells or tissue or to biochemically affect tissues or tissue in situ as well as single cells in vitro. Apparatus for propelling the particles toward target cells or tissues are also disclosed. A method for releasing particles adhered to a rotor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Inert or biologically active particles are accelerated or propelled at cells at a speed such that the particles can penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The process can be used to mark cells or tissue or to biochemically affect tissues or tissue in situ as well as single cells in vitro. Apparatus for accelerating or propelling the particles toward target cells or tissues are also disclosed. A method for releasing particles adhered to a rotor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Inert or biologically active particles are propelled at cells at a speed whereby the particles penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The process can be used to mark cells or tissue or to biochemically affect tissues or tissue in situ as well as single cells in vitro. Apparatus for propelling the particles toward target cells or tissues are also disclosed. A method for releasing particles adhered to a rotor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A red raspberry plant which has a high yield of large, well displayed fruit.

Abstract: A purple raspberry plant having good resistance to aphids and fruitworms, bearing large fruit of good quality.

Abstract: A strawberry plant which has large fruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality.

Abstract: A red raspberry plant, `Watson` (also tested as NY 114), which produces primocane fruit, which are very large and abundant.