Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate to enable selective doping without a photolithography process is provided. The method includes forming a diffusion barrier on the substrate having a patterned structure using plasma deposition method, removing the diffusion barrier except for part of the diffusion barrier using wet etching, forming a diffusion source layer on the patterned structure and the part of the diffusion barrier, and applying energy to the diffusion source layer.

Abstract: A system for measuring displacement of an accelerating tube by using a micro-alignment telescope, which includes a vacuum chamber; a hollow accelerating tube in the vacuum chamber; a sighting target attached to a surface of the accelerating tube while protruding from the surface of the accelerating tube; the micro-alignment telescope spaced apart from one side surface of the vacuum chamber; a first lens device interposed between the micro-alignment telescope and the vacuum chamber; and a second lens device spaced apart from an opposite side surface of the vacuum chamber by a distance, wherein the vacuum chamber includes first and second viewports placed on the surfaces of the vacuum chamber in correspondence with each other, and the micro-alignment telescope, the first lens device, the first viewport, the sighting target, the second viewport and the second lens device are aligned on a same axis in one direction.

Abstract: A slot die coater planarizing an upper surface of an encapsulation layer and a coating method using the same. The slot die coater includes a slit nozzle configured to supply a coating solution. The slit nozzle includes a hole vertically penetrating a center portion thereof, a first bottom surface disposed at a movement direction side of the slit nozzle with reference to the hole, and a second bottom surface disposed at an opposite direction side of the movement direction of the slit nozzle with reference to the hole. A width of the first bottom surface is different from the width of the second bottom surface.

Abstract: A slot die coater planarizing an upper surface of an encapsulation layer and a coating method using the same. The slot die coater includes a slit nozzle configured to supply a coating solution. The slit nozzle includes a hole vertically penetrating a center portion thereof, a first bottom surface disposed at a movement direction side of the slit nozzle with reference to the hole, and a second bottom surface disposed at an opposite direction side of the movement direction of the slit nozzle with reference to the hole. A width of the first bottom surface is different from the width of the second bottom surface.

Abstract: Methods of forming semiconductor devices including vertical channels and semiconductor devices formed using such methods are provided. The methods may include forming a stack including a plurality of insulating patterns alternating with a plurality of conductive patterns on an upper surface of a substrate and forming a hole through the stack. The hole may expose sidewalls of the plurality of insulating patterns and the plurality of conductive patterns. The sidewalls of the plurality of insulating patterns may be aligned along a first plane that is slanted with respect to the upper surface of the substrate, and midpoints of the respective sidewalls of the plurality of conductive patterns may be aligned along a second plane that is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods of forming semiconductor devices including vertical channels and semiconductor devices formed using such methods are provided. The methods may include forming a stack including a plurality of insulating patterns alternating with a plurality of conductive patterns on an upper surface of a substrate and forming a hole through the stack. The hole may expose sidewalls of the plurality of insulating patterns and the plurality of conductive patterns. The sidewalls of the plurality of insulating patterns may be aligned along a first plane that is slanted with respect to the upper surface of the substrate, and midpoints of the respective sidewalls of the plurality of conductive patterns may be aligned along a second plane that is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory device, can be provided by forming a gate insulating layer and a gate conductive layer on a substrate that includes active regions that are defined by device isolation regions that include a carbon-containing silicon oxide layer. The gate conductive layer and the gate insulating layer can be sequentially etched to expose the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer. The carbon-containing silicon oxide layer can be wet-etched to recess a surface of the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer to below a surface of the substrate. Then, an interlayer insulating layer can be formed between the gate insulating layer and the gate conductive layer on the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer, where an air gap can be formed between the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer and the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flash memory device includes: forming a dielectric layer on an active region of a substrate having an isolation region and the active region; forming a floating gate on the dielectric layer; forming an isolation layer in the isolation region; forming a nitride layer including a first nitride layer portion formed on an exposed surface of the floating gate and a second nitride layer portion formed on an exposed surface of the isolation layer; selectively removing nitrogen atoms from the second nitride layer portion of the nitride layer; forming an inter-gate dielectric layer on both the first nitride layer portion and the isolation layer; and forming a control gate on the inter-gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory device, can be provided by forming a gate insulating layer and a gate conductive layer on a substrate that includes active regions that are defined by device isolation regions that include a carbon-containing silicon oxide layer. The gate conductive layer and the gate insulating layer can be sequentially etched to expose the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer. The carbon-containing silicon oxide layer can be wet-etched to recess a surface of the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer to below a surface of the substrate. Then, an interlayer insulating layer can be formed between the gate insulating layer and the gate conductive layer on the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer, where an air gap can be formed between the carbon-containing silicon oxide layer and the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: In a vertical semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a vertical semiconductor device, sacrificial layers and insulating interlayers are repeatedly and alternately stacked on a substrate. The sacrificial layers include boron (B) and nitrogen (N) and have an etching selectivity with respect to the insulating interlayers. Semiconductor patterns are formed on the substrate through the sacrificial layers and the insulating interlayers. The sacrificial layers and the insulating interlayers are at least partially removed between the semiconductor patterns to form sacrificial layer patterns and insulating interlayer patterns on sidewalls of the semiconductor patterns. The sacrificial layer patterns are removed to form grooves between the insulating interlayer patterns. The grooves expose portions of the sidewalls of the semiconductor patterns. A gate structure is formed in each of the grooves.

Abstract: Provided are methods of fabricating flash memory devices that may prevent a short circuit from occurring between cell gate lines. Methods of fabricating such flash memory devices may include forming gate lines including a series of multiple cell gate lines and multiple selection gate lines. Each gate line may include a stacked structure of a tunnel insulating layer, a floating gate, a gate insulating layer, and/or a polysilicon layer operable to be a control gate, all formed on a semiconductor substrate. Methods may include forming a first insulating layer that selectively fills gaps between the cell gate lines from the bottom up and between adjacent ones of the cell gate lines and the selection gate lines, and does not fill a space located on outer sides of the selection gate lines that are opposite the plurality of cell gate lines. A spacer may be formed on the outer sides of the selection gate lines that are opposite to the cell gate lines, after forming the first insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flash memory device includes: forming a dielectric layer on an active region of a substrate having an isolation region and the active region; forming a floating gate on the dielectric layer; forming an isolation layer in the isolation region; forming a nitride layer including a first nitride layer portion formed on an exposed surface of the floating gate and a second nitride layer portion formed on an exposed surface of the isolation layer; selectively removing nitrogen atoms from the second nitride layer portion of the nitride layer; forming an inter-gate dielectric layer on both the first nitride layer portion and the isolation layer; and forming a control gate on the inter-gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a lower device on a lower semiconductor substrate, and forming an interlayer insulating film on the lower device. An upper semiconductor substrate is formed on the interlayer insulating film such that the interlayer insulating film is between the lower and upper semiconductor substrates. Upper trenches are formed within the upper semiconductor substrate. An upper device isolating film is formed within the upper trenches. The upper device isolating film is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength configured to break chemical bonds of impurities in the upper device isolating film to reduce an impurity concentration thereof.

Abstract: A method of filling a trench in a substrate ensures that a void or seam is not left in the material occupying the trench. First, a preliminary insulating layer is formed so as to extend contiguously along the bottom and sides of the trench and along an upper surface of the substrate. Impurities are then implanted into a portion of the preliminary insulating layer adjacent the top of the first trench to form a first insulating layer having a doped region and an undoped region. The doped region is removed to form a first insulating layer pattern at the bottom and sides of the first trench, and which first insulating layer pattern defines a second trench. The second trench is then filled with insulating material.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a trench isolation region and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The method includes forming a first trench region in a substrate, and a second trench region having a larger width than the first trench region in the substrate. A lower material layer may fill the first and second trench regions. The lower material layer may be etched by a first etching process to form a first preliminary lower material layer pattern remaining in the first trench region and form a second preliminary lower material layer pattern that remains in the second trench region. An upper surface of the second preliminary lower material layer pattern may be at a different height than the first preliminary lower material layer pattern. The first and second preliminary lower material layer patterns may be etched by a second etching process to form first and second lower material layer patterns having top surfaces at substantially the same height.

Abstract: Provided are methods of fabricating flash memory devices that may prevent a short circuit from occurring between cell gate lines. Methods of fabricating such flash memory devices may include forming gate lines including a series of multiple cell gate lines and multiple selection gate lines. Each gate line may include a stacked structure of a tunnel insulating layer, a floating gate, a gate insulating layer, and/or a polysilicon layer operable to be a control gate, all formed on a semiconductor substrate. Methods may include forming a first insulating layer that selectively fills gaps between the cell gate lines from the bottom up and between adjacent ones of the cell gate lines and the selection gate lines, and does not fill a space located on outer sides of the selection gate lines that are opposite the plurality of cell gate lines. A spacer may be formed on the outer sides of the selection gate lines that are opposite to the cell gate lines, after forming the first insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for fabricating semiconductor devices incorporating a composite trench isolation structure comprising a first oxide pattern, a SOG pattern and a second oxide pattern wherein the oxide patterns enclose the SOG pattern. The methods include the deposition of a first oxide layer and a SOG layer to fill recessed trench regions formed in the substrate. The first oxide layer and the SOG layer are then subjected to a planarization sequence including a CMP process followed by an etchback process to form a composite structure having a substantially flat upper surface that exposes both the oxide and the SOG material. The second oxide layer is then applied and subjected to a similar CMP/etchback sequence to obtain a composite structure having an upper surface that is recessed relative to a plane defined by the surfaces of adjacent active regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising tissue-cultured adventitious roots itself of ginseng, and to a preparing method thereof. The cosmetic composition of the present invention is characterized in that effective ingredients are dip-extracted from the tissue cultured adventitious roots of a ginseng contained in the composition, without any additional process for preparing an extract of the tissue-cultured adventitious roots of a ginseng. In the cosmetic composition of the present invention, the effective ingredients are naturally and continuously dip-extracted from the tissue-cultured adventitious roots itself of a ginseng and maintained, and also allows a user to recognize visually the presence of the adventitious roots of a ginseng, thereby giving trust of the presence of the effective ingredient to the user, and improving user's satisfaction through its natural flavor.

Abstract: In a method of forming a device isolation layer for minimizing a parasitic capacitor and a non-volatile memory device using the same, a trench is formed on a substrate. A first insulation layer is formed on a top surface of the substrate and on inner surfaces of the trench, so that the trench is partially filled with the first insulation layer. A second insulation layer is formed on the first insulation layer to a thickness to fill up the trench, thereby forming a preliminary isolation layer. An etching rate of the second insulation layer is different from that of the first insulation layer. A recess is formed at a central portion of the preliminary isolation layer by partially removing the first and second insulation layers, thereby forming the device isolation layer including the recess. The recess in the device isolation layer reduces a parasitic capacitance in a non-volatile memory device.