Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising adenosine or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acting as an absorption enhancer when combined with a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug. Methods of administering ATP or adenosine to improve the bioavailability of a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug are described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for use in treating, attenuating, preventing or improving liver fibrosis in a subject are described. The compounds of the present invention are gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for use in treating, preventing or improving diseases related to the liver in an animal, including but not limited to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are described. The compounds of the present invention are gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising adenosine or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acting as an absorption enhancer when combined with a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug. Methods of administering ATP or adenosine to improve the bioavailability of a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to modulate autophagy and lipophagy. HMB is also administered to treat, prevent, inhibit, slow or reduce autophagy-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to modulate autophagy and lipophagy. HMB is also administered to treat, prevent, inhibit, slow or reduce autophagy-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an acidic formulation containing ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB), preferably in the free acid form, Vitamin D and a stabilizing excipient, wherein the Vitamin D is stabilized against degradation.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a composition of ?-Hydroxy-?-Methylbutyrate (HMB) with or without Vitamin D to enhance muscle strength and physical functionality, even in individuals not engaged in an exercise training program wherein the enhancements in muscle strength and physical functionality are similar to those seen with exercise.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: A method of administering beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is described, and specifically administering HMB-acid to a person such that the administration of free acid HMB results in an increase in effectiveness of HMB over administration of other forms of HMB, including a calcium salt HMB composition is described. Administration of HMB-acid results in an increase in the peak level of HMB in plasma compared with administration of a similar dose of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in a faster time to reach peak plasma levels of HMB relative to administration of a similar dosage of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in improved bioavailability and improved pharmokinetic parameters compared to administration of the calcium salt form of HMB.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to decrease joint instability, increase joint stability, decrease joint stiffness, improve joint function, improve joint health, improve balanced movement and improve skeletal joint stability during muscle movement. HMB is administered to increase muscle strength and/or muscle mass in a side of the body contralateral to joint inflammation, joint damage, and/or joint injury.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising adenosine or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acting as an absorption enhancer when combined with a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug. Methods of administering ATP or adenosine to improve the bioavailability of a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an acidic formulation containing ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB), preferably in the free acid form, Vitamin D and a stabilizing excipient, wherein the Vitamin D is stabilized against degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for use in treating, attenuating, preventing or improving liver fibrosis in a subject are described. The compounds of the present invention are gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and ATP. Methods of administering HMB and ATP to an animal are also described. HMB and ATP are administered to increase power and strength. The combination of HMB and ATP together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in power and strength. HMB and ATP are also administered to increase lean body mass and muscle hypertrophy and to prevent typical declines in performance that are characteristic of overreaching.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to enhance or promote lipolysis, increase adipocyte fat oxidation, induce adipocyte and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, increase energy expenditure, decrease total body weight and increase body fat loss.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.