Abstract: Provided is a thin film monitoring method including: injecting a laser beam into a thin film on a substrate to form excited carriers in the thin film, irradiating an electromagnetic wave onto the thin film while the excited carriers in the thin film are recombining, measuring characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave reacting with the excited carriers in the thin film, and determining composition uniformity or defect distribution of the thin film based on locations on the substrate by using a parameter including the measured characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor structure defect monitoring method including injecting a laser beam into a semiconductor structure to form excited carriers in the semiconductor structure; irradiating an electromagnetic wave onto the semiconductor structure while the excited carriers in the semiconductor structure are recombining; measuring characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave reacting with the excited carriers in the semiconductor structure; and determining a defect density or defect distribution of the semiconductor structure by using a parameter including the measured characteristic information of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data assimilation system of numerical models using atmospheric research aircraft observation data for constructing a data assimilation system for generating improved initial conditions and performing efficient aerial observation work using atmospheric research aircraft observation data, and a method of constructing a weather prediction model with data assimilation applied of the data assimilation system. A data assimilation system of numerical models using atmospheric research aircraft observation data includes an observation error data generation module, a background error covariance generation module, a data assimilation module and a lateral boundary field generation module.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mobility capable of automating loading and unloading of a cargo without the aid of manpower and an apparatus for loading and unloading a cargo. The mobility includes a cargo hold that accommodates a cargo; and a loading plate positioned to be spaced apart from a bottom of the cargo hold and installed so as to be able to tilt toward any one side of the mobility in the cargo hold.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic authentication system and method of supporting multi-signature. The method includes: designating a user group including a plurality of users to participate in multi-signature; further including a virtual user in the user group according to a predetermined policy or a request of one or two or more users of the plurality of users; generating a communication channel for communication with the user group; receiving a public key for each user of the user group through the communication channel, and sharing the received public key with the user or virtual user of the user group; and sharing a local signature generated by the user of the user group through the communication channel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for image encoding/decoding. An intra-prediction mode for the target block is derived, and intra-prediction for the target block that uses the derived intra-prediction mode is performed. The intra-prediction mode for the target block is derived using an artificial neural network, and an MPM list for the target block is derived using information about the target block, pieces of information about blocks adjacent to the target block, and the artificial neural network. The artificial neural network outputs one or more available intra-prediction modes. Further, the artificial neural network outputs match probabilities for one or more candidate intra-prediction modes, and each of the match probabilities for the candidate intra-prediction modes indicates a probability that the corresponding candidate intra-prediction mode matches the intra-prediction mode for the target block.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device including forming a polysilicon layer on a substrate, patterning the polysilicon layer to form a polysilicon pattern including a first region and a second region each having a first thickness, and a third region having a second thickness less than the first thickness, forming a gate insulation layer on the polysilicon pattern, forming a gate electrode on the gate insulation layer, partially implanting ions into the polysilicon pattern to form an active layer, forming an insulation interlayer on the gate electrode, forming source and drain contact holes each passing through the insulation interlayer and the gate insulation layer and respectively overlapping the first region and the second region, forming source and drain electrodes respectively filling the source and drain contact holes, and forming a light emitting element electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

Abstract: A magnetic transfer apparatus includes: a magnetomotive force source providing magnetic flux, a first magnetic flux distribution circuit connected to one end of the magnetomotive force source, having a single input terminal and a plurality of output terminals, and distributing the magnetic flux, and a second magnetic flux distribution circuit connected to the other end of the magnetomotive force source, having a single output terminal and a plurality of input terminals, and collecting the distributed magnetic flux. The output terminals of the first magnetic flux distribution circuit are disposed to be adjacent to each other to form a pair with the input terminals of the second magnetic flux distribution circuit.

Abstract: An energy storage module includes: a cover member including an internal receiving space configured to accommodate battery cells each including a vent; a top plate coupled to a top of the cover member and including ducts respectively corresponding to the vents of the battery cells; a top cover coupled to a top portion of the top plate and including discharge holes located in an exhaust area and respectively corresponding to the ducts; and an extinguisher sheet located between the top cover and the top plate, and configured to emit a fire extinguishing agent at a temperature exceeding a reference temperature, and the top cover includes protrusion parts located on a bottom surface of the top cover, covering the exhaust area, and coupled to an exterior of the ducts.

Abstract: Provided is a power management device including a first power domain operating in a sleep mode consuming minimal power, and a second power domain turned on exclusively when a wake signal is received from an external device within a communication range of the first power domain, wherein the first power domain includes an always-on Digital Low-DropOut (DLDO), and the second power domain includes a main Low-DropOut (LDO), and split sequence control is performed on power management in the first power domain and the second power domain.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mount control system and method for vehicles in which a camera of an electronically controlled suspension system with road preview photographs a road surface condition of a road ahead of a vehicle, a suspension controller determines a road surface state of the road based on photographed information of the camera, and a mount controller controls semi-active mounts to be in an on state or in an off state based on road surface state determination information transmitted from the suspension controller and values detected by wheel acceleration sensors mounted on wheels of the vehicle, so as to improve not only NVH performance but also driving vibration damping performance depending on the road surface state.

Abstract: Example memory controllers are disclosed. An example memory controller may include a PHY module including a first PHY terminal connected to a plurality of pins of a device connector, a MAC module including a first MAC terminal that is enabled to form a first lane with the first PHY terminal, and a second MAC terminal that is disabled without being connected to the first PHY terminal, a switch controller configured to receive a signal of a host connector connected to the device connector from at least one of the plurality of pins and output a switch signal in response to the signal of the host connector, and a switch configured to disable the second MAC terminal and form the first lane by connecting the first PHY terminal to the first MAC terminal in response to the switch signal.

Abstract: An ink composition including a semiconductor nanoparticle, a first organic ligand, and a polymerizable monomer; and a semiconductor nanoparticle-polymer composite prepared therefrom. The semiconductor nanoparticle includes a Group 11-13-16 compound including silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur. The first organic ligand includes an aromatic group and fluorine, and in the ink composition, the amount of the semiconductor nanoparticles is about 2 weight percent to about 70 weight percent based on a total weight of the ink composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells in which a plurality of porous reinforcement films and ionomer layers are continuously disposed or stacked, and a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells manufactured thereby. The polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells includes the porous reinforcement films, thus having excellent mechanical stiffness and improved physical durability. Further, the polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells includes an ionomer layer including a catalyst for decomposing peroxide configured to block gas crossover and may thus minimize performance degradation due to gas crossover and prevent an electrical short, and the polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells makes it easy to adjust the position of the ionomer layer in the electrolyte membrane in the thickness direction and may thus effectively mitigate gas crossover.

Abstract: In one aspect, an electric furnace is provided with a double type melting furnace, which includes: a first upper cell that forms a first upper space of a first melting furnace in which a first iron source is introduced and molten; a second upper cell that is disposed in a horizontal direction of the first upper cell and forms a second upper space of a second melting furnace in which a second iron source is introduced and molten; a lower cell that is combined with lower portions of the first upper cell and the second upper cell and forms a single integrated space in which a first lower space of the first melting furnace and a second lower space of the second melting furnace are integrated; and a partition wall unit that is installed to vertically move up and down between the first upper cell and the second upper cell, and separates the first lower space of the first melting furnace and the second lower space of the second melting furnace, although both of the lower spaces are integrally formed by the lower cel

Abstract: An energy storage module includes: a cover member including an internal receiving space configured to accommodate battery cells each including a vent; a top plate coupled to a top of the cover member and including ducts respectively corresponding to the vents of the battery cells; a top cover coupled to a top portion of the top plate and including discharge holes located in an exhaust area and respectively corresponding to the ducts; and an extinguisher sheet located between the top cover and the top plate, and configured to emit a fire extinguishing agent at a temperature exceeding a reference temperature, and the top cover includes protrusion parts located on a bottom surface of the top cover, covering the exhaust area, and coupled to an exterior of the ducts.

Abstract: A display device is provided. A display device including a plurality of light-output areas through which incident light is emitted and a light-blocking area which blocks the incident light, the display device includes a substrate, a bank layer which is disposed in the light-blocking area on the substrate and defines a plurality of openings, each of which is disposed in one of the plurality of light-output areas, and a color control pattern disposed in the opening of the bank layer, wherein the bank layer includes a first bank area which has a first thickness and defines the plurality of openings and a second bank area which is disposed between the plurality of openings and has a second thickness smaller than the first thickness.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device may include a second semiconductor substrate directly bonded to a first semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor substrate may include a first through via with an end portion protruding through a first top surface, the first top surface being a top surface of a first semiconductor substrate body, a liner extending to partially expose a side surface of the end portion of the first through via, and a first diffusion barrier layer. The liner may include a third top surface that is positioned at a lower height than a second top surface, the second top surface being a top surface of the end portion of the first through via and substantially equal to the first top surface. Alternatively, the liner may include a third surface positioned at a height that is lower than the second top surface and higher than the first top surface.

Abstract: An exposure mask for forming a pattern having a first width includes a first line, a second line, and at least one bridge line. The first line may be extended in a first direction. The first line has a second width narrower than the first width. The second line may be extended parallel to and spaced apart from the first line. The second line is formed having the second width. The bridge line may be connected between the first line and the second line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel heterocyclic compound and a composition, for preventing or treating a cancer, an autoimmune disease, and an inflammatory disease, comprising same. The novel heterocyclic compound of the present invention is a bifunctional compound having a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) degradation function via a ubiquitin proteasome pathway, and may be utilized as a composition for preventing or treating a cancer, an autoimmune disease, and Parkinson's disease.