Abstract: Methods of producing chlorine dioxide including providing an acid, a chlorate salt and an organic water treatment additive that can form a reducing agent in situ, mixing the acid, the chlorate salt and the organic water treatment additive, and reacting the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in filters for use in smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos. The improvements, particularly but not exclusively, relate to filter capabilities and to the manufacture of such filters. In one example, a filter for a smoking article comprises a first fibrous filter material having an average fibre denier in the range 7 to 9 and a second fibrous filter material having an average fibre denier of below 7. The application also describes a filter for a smoking article comprising various other filter arrangements including absorbent and/or adsorbent materials.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for digital imaging in an ambient light deficient environment. The disclosure includes an imaging sensor that comprises an array of pixels for sensing electromagnetic radiation. The disclosure includes an emitter that is configured to emit a pulse of electromagnetic radiation and a control unit that comprises a processor. The control unit is in electrical communication with the imaging sensor and the emitter. The control unit is configured to synchronize the emitter and the imaging sensor so as to produce a plurality of image reference frames. The plurality of image reference frames comprise a luminance frame comprising luminance image data and a chrominance frame comprising chrominance data, wherein the plurality of image reference frames are combined to form a color image.

Abstract: A digital imaging method for use with an endoscope in ambient light deficient environments is disclosed. In an implementation, the method may include illuminating the environment with pulsed electromagnetic radiation and sensing differing exposures of reflected electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor. The method may further include receiving image data from the pixel array that corresponds to the differing exposures. The method may include creating exposed frames from the image data, where each frame corresponds with a different exposure. The method may further include emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation during a blanking period. The method may further include creating a display frame from the exposed frames. The method may further include creating a stream of images by sequentially combining display frames taken using the differing exposures to provide increased dynamic range.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting the formation of foam in aqueous systems by adding foam control composition including a polyoxyethylene and/or a polyoxypropylene nonionic fatty acid derivative and a quaternary ammonium surfactant.

Abstract: The disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for digitally imaging with area limited image sensors, such as within a lumen of an endoscope.

Abstract: An aircraft comprises a turbine engine suspended from a wing by means of a pylon. Compressed hot air is bled off from the turbine engine. A bleed air duct in the wing conveys the compressed hot air towards a fuselage. In order to prevent overheating of aircraft parts that are relatively close to the bleed air duct, the following solution is proposed. The pylon comprises an opening with a covering structure projecting into a bypass exhaust flow from the turbine engine. The covering structure leaves a slit facing away from the bypass exhaust flow. An airflow path extends from openings in the wing to the slit left by the covering structure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing high purity gaseous chlorine dioxide are provided. A solid chlorite reactant is contacted with an ozone-containing reactant gas, or a gas containing both ozone and a component that reacts with any hydroxide byproduct (such as carbon dioxide), to produce chlorine dioxide. The reaction can be monitored and controlled to ensure that excess chlorite reactant is provided and to prevent ozone from passing into the product gas.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber, comprising the steps of: providing a stack of capillaries, wherein the stack has a hollow core and the capillaries at a boundary of the core comprise a plurality of first, corner core capillaries and a plurality of second, intermediate core capillaries; applying a pressure differential between the corner core capillaries and the intermediate core capillaries, whereby a size of the corner core capillaries can be controlled in relation to the intermediate core capillaries; and reducing the stack to a fiber, wherein the fiber has a hollow core and a cladding which surrounds the core at a core boundary and comprises a lattice or network of struts and interstitial nodes which together define an array of cavities.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing corrosion of equipment having a corrodible metal surface that contacts water in a hydrostatic system are provided. Compositions may include a liquid-phase corrosion inhibitor and vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor. Methods may include introducing into the hydrostatic system a liquid-phase corrosion inhibitor, vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor and/or a scaling inhibitor. A protective film can be formed on the corrodible metal surface.

Abstract: A hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber having a hollow core and a cladding which surrounds the core at a core boundary and comprises a lattice or network of struts and interstitial nodes which together define an array of cavities, wherein a ratio between a difference in a length of a longest and shortest pitch spacing of the nodes at the core boundary to an average pitch spacing at the core boundary is less than about 0.3.

Abstract: An embodiment prevents equipment fouling (deposition of unwanted material) in an oil recovery system via implementing passivation of metallic components. By preventing or at least slowing or inhibiting corrosion of equipment or components via passivation, such as passivating heat exchangers, metallic piping, and the like, an embodiment in turn reduces fouling thereof. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for producing an image in light deficient environments and associated structures, methods and features is disclosed and described. The features of the system may include controlling a light source through duration, intensity or both; pulsing a component controlled light source during the blanking period; maximizing the blanking period to allow optimum light; and maintaining color balance.

Abstract: Methods for preventing corrosion of equipment having a corrodible metal surface that contacts water in a water system, the method comprising pre-treating the corrodible metal surface before the equipment is brought into service in the water system, the pre-treating including contacting a stannous corrosion inhibitor with the corrodible metal surface, wherein the stannous corrosion inhibitor is provided in sufficient amount and for sufficient time to form a protective film on at least a portion of the corrodible metal surface.

Abstract: A multi-spectral holographic security marker is made by a novel method according to the invention involving a replay frequency shift to one or more final replay frequencies of a part or parts only of a recorded image plane volume hologram. The marker comprises an optional surface hologram and an image plane volume hologram. The volume hologram is divided into discrete areas which have mutually different final replay frequencies. The security information carried by the marker is a combination of the size and shape of those different replay areas together with the hologram content itself which is spread across the different replay areas. If the marker also includes a surface hologram, then that is preferably aligned with the junctions between the replay areas. Preferably one volume hologram replay frequency is in the visible spectrum and the other is in the invisible part of the spectrum (IR or UV).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for improving heat transfer of recirculating fluids within a system by introducing a ferrofluid in which iron oxide nanoparticles are suspended in a carrier fluid that is, in turn, added to a working fluid for increasing the heat capacity of the working fluid. The ferrofluid suspension can be prepared ex-situ and metered into the working fluid from a separate reservoir or may be prepared in-situ as needed through the use of an inline reactor. The ferrofluid can be introduced with other water treatment additives which are compatible with the colloidal suspension and monitored directly and/or indirectly for controlling the heat capacity performance of the system.

Abstract: Enforcing limitations on hardware drivers. The method includes from a system kernel, assigning I/O resources to the system's root bus. From the root bus, the method further includes assigning a subset of the I/O resources to a device bus. Assigning a subset of the I/O resources to a device bus includes limiting the device bus to only be able to assign I/O resources that are assigned to it by the root bus. From the device bus, the method includes assigning I/O resources to a device through a device interface.

Abstract: A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives of formula (I), being potent modulators of human TNFa activity, are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of various human ailments, including autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders; cardiovascular disorders; metabolic disorders; ocular disorders; and oncological disorders.

Abstract: Methods for removing a target anion entity, such as a phosphate ion, from fluids by treating the fluid with a substrate containing an immobilized rare earth, the substrate being either a first loaded substrate including a first immobilized cationic rare earth, the first loaded substrate being formed by precipitating a rare earth in a clay such that the rare earth is fixed inside a porous structure of the clay and/or fixed on the surface of the clay; or a second loaded substrate comprising a second immobilized cationic rare earth that is bonded to the second loaded substrate via a chelating ligand.

Abstract: There are provided methods of suppressing corrosion of a corrodible metal surface that contacts a water stream in a water system, the method comprising: (a) introducing into the water stream a shot dose of a treatment composition comprising a corrosion inhibitor, the shot dose being introduced into the water stream over a first time period and the water stream having a first concentration of corrosion inhibitor during the first time period; (b) then reducing the amount of treatment composition that is introduced into the water stream; and (c) after the first time period, maintaining a second concentration of corrosion inhibitor in the water stream over a second time period, the second concentration being less than 25% of the concentration of corrosion inhibitor during the first time period.