Abstract: A nonaqueous battery cell includes a casing, a negative electrode provided in the casing, the negative electrode including lithium ions intercalated into a single crystal of a titanium dioxide (TiO2), in the rutile phase, with concentration on the order of 1016 cm?3, a positive electrode provided in the casing, a separator separating the negative electrode from the positive electrode, and an electrolyte disposed in the casing. A method of manufacturing a negative electrode material to be used in a nonaqueous battery cell includes the steps of burying a titanium dioxide (TiO2) into a lithium hydroxide powder, heating, in a furnace, the titanium dioxide buried in the lithium hydroxide powder at about 450° Celsius for 6 or more hours, and isolating a single lithium ion within a C-axis channels aligned along the crystallographic direction of the single TiO2 crystal.

Abstract: A filter system for filtering a fluid is disclosed which includes a sock tank fluidly connected to a baffle tank. The sock tank contains a sock filter for separating particles of a certain size from an unclean fluid. The unclean fluid can come from a container holding a large quantity of fluid, such as an aquarium. The filtered fluid from the sock tank is then routed into the baffle tank. The baffle tank has a first chamber in fluid communication with a second chamber. The first chamber contains a bacteria culture for biological filtration of the incoming fluid. First and second baffles are positioned within the first and second chambers and function to regular the flow of filtered fluid from the first chamber to the second chamber. The first and second baffles also control the fluid level in the first chamber so that the bacteria culture is fully immersed in fluid at all times. This is needed so that the bacteria culture can function properly.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an antenna pattern precursor, wherein the antenna pattern precursor includes a plurality of sensitive regions; and electromagnetically functionalized DNA/nanoparticle complex(es) that individualize the ability to transition between the precursor antenna electrical and resonant frequency characteristics, and activated antenna electrical and resonant frequency characteristics through DNA hybridization of the specific sequences contained in the electromagnetically functionalized DNA/nanoparticle complex(es).

Abstract: A sensor includes a hollow enclosure, an antenna disposed external to the hollow enclosure and configured to collect emission of electromagnetic energy, a circuit disposed within the hollow enclosure and comprising a low noise amplifier (LNA) connectable to the antenna, and an analog to digital converter (ADC) in a connection with the LNA, circuit connections connecting, during use of the sensor, the circuit to each of the antenna, a source of electric energy and a signal processing component, a connection between the enclosure and an enclosure of an integrated circuit (IC), whereby the antenna id disposed between the sensor and the IC, and the sensor configured to at least measure a low-level electromagnetic energy emitted from the IC.

Abstract: Compound detection or testing apparatus includes a microwave power supply, an antenna electrically coupled to the microwave power supply, the antenna adapted to emit energy during use of the apparatus, the antenna further adapted to receive an unabsorbed energy from the material and generate a signal defining the unabsorbed energy, a processing components configured to process the signal and determine a concentration of the compound on/in the fabric material and a reporting member coupled to each of the power supply and the processing member the reporting component configured to communicate the concentration of the compound on/in the fabric material. The apparatus may be configured as a hand-held sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing, inspecting or screening an electrically powered device for modified or unmodified hardware, firmware or software modifications including Malware, Trojans, adware, improper versioning, worms, or virus and the like, includes an antenna positioned at a distance from the electrically powered device and a signal receiver or sensor for examining a signal from the electrically powered device. The receiver or sensor collects unintended RF energy components emitted by the electrically powered device and includes one or more processors and executable instructions that perform analysis in a response to the acquired signal input while the electrically powered device is active or powered. The characteristics of the collected RF energy may be compared with RF energy characteristics of an unmodified device. The comparison determines one of a modified, unmodified or score of certainty of modified condition of the electrically powered device.

Abstract: A battery management system for a motor vehicle is disclosed. The system includes at least one battery having multiple battery cells, an automotive electronic control unit including a device for sensing battery quantities, where the battery quantities are the battery terminal current, the battery terminal voltage and a measured or estimated battery or battery box temperature, the battery terminal current, the battery terminal voltage, the measured or estimated battery or battery box temperature, and an automotive alternator supplying a regulation voltage, where the automotive electronic control unit is adapted to drive the battery through a charging cycle, in which a certain charge voltage and/or a certain charge current is supplied to the battery to charge the battery, and the automotive electronic control unit is adapted to control the regulation voltage based upon the sensed battery quantities to supply the certain charge voltage and/or the certain charge current to the battery.

Abstract: An ordnance firing system is disclosed that includes a reusable electronics module and an ordnance module, each enclosed in a separate, sealed housing. The electronics module housing encloses firing electronics for electrically triggering initiation of a detonator in the ordnance module. The electronics module detachably connects to the ordnance modules via a connector which extends away from the electronics module housing. The housing of the ordnance module is constructed to be blast-resistant to prevent detonation of the detonator from rendering the electronics module inoperable.

Abstract: A method for assessing results from application of energy onto one or more electric or electronic devices includes the steps of acquiring an electromagnetic emission from the one or more devices, directing energy onto the one or more devices, acquiring another electromagnetic emission from the one or more devices having the energy directed thereonto and determining, in accordance with at least one logic algorithm state and/or change in state of the one or more devices. There is also a microprocessor based apparatus that is employed for acquiring the electromagnetic emissions and executing the at least one logic algorithm. Energy is directed by either a weapon or electromagnetic phenomena.

Abstract: A low current power supply circuit is described that includes a depletion mode metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a gate, a source and a drain. The drain is connectable to a power source and the source provides an output voltage for the power supply. A zener diode is connected to the gate of the depletion mode MOSFET configured to operating in its break down mode. A resistor is connected between the source and the gate of the depletion mode MOSFET and is operable to limit current to the zener diode such that the zener diode is kept in a breakdown state during operation. An output capacitor connected between the output voltage and ground.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing, inspecting or screening an electronic device for electrical characteristics, modified or unmodified hardware, or firmware modifications including Malware, Trojans, improper versioning, and the like, includes a transmitting antenna positioned at a distance from the electronic device and a electromagnetic energy receiver or sensor for examining a resulting unintentional derived electromagnetic energy from the electronic device. The receiver collects unintentional RF energy components emitted by the device and includes a processor and executable instructions that perform analysis in a response to the acquired electromagnetic energy input. The characteristics of the collected RF energy may be compared with RF energy characteristics of an exemplary device. The analysis determines one of a modified, unmodified or score of certainty of discerned condition of the device.

Abstract: An apparatus, configured and operable to determine a state and/or an operation of a powered electrical device, comprises one or more antennas, a receiver operable to receive emission(s) of electromagnetic energy from the electrical device; an illumination device operable to illuminate the electrical device with a pulse of electromagnetic energy; a controller including: one or more processors, a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of selecting a spectral frequency target component of the emission(s), iteratively controlling the illumination device, measuring, at each iteration, a change in characteristic(s) of the spectral frequency target component of the emission(s), assigning a score value to each measurement, and iteratively effecting optimized parameter(s) of the pulse based on the score value until a final score value indicates a desired state, operation of the e

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a condition or authenticity of one or more electronic devices includes an enclosure having an antenna integrated therewithin, a fixture mounted within a hollow interior of the enclosure, the fixture being configured to receive the one or more electronic devices and connect one or more signals to each of the one or more electronic devices and a sensor and controller assembly connected to the antenna and configured to process a signature of an emission of a radiofrequency (RF) energy from of one or more electronic devices having the one or more signals connected thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inductively coupled, magnetically enhanced ion beam source, suitable to be used in conjunction with probe-forming optics to produce an ion beam without kinetic energy oscillations induced by the source.

Abstract: Embodiments of a plasma generator apparatus for ashing a work piece are provided. The apparatus includes a container adapted for continuous gas flow there through from an inlet end to an outlet end thereof. The container is fabricated of a dielectric material and adapted for ionization therein of a portion of at least one component of gas flowing therethrough. A gas flow distributor is configured to direct gas flow to a region within the container and a coil surrounds at least a portion of side walls of the container adjacent the region of the container to which the gas flow distributor directs gas flow. A radio frequency generator is coupled to the coil.

Abstract: Embodiments of a plasma generator apparatus for ashing a work piece are provided. The apparatus includes a container adapted for continuous gas flow there through from an inlet end to an outlet end thereof. The container is fabricated of a dielectric material and adapted for ionization therein of a portion of at least one component of gas flowing therethrough. A gas flow distributor is configured to direct gas flow to a region within the container and a coil surrounds at least a portion of side walls of the container adjacent the region of the container to which the gas flow distributor directs gas flow. A radio frequency generator is coupled to the coil.

Abstract: An alignment tool for a steering wheel, where the steering wheel is mounted on a steering column and the tool is configured to attach to the steering wheel. The tool includes a wheel orientation mechanism including a first tilt sensor, reporting a clockwise angle of the steering wheel, and a tilt monitoring mechanism that includes a second tilt sensor to report a tilt angle of the steering column.

Abstract: An apparatus consisting of a ‘DNA/Nanoparticle Complex Enhanced Radio Frequency Transponder’ with unique features, said apparatus including an antenna pattern precursor, wherein the antenna pattern precursor includes a plurality of sensitive regions; and electromagnetically functionalized DNA/nanoparticle complex(es) that individualize the ability to transition between the precursor antenna electrical and resonant frequency characteristics, and activated antenna electrical and resonant frequency characteristics through DNA hybridization of the specific sequences contained in the electromagnetically functionalized DNA/nanoparticle complex(es).

Abstract: The present invention provides an inductively coupled, magnetically enhanced ion beam source, suitable to be used in conjunction with probe-forming optics to produce an ion beam without kinetic energy oscillations induced by the source.

Abstract: The current invention relates to a monitoring and analysis device and a method for monitoring and analysis that utilizes the unintended electromagnetic emissions of electrically powered systems. The present invention monitors electrical devices by taking detailed measurements of the electromagnetic fields emitted by any component or system utilizing electricity. The measurements will be analyzed to both record a baseline score for future measurements and to be used in detailed analysis to determine the status of the analyzed system or component.