Abstract: Graphene semiconductor device, a method of manufacturing a graphene semiconductor device, an organic light emitting display and a memory, include forming a multilayered member including a sacrificial substrate, a sacrificial layer, and a semiconductor layer deposited in sequence, forming a transfer substrate on the semiconductor layer, forming a first laminate including the transfer substrate and the semiconductor layer by removing the sacrificial layer to separate the sacrificial substrate from the semiconductor layer, forming a second laminate by forming a graphene layer on a base substrate, combining the first laminate and the second laminate such that the semiconductor layer contacts the graphene layer, and removing the transfer substrate.

Abstract: Transistors and methods of manufacturing the same may include a gate on a substrate, a channel layer having a three-dimensional (3D) channel region covering at least a portion of a gate, a source electrode over a first region of the channel layer, and a drain electrode over a second region of the channel layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a graphene device may include forming a device portion including a graphene layer on the first substrate; attaching a second substrate on the device portion of the first substrate; and removing the first substrate. The removing of the first substrate may include etching a sacrificial layer between the first substrate and the graphene layer. After removing the first substrate, a third substrate may be attached on the device portion. After attaching the third substrate, the second substrate may be removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an environmental load assessment system, which is capable of efficiently and simply assessing an environmental load of a building in all stages (e.g., a planning stage, a design stage, a construction stage, and a use stage after construction) in doing executing a business by subdividing an assessment process, such as simple assessment in the design stage, detailed assessment in the start stage, and site assessment in the construction stage according to the progress of a construction project.

Abstract: A spelling correction system and method automatically recognizes and corrects misspelled inputs in an electronic device with relatively lower computing power. In a learning process, a misspelling correction dictionary is constructed on the basis of a corpus of accepted words, and context-sensitive strings are selected from among all the strings registered in the dictionary. Context information about the context-sensitive strings is acquired. In an applying process, at least one target string is selected from among all the strings in a user's input sentence through the dictionary. If the target string is one of the context-sensitive strings, the target string is corrected by use of the context information.

Abstract: Provided are a perpendicular magnetic recording head and a method of manufacturing the same. The perpendicular magnetic recording head includes a main pole including a pole tip applying a recording magnetic field to a recording medium, a coil surrounding the main pole in a solenoid shape such that recording magnetic field for recording information to a recording medium is generated at the pole tip, and a return yoke forming a magnetic path for the recording magnetic field together with the main pole and surrounding a portion of the coil passing above the main pole. The number of times that the coil passes above the main pole is smaller than the number of times that the coil passes below the main pole.

Abstract: A new N-heterocyclic catalyst system which contains N-heterocyclic carbene and amido as ligands, which are strongly bound to a palladium metal. Another heteroatom functionality can be used as a third ligand L. The NHC-amidate ligand system is unique in structure, and shows excellent reactivities in a number of chemical reactions. The chemical reactions include carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen and nitrogen) bond formations, and oxidation reactions of saturated carbon chemicals via C—H activation.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a gallium nitride (GaN) thin layer structure includes forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate, forming a first buffer layer on the sacrificial layer, forming an electrode layer on the first buffer layer, forming a second buffer layer on the electrode layer, partially etching the sacrificial layer to form at least two support members configured to support the first buffer layer and define at least one air cavity between the substrate and the first buffer layer, and forming a GaN thin layer on the second buffer layer.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a method of fabricating a triode-structure field-emission device. A cathode, an insulating layer, and a gate metal layer may be sequentially formed on a substrate. A first resist pattern having a first opening and a second resist pattern having a second opening smaller than the first opening may be formed to be sequentially laminated on the gate metal layer. Then, the gate metal layer and the insulating layer may be etched using the first resist pattern to form a gate electrode and an insulating layer having a first hole and a second hole corresponding to the first opening. A catalyst layer may be formed on the cathode exposed through the first and second holes using the second resist pattern. After the first resist pattern, second resist pattern, and the catalyst layer on the second resist pattern are removed, an emitter may be formed on the catalyst layer in the second hole.

Abstract: A terahertz oscillator may include a first insulating layer, an electron emitter on the first insulating layer, adapted to emit an electron beam, and including a cathode, an anode, an oscillating circuit, and a collector sequentially disposed, spaced apart from each other, on the first insulating layer in a direction in which the electron beam is emitted from the electron emitter, wherein the oscillating circuit converts energy of the electron beam to energy of an electromagnetic wave, and wherein the collector collects the electron beam, an output unit adapted to emit the electromagnetic wave from the oscillating circuit to outside of the terahertz oscillator, and an electron emitting material layer. The cathode may include a first curved portion that extends in a direction perpendicular to the first insulating layer. The electron emitting material layer may be on an inner surface of the first curved portion of the cathode.

Abstract: A microheater and a microheater array are provided. The microheater includes a substrate, a column disposed on the substrate and a bridge supported by the column. A width of a portion of a bridge formed on the column is less than a width of a portion of the bridge that does not contact the column. The bridge may include a spring component.

Abstract: A piezoelectric microspeaker and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The piezoelectric microspeaker includes a substrate having a through hole therein; a diaphragm disposed on the substrate and covering the through hole; and a plurality of piezoelectric actuators including a piezoelectric member, a first electrode, and a second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are configured to induce an electric field in the piezoelectric member. The piezoelectric actuators include a central actuator, which is disposed on a central portion of the diaphragm and a plurality of edge actuators, which are disposed a predetermined distance apart from the central actuator and are formed on a plurality of edge portions of the diaphragm.

Abstract: An audio data player may include a storage unit for storing one of more sound source files containing tag information, and an extraction unit for extracting one piece of information among the tag information (e.g., information on artist, album, title, year, genre, and user preference) of the stored sound source files. A control unit may provide the tag information of each sound source file extracted by the extraction unit in the form of a list, receiving one element of the provided list, and create a playback list.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording head and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The perpendicular magnetic recording head that includes a main pole, a return yoke, and coils that surround upper and lower parts of the main pole in a solenoid shape so that the main pole generates a magnetic field for recording information onto a recording medium, wherein a portion of the coils that pass above the main pole comprises a plurality of first coils and at least one second coil having a cross-sectional shape different from that of the first coils, and the second coil is formed across upper regions of two first coils adjacent to each other among the first coils.

Abstract: A terahertz oscillator may include a first insulating layer, an electron emitter on the first insulating layer, adapted to emit an electron beam, and including a cathode, an anode, an oscillating circuit, and a collector sequentially disposed, spaced apart from each other, on the first insulating layer in a direction in which the electron beam is emitted from the electron emitter, wherein the oscillating circuit converts energy of the electron beam to energy of an electromagnetic wave, and wherein the collector collects the electron beam, an output unit adapted to emit the electromagnetic wave from the oscillating circuit to outside of the terahertz oscillator, and an electron emitting material layer. The cathode may include a first curved portion that extends in a direction perpendicular to the first insulating layer. The electron emitting material layer may be on an inner surface of the first curved portion of the cathode.

Abstract: Provided is an optical shuttering device and a method of manufacturing the same. Device includes a roll-up blade that stays in a rolled-up state while no driving voltage is applied thereto and flattens to shutter a light-transmitting region when a predetermined driving voltage is applied to the roll-up blade. The roll-up blade may be provided as a single roll-up blade or as a plurality of roll-up blades such that the roll-up blade(s) shutters a a portion or the entirety of the light-transmitting region. The roll-up blade may be formed as a thin layer made of a single opaque, conductive material. As a single-layered structure, the roll-up blade may spontaneously roll up due to a stress gradient that is made in a thickness direction of the roll-up blade, and as a multi-layered structure, the roll-up blade may spontaneously roll up due to differences in mean stress of the multi layers.

Abstract: A terahertz radiation source includes: a cathode configured to emit an electron beam, an anode configured to focus the electron beam emitted from the cathode; a collector facing the cathode and configured to collect the emitted electron beam focused by the anode; an oscillating circuit positioned between the anode and the collector and configured to convert energy of a passing electron beam into electromagnetic wave energy; and an output unit connected to the oscillating circuit and configured to externally emit the electromagnetic wave energy.

Abstract: A resonator including a substrate, and a resonating unit having an active region that causes resonances and a non-active region that does not cause resonances, and having a first electrode, a piezoelectric film, and a second electrode layered in turn on the substrate. At least one of the first and the second electrodes is formed, so that at least a portion of a non-active region portion thereof has a thickness different from that of an active region portion thereof.

Abstract: A portable terminal is provided and the portable terminal includes a terminal body, a projector operatively connected to the terminal body, and a door movably mounted to the terminal body, the door being moveable between a first position covering the projector and a second position exposing the projector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a spalling-preventing composite material composed of fiber and powder, which have different diameters and melting points so as to be capable of realizing the effect of preventing spalling of high-strength concrete and the effect of improving the fluidity of concrete, and a high-strength refractory concrete comprising the spalling-preventing material. The composite material for preventing spalling of high-strength concrete is composed of powder and fiber at 1:1-3, wherein the powder is a polymer powder having a diameter of 0.10-0.5 mm and a melting point of 110-150° C., and the fiber is a conjugate fiber including a first fiber having a diameter of 0.05-0.10 mm, a length of 5-25 mm and a melting point of 150-190° C., and a second fiber having a diameter of 0.01-0.05 mm, a length of 5-25 mm and a melting point of 190-250° C., the first fiber being a polypropylene fiber, and the second fiber being a nylon fiber or a polyvinyl alcohol fiber.