Abstract: The present invention provides a feed additive composition comprising ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB). Methods of preventing, eliminating and/or reducing microbial contamination in animal feeds, including livestock and poultry feed and companion animal food, including pet foods such as kibble, chews and treats by adding HMB to the animal feed are provided. HMB can be mixed into the animal feed or applied as a coating or glaze.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to enhance or promote lipolysis, increase adipocyte fat oxidation, induce adipocyte and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, increase energy expenditure, decrease total body weight and increase body fat loss.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB. Methods of administering HMB to an animal are also described. HMB is administered to induce an acute endocrine response. HMB is administered to increase circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: Liquids, substantially clear liquids and foodstuffs are described that contain free acid HMB. The liquids, substantially clear liquids and foodstuffs are substantially free of crude fat and may contain soluble proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, flavorings and other components. The products are shelf-stable and are substantially free of separation, gelation, sedimentation and coagulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and ATP. Methods of administering HMB and ATP to an animal are also described. HMB and ATP are administered to increase power and strength. The combination of HMB and ATP together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in power and strength. HMB and ATP are also administered to increase lean body mass and muscle hypertrophy and to prevent typical declines in performance that are characteristic of overreaching.

Abstract: A method of administering beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is described, and specifically administering HMB-acid to a person such that the administration of free acid HMB results in an increase in effectiveness of HMB over administration of other forms of HMB, including a calcium salt HMB composition is described. Administration of HMB-acid results in an increase in the peak level of HMB in plasma compared with administration of a similar dose of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in a faster time to reach peak plasma levels of HMB relative to administration of a similar dosage of a calcium salt HMB composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

Abstract: A method for determining muscle mass in a human subject useful for monitoring athletic conditioning, weight loss programs, nutritional deficiencies, and disease states which cause muscle wasting is provided comprising administration of a bolus dose of a metabolic marker for 3-methylhistidine, the use of a three-compartment model to describe data from blood samples collected periodically thereafter, and calculation of muscle mass as a function of specific values generated by the model.