Strawberry Jewel
A strawberry plant which has large fruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality.
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This invention is a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria.times.Ananassa) which is exceptional for its very attractive large fruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality.
ORIGINThis new cultivar was developed by the small fruits breeding program of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. The cross was N.Y. 1221.times.`Holiday`, which was made in 1969. The specific clone was the sole selection of 292 seedlings from the cross and was selected in June 1971. It has been extensively tested under the number N.Y. 1324. In the fall of 1985, N.Y. 1324 will be named `Jewel`. ##STR1##
DESCRIPTIONN.Y. 1324 has a moderately vigorous plant growth habit. The trifoliate leaves are borne on erect to semierect moderately stout petioles. The petioles are covered with a moderately dense coating of hairs which are generally perpendicular to the petiole epidermis or tending to tilt slightly toward the apical end. The leaflet shape is generally oval to round with approximately straight edges at the base subtending an obtuse angle. Leaflet margins are coarsely toothed. Leaflet upper epidermis is smooth, slightly ridged between lateral veins, dark green and lightly populated with hairs. The lower epidermis is smooth and light green with few hairs.
N.Y. 1324 spreads by means of runners of moderate vigor and number, producing a matted row of medium plant density when that cultural method is used. It also appears well adapted to ribbon-row culture. Propagation is by means of the runner plants and by tissue culture. N.Y. 1324 is adapted to the Northeastern, Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. It is a hardy and consistent-cropping cultivar resistant to mildew and leaf spot but susceptible to verticillium wilt and red stele.
The fruit of N.Y. 1324 ripens in mid-to-late-midseason. The primary and secondary berries are medium to large, bright red, glossy and blunt-conic to oblate in shape. Tertiary and quarternary berries are smaller and mostly round. Seeds are yellow and set flush with, or slightly raised above, the berry surface. The calyx is medium to large in size, attractive, medium green in color, slightly reflexed and set into a slightly depressed basal surface of the berry. The berry skin is better than average in abrasion resistance. The flesh is slightly firmer than average. The berry color is a bright red, corresponding to Red 46A of The Royal Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart. The flavor is moderately sweet and slightly acid with some of the aromatic quality of its parent, `Holiday`. Picking ease is good, with the pedicel tending to snap cleanly a short distance below the calyx.
Table 1 sets forth mean maturity dates based on a 1982 field trial. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean date of harvest was calculated on a weighted basis. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.
Table 2 sets forth mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Skin toughness was subjectively determined by rubbing the skin of several berries in the hand from each replicate of each genotype. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Each genotype was rated 1 to 9 with `9` being most resistant to skin abrasion.
Table 3 sets forth mean Instron measurements from 1982 (firmest fruit listed first). Traditional cultivars are underlined. Each genotype mean score reflects the force required for the Instron probe to penetrate the flesh of undamaged berries. Twelve berries were tested of each genotype on the same day of harvest for each harvest date. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.
Table 4 sets forth mean berry weight of 29 strawberry genotypes based upon 1982 field trials. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean berry weight was determined by dividing total yield per plot by total number of berries per plot. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on Waller and Duncan's BDS test, K=100.
Table 5 sets forth mean subjective fruit appearance scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being the most attractive. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based upon Waller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.
Table 6 sets forth mean subjective flavor scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being best flavor. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.
Table 7 sets forth fruit rot incidence on strawberry cultivars and selections tested in 1978. Shown is the combined score for all rots (Botrytis, soft rots and white mold). Data supplied by Dr. H. S. Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Mean maturity date of NY 1324 vs. other cultivars.
Gentoype Mean Weighted Date of Harvest.sup.1
______________________________________
`Earlidawn` June 23 A
`Midland` June 24 AB
NY 1402 June 25 ABC
MDUS 4380 June 26 BCD
`Lester` June 26 BCD
MDUS 4355 June 26 BCD
NY 1524 June 26 BCD
MDUS 4774 June 26 BCD
`Catskill` June 27 CDE
NY 1560 June 27 CDEF
`Honeoye` June 28 DEFG
`Holiday` June 28 DEFG
NY 1530 June 28 DEFG
MDUS 4579 June 28 DEFGH
`Raitan` June 28 DEFGHI
NY 1570 June 29 EFGHIJ
NY 1333 June 29 FGHIJK
MDUS 4426 June 29 FGHIJK
NY 1324 - `Jewel`
June 30 GHIJKL
NY 1529 July 1 HIJKLM
NY 1368 July 1 HIJKLMN
NY 1431 July 1 IJKLMN
NY 1406 July 1 IJKLMN
NY 1580 July 1 JKLMN
`Allstar` July 1 JKLMN
`Canoga` July 2 KLMN
`Scott` July 2 LMN
`Sparkle` July 3 MN
NY 1482 July 4 N
______________________________________
TABLE 2
______________________________________
Mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores for NY 1324
and other cultivars.
Treatment Replicates Mean Score*
______________________________________
NY 1524 6 7.7 A
NY 1529 5 7.6 AB
NY 1324 - `Jewel`
5 7.4 AB
NY 1530 6 7.2 ABC
MDUS 4426 5 7.0 ABCD
NY 1368 5 6.8 ABCDE
MDUS 4579 5 6.8 ABCDE
`Holiday` 8 6.8 ABCDE
NY 1580 3 6.7 ABCDEF
`Canoga` 4 6.5 ABCDEF
`Scott` 8 6.5 BCDEF
`Lester` 7 6.3 BCDEF
`Allstar` 4 6.2 BCDEFG
NY 1333 5 6.0 CDEFG
NY 1406 9 5.9 DEFG
MDUS 4355 6 5.8 DEFG
MDUS 4774 5 5.6 EFGH
NY 1482 4 5.5 EFGHI
NY 1560 4 5.3 FGHI
NY 1402 5 5.2 FGHI
NY 1431 5 5.2 FGHI
`Raritan` 7 5.0 GHI
`Honeoye` 7 4.5 HIJ
MDUS 4380 6 4.3 IJK
`Sparkle` 5 3.8 JK
`Earlidawn`
8 3.7 JK
Midland 7 3.0 K
NY 1570 1 2.0 KL
`Catskill` 7 1.1 L
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TABLE 3
______________________________________
Mean firmness measurements for NY 1324 and other cultivars.
Mean puncture force
Genotype (daltons)*
______________________________________
NY 1570 65.8 A
NY 1529 62.7 A
MDUS 4579 57.6 A
MDUS 4774 56.4 A
NY 1524 53.9 AB
NY 1530 46.9BC
NY 1580 46.7BC
NY 1560 46.1BCD
`Holiday` 45.7CD
`Canoga` 44.7CDE
MDUS 4426 44.2CDE
`Allstar` 39.3CDEF
NY 1431 38.3DEFG
`Scott` 37.6EFGH
NY 1406 35.9FGHI
NY 1324 - `Jewel` 33.5FGHIJ
NY 1402 32.5FGHIJ
NY 1333 30.8GHIJ
NY 1482 30.1GHIJK
MDUS 4380 30.0HIJK
`Honeoye` 28.8IJK
MDUS 4355 28.7IJK
`Lester` 28.6IJK
`Midland` 27.1JKL
NY 1368 27.1JKL
`Raritan` 25.9JKL
`Earlidawn` 25.6JKL
`Sparkle` 22.0KL
`Catskill` 19.9L
______________________________________
TABLE 4
______________________________________
Mean berry weight for NY 1324 and other cultivars
Genotype Grams/berry*
______________________________________
NY 1524 14.4 A
`Canoga` 13.7 AB
`Allstar` 13.6 AB
NY 1333 13.5 ABC
MDUS 4426 13.4 ABC
NY 1431 12.6 ABCD
NY 1482 12.5 ABCD
NY 1529 11.8 BCDE
NY 1570 11.5 CDEF
NY 1324 - `Jewel` 11.3 DEFG
`Lester` 11.2 DEFG
NY 1580 11.2 DEFG
NY 1406 10.9 DEFGH
NY 1368 10.8 DEFGHI
`Holiday` 10.7 DEFGHIJ
NY 1560 10.5 EFGHIJK
MDUS 4579 10.2 EFGHIJKL
`Honeoye` 10.0 EFGHIJKL
MDUS 4380 10.0 EFGHIJKL
NY 1402 10.0 EFGHIJKL
MDUS 4774 9.7 FGHIJKL
`Raritan` 9.3 GHIJKL
`Scott` 9.1 HIJKL
MDUS 4355 9.0 HIJKL
`Catskill` 8.9 HIJKL
NY 1530 8.8 IJKL
`Midland` 8.7 JKL
`Sparkle` 8.6 KL
`Earlidawn` 8.3 L
______________________________________
TABLE 5
______________________________________
Mean fruit appearance scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.
Genotype Replicates Mean Score*
______________________________________
NY 1333 5 7.6 A
`Lester` 7 7.3 AB
NY 1324 - `Jewel`
5 6.8 ABC
NY 1524 6 6.5 ABCD
NY 1530 6 6.3 ABCD
MDUS 4355 6 6.3 ABCDE
`Honeoye` 7 6.3 ABCDE
NY 1529 5 6.2 ABCDEF
MDUS 4380 6 6.2 BCDEF
`Scott` 8 6.1 BCDEF
NY 1368 5 6.0 BCDEF
NY 1560 4 5.8 CDEF
`Raritan` 7 5.7 CDEFG
`Allstar` 4 5.5 CDEFG
`Canoga` 4 5.5 CDEFG
`Holiday` 8 5.5 CDEFG
NY 1431 5 5.4 CDEFG
NY 1530 3 5.3 CDEFG
NY 1482 4 5.3 DEFG
NY 1402 5 5.0 EFG
NY 1406 9 4.9 FG
MDUS 4774 5 4.8 FG
`Earlidawn` 8 4.6 G
MDUS 4426 5 4.2 G
MDUS 4579 5 4.0 G
`Midland` 7 4.0 G
`Sparkle` 5 3.4 G
NY 1570 2 3.0 GH
`Catskill` 7 1.9 H
______________________________________
TABLE 6
______________________________________
Mean flavor scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.
Treatment Replicates Mean Score*
______________________________________
`Lester` 7 6.3 A
NY 1570 2 6.0 AB
NY 1529 5 6.0 AB
NY 1324 - `Jewel`
5 5.8 AB
`Holiday` 8 5.8 AB
NY 1368 5 5.6 AB
NY 1560 4 5.5 AB
`Sparkle` 5 5.4 AB
NY 1524 6 5.3 AB
`Raritan` 7 5.3 AB
`Honeoye` 7 5.1 AB
`Allstar` 4 5.0 AB
`Canoga` 4 5.0 AB
MDUS 4380 6 5.0 AB
`Scott` 8 4.9 AB
NY 1530 6 4.8 AB
MDUS 4355 6 4.8 AB
MDUS 4426 5 4.8 AB
NY 1333 5 4.8 AB
NY 1431 5 4.8 AB
NY 1580 3 4.7 AB
MDUS 4774 5 4.6B
NY 1402 5 4.6B
`Midland` 7 4.4B
NY 1406 9 4.2B
NY 1482 4 4.0B
`Catskill` 7 4.0B
MDUS 4579 5 3.8B
`Earlidawn` 8 3.8B
______________________________________
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Mean fruit rot scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.
Mean Number
Cultivar or Selection
Rotted Per 12 Reps.
______________________________________
Earlidawn 11.7 A 3
NY 1476 11.2 A 5
NY 1402 11.2 A 5
Vibrant 10.6 AB 5
Veestar 10.6 AB 5
NY 1477 10.4 AB 5
NY 1515 10.0 ABC 3
NY 1531 9.8 ABC 5
NY 1530 9.8 ABC 5
NY 1415 9.8 ABC 5
NY 1287 9.8 ABC 5
NY 1475 9.4 ABCD 5
V6747R6 9.4 ABCD 5
Holiday 9.4 ABCD 5
MD 4359 (Lester)
9.2 ABCDE 5
NY 1529 9.0 ABCDEF 5
NY 1527 9.0 ABCDEF 4
NY 1261 9.0 ABCDEF 5
Surecrop 9.0 ABCDEF 5
NY 1366 8.0 ABCDEFG 3
NY 1264 8.0BCDEFG 4
Tenira 7.4CDEFG 5
NY 1285 7.2CDEFGH 5
NY 1524 7.0CDEFGH 3
NY 1431 7.0CDEFGH 5
NY 1368 7.0CDEFGH 5
NY 1333 6.8CDEFGH 5
NY 1362 (Canoga)
6.6DEFGH 5
NY 1384 6.4EFGH 5
Guardian 6.2FGH 5
NY 1324 - `Jewel`
5.8GH 5
NY 1406 5.2GH 5
NY 1404 4.8GH 5
NY 1409 (Honeoye)
4,4H 5
______________________________________
Combined score for all rots (Botrytis, soft rots, and white mold). Data
supplied by Dr. H. S. Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York
State Agricultural Experiment Station.
DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
The following describes the accompanying photographs, documenting the unique features characterizing this new culture.
FIG. 1. Ribbon-row of `Jewel` in second year from planting. Plot is a single line of plants spaced 6" apart in the row and all runners kept removed.
FIG. 2. Fruit of `Jewel` in a one-quart box. Note size of fruit, wedge-conic shape and glossy, attractive appearance.
FIG. 3. Comparison of the fruit of `Jewel` with the corresponding color from The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart.
MERITSThe most outstanding feature of N.Y. 1324 is its well-balanced, all-around performance. It combines good fruit size (Table 4), attractiveness (Table 5), quality (Table 6), tough skin (Table 2) and moderately firm flesh (Table 3). In addition, the fruit of N.Y. 1324 are better than average in resistance to various fruit rots (Table 7). Also, N.Y. 1324 has consistently been rated above most other cultivars in frozen fruit taste panel trials.
The plants of N.Y. 1324 have good hardiness and wide regional adaptation. Thirteen of sixteen cooperative testers from different regions rated N.Y. 1324 as above-average to outstanding for all of the following traits: yield, flavor, fruit size, appearance, firmness, keeping quality and foliar disease resistance.
Claims
1. The new and distinct variety of strawberry herein described and illustrated and identified by the characters enumerated above.
Type: Grant
Filed: Jul 2, 1985
Date of Patent: Mar 10, 1987
Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. (Ithaca, NY)
Inventors: John C. Sanford (Geneva, NY), Donald K. Ourecky (Lauderdale Lakes, FL), Jack E. Reich, II (Geneva, NY)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Application Number: 6/751,091
International Classification: A01H 500;
