Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for detecting whether an illumination source of an endoscope is in use (inside the body of a patient) versus not in use (outside the body of a patient). The disclosure relies on the fact that the working environment is lit solely by the endoscope and its components. Thus, communication between the illumination or light source controller and the imaging device, such as a surgical camera, is required. When the illumination or light source is turned off and the endoscope is outside the body, a sensor will detect ambient light alerting the illumination source controller that it is outside the body, which then keeps the illumination source off or at a low intensity level. Conversely, when the illumination source is turned off and the endoscope is inside the body, the sensor will not detect any light (or will detect only a very low level of light).

Abstract: Content-specific archive files can be generated concurrently with the encoding of an output stream, such as for broadcast content. Tags or triggers, such as SCTE-35 messages, can be detected in the input content stream, and those triggers used to determine actions to be taken with respect to the content stream. As an example, program start tags and end tags can be used to determine when to begin, and end, the archiving of content to an output file specific to that program content. For archives that should not include advertising, secondary content, or any non-program content, triggers such as advertising start and stop tags can be used to determine when to pause and resume recording for those archives. Once completed, these archive files can be made accessible to users, such as through a video-on-demand service or other such offering.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex, wherein the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex is, at least partly, in the form of a precipitate; carrying out a solid/liquid separation of the product mixture to obtain a cake comprising the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex precipitate; putting the cake in contact with a decomplexing solvent, wherein the decomplexing solvent is a protic solvent, so as to dissociate the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex into 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene; and, recovering the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene. Also, a method for manufacturing a polyaryletherketone polymer starting from 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene manufactured by the above method.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing corrosion of equipment having a corrodible metal surface that contacts water in a hydrostatic system are provided. Compositions may include a liquid-phase corrosion inhibitor and vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor. Methods may include introducing into the hydrostatic system a liquid-phase corrosion inhibitor, vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor and/or a scaling inhibitor. A protective film can be formed on the corrodible metal surface.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for producing an image in light deficient environments and associated structures, methods and features. The features of the systems and methods described herein may include providing improved resolution and color reproduction.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for digitally imaging with area limited image sensors, such as within a lumen of an endoscope.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for widening dynamic range within an image in a light deficient environment.

Abstract: Content-specific archive files can be generated concurrently with the encoding of an output stream, such as for broadcast content. Tags or triggers, such as SCTE-35 messages, can be detected in the input content stream, and those triggers used to determine actions to be taken with respect to the content stream. As an example, program start tags and end tags can be used to determine when to begin, and end, the archiving of content to an output file specific to that program content. For archives that should not include advertising, secondary content, or any non-program content, triggers such as advertising start and stop tags can be used to determine when to pause and resume recording for those archives. Once completed, these archive files can be made accessible to users, such as through a video-on-demand service or other such offering.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for digitally imaging with area limited image sensors, such as within a lumen of an endoscope. The system includes an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing electromagnetic radiation. The pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel groups comprising only active pixels, a plurality of pixel groups comprising only optical black pixels, and a plurality of line readouts, wherein each line readout is configured to read out a single group of the plurality of pixel groups in the pixel array. The imaging system samples one or more of the plurality of pixel groups comprising only optical black pixels a plurality of times to reduce a size of the image sensor by reducing a number of optical black columns.

Abstract: An online review system determines scores for document authors and document reviewers. An author score is based on a number of comments added to a document by reviewers. One way to compute the author score is to use a ratio of a number of comments provided by reviewers of a document to a number of lines of document contents provided by the author. A reviewer score for a reviewer is based on an amount of comments subsequently made by other reviewers, and on the document content itself, such as a ratio of a number of comments provided in subsequent reviews of a document to a number of lines of original document contents. In some embodiments, the online review system monitors trends in scores of individuals or teams.

Abstract: Multiple chemical tracers are provided in a fluid system, and measured to evaluate parameters of the system. The multiple chemical tracers include at least one reactive chemical tracer that provides a measurable signal with an intensity that changes as the reactive chemical tracer reacts in the fluid system. The signals of the multiple chemical tracers are compared to each other to evaluate a system parameter, such as temperature, pH, or system events.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing high purity gaseous chlorine dioxide are provided. A solid chlorite reactant is contacted with an ozone-containing reactant gas, or a gas containing both ozone and a component that reacts with any hydroxide byproduct (such as carbon dioxide), to produce chlorine dioxide. The reaction can be monitored and controlled to ensure that excess chlorite reactant is provided and to prevent ozone from passing into the product gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for measuring the amount of cationic organic water treatment additives in water systems. Disclosed systems and methods monitor, analyze and control the amounts of cationic organic water treatment additive supplied to the water. Disclosed systems and methods may include various dyes and surfactants for facilitating the monitoring and control of the cationic organic water treatment additives.

Abstract: Filter for a smoking product, the filter including a first filter segment and a second filter segment, wherein the first filter segment includes a component that is given off into a smoke stream passing through a filter outlet opening, and the second filter segment includes a sorption means that absorbs a component from a smoke stream passing through the filter inlet opening.

Abstract: Devices and methods for sterilizing and/or disinfecting workpieces, such as medical and dental instruments. The device can include a chamber that receives the workpieces and can be sealed. The chamber is filled with chlorine dioxide gas to a threshold concentration and for a time sufficient to sterilize and/or disinfect the workpieces.

Abstract: A hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber having a hollow core and a cladding which surrounds the core at a core boundary and comprises a lattice or network of struts and interstitial nodes which together define an array of cavities, wherein a ratio between a difference in a length of a longest and shortest pitch spacing of the nodes at the core boundary to an average pitch spacing at the core boundary is less than about 0.3.

Abstract: Techniques for implementing operating system layering are described herein. In one example, a method includes managing one or more container temporary storage spaces and one or more container runtime environments. Furthermore, the method includes loading, one or more drivers to provide compatibility between a container operating system and a host operating system, the one or more drivers comprising application program interface (API) compatibility libraries to enable API compatibility between the container operating system and the host operating system; metadata arbitration logic to enable compatibility between the container operating system and the host operating system by modifying container operating system references; and file arbitration logic to modify operating system file locations accessed by the container operating system and the host operating system.

Abstract: There is provided methods for separating a target material from a raw material by mixing the raw material with water to form a slurry, adding a collector compound to the slurry to modify a relative hydrophobicity of a surface of the target material, adding a facilitator compound to enhance the modification of the relative hydrophobicity of the surface, and forming a froth including a concentrate of the target material. Disclosed methods may also include adding a facilitator compound to a raw material slurry that has been treated with a collector compound and a reagent for neutralizing the collector compound.

Abstract: Methods for removing a target anion entity, such as a phosphate ion, from fluids by treating the fluid with a substrate containing an immobilized rare earth, the substrate being either a first loaded substrate including a first immobilized cationic rare earth, the first loaded substrate being formed by precipitating a rare earth in a clay such that the rare earth is fixed inside a porous structure of the clay and/or fixed on the surface of the clay; or a second loaded substrate comprising a second immobilized cationic rare earth that is bonded to the second loaded substrate via a chelating ligand.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing and treating a fluid containing a peroxyacid and/or peroxide. A method of analyzing the fluid includes introducing into the fluid a decomposition agent that catalyzes decomposition of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide into decomposition products including oxygen, then directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent, and determining an amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide present in the fluid. The amount of peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid can also be monitored and controlled by further adjusting the amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid based on the determined amount thereof. A system for performing the methods includes a decomposition agent infusion device for introducing the decomposition agent into a fluid sample, and a sensor for directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent.