Abstract: In an array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate, an array substrate includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and a fourth switching element. The first switching element is electrically connected to a first data line. The second switching element is electrically connected to a second data line adjacent to the first data line. The third switching element is electrically connected to a data power line interposed between the first and second data lines. The fourth switching element is electrically connected to a gate power line receiving a voltage having different polarity from a voltage applied to the data power line. Therefore, light transmittance, opening ratio and display quality are improved.

Abstract: In an array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate, an array substrate includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and a fourth switching element. The first switching element is electrically connected to a first data line. The second switching element is electrically connected to a second data line adjacent to the first data line. The third switching element is electrically connected to a data power line interposed between the first and second data lines. The fourth switching element is electrically connected to a gate power line receiving a voltage having different polarity from a voltage applied to the data power line.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a reflection-polarization member, a first electrode, an insulation layer and a pixel wall. The reflection-polarization member is disposed on the base substrate to reflect and polarize incident light. The first electrode is disposed in a unit pixel area of the reflection-polarization member. The insulation layer is disposed on the first electrode. The pixel wall is disposed on the insulation layer and defines the unit pixel area. Therefore, the entire area of a unit pixel may be used as a reflective area or a transmissive area, and thus an aperture ratio may be improved in a reflection mode or a transmission mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device provides for improved alignment of its liquid crystal molecules by having an alignment layer with polymer branches that are cured so as to reinforce a predefined orientation of the liquid crystal molecules even when no voltages are applied to the pixel-electrodes and/or common electrode of the device. Bruising of the screen can thus be rapidly repaired.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes; first and second substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates and including liquid crystal molecules, a first subpixel electrode disposed on the first substrate, the first subpixel electrode receiving a first data voltage, a second subpixel electrode disposed on the first substrate, the second subpixel electrode receiving a second data voltage; and a short protrusion disposed on the second substrate and simultaneously facing the first and second subpixel electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal layer is vertically aligned and has positive dielectric anisotropy.

Abstract: A substrate for a display panel includes a transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer. The transparent electrode layer is disposed on an insulating substrate, the transparent electrode layer being electrically floated. The alignment layer is disposed on the insulating substrate on which the transparent electrode layer is formed, and the alignment layer having a pre-tilt angle tilted about 85° to about 90° form the insulating substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optic device. The liquid crystal electro-optic device comprises at least one liquid crystal cell comprising: a pair of substrates having a gap therebetween; a pair of electrodes, the pair of electrodes positioned on one of the substrates or one electrode positioned on each substrate; and a ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material disposed in the gap between the pair of substrates, the ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material exhibiting an I-? SmC* phase sequence wherein the liquid crystal electro-optic device is bistable in operation. The invention also involves a method for making a liquid crystal electro-optic device.

Abstract: There is provided a package for holding long-period fiber gratings formed on an optical fiber from which an outer coating is partially removed to form the gratings thereon. A recoating is then applied to the long-period fiber gratings to maintain the optical characteristics of the long-period fiber gratings, and thereafter a silica glass tube is fixed around the recoating to protect the long-period fiber gratings from an ambient environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a long-period optical fiber grating according to the present invention. The long-period optical fiber grating includes a plurality of sections. The sections have a different grating periodicity. The distribution of the grating periodicity is asymmetric around a central reference section. Also, the sections have their lengths twice, or longer, as the respective grating periodicity.

Abstract: A low-loss, high-efficiency optical demultiplexer has a plurality of first optical devices and a plurality of second optical devices serially connected among the first optical devices. Each first optical device has first, second and third ports, receives an input optical signal via the first port, directs the input optical signal to the second port, and directs an optical signal returning via the second port only to the third port. Each second optical device has fourth and fifth ports connected between the first port of a corresponding first optical device and the second port of another corresponding first optical device, reflects only an optical signal having a corresponding wavelength component in the optical signal received via the fourth port, and passes an optical signal having the other wavelength components to the fifth port. In the second optical devices, different wavelength components of an optical signal received via the fourth port are reflected.

Abstract: There is provided a package for holding long-period fiber gratings formed on an optical fiber from which an outer coating is partially removed to form the gratings thereon. A recoating is then applied to the long-period fiber gratings to maintain the optical characteristics of the long-period fiber gratings, and thereafter a silica glass tube is fixed around the recoating to protect the long-period fiber gratings from an ambient environment.

Abstract: A long-period fiber grating filter device which includes a core having refractive index modulations formed therein at every predetermined distance, a cladding surrounding the core, a coating covering the cladding portion not adjacent to the long-period fiber gratings, a recoating covering the cladding portion adjacent to the long-period fiber gratings, a long-period fiber grating where a coupling wavelength exhibits a negative wavelength shift with respect to temperature change according to the amount of a dopant added to the core, and a recoating material where the refractive index decreases with temperature increase and the coupling wavelength exhibits a positive wavelength shift by the effect of the recoating material, wherein the negative wavelength shift in long-period fiber grating itself and the positive wavelength shift by the effect of the recoating material balance each other to eliminate temperature control in the long-period grating filter device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a long-period optical fiber grating according to the present invention. The long-period optical fiber grating includes a plurality of sections. The sections have a different grating periodicity. The distribution of the grating periodicity is asymmetric around a central reference section. Also, the sections have their lengths twice, or longer, as the respective grating periodicity.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a long-period fiber grating, including a laser source, a first lens for adjusting the focal point of laser generated by the laser source, a dispersing portion for dispersing laser passed through the first lens so that the size of a beam of the laser is broadened, a second lens for collimating the dispersed laser, and a composite amplitude mask for periodically transmitting laser collimated by the second lens, to an optical fiber, wherein the refractive index of the core of the optical fiber is periodically changed by laser which has passed through the composite amplitude mask. The coupling bandwidth of a long-period fiber grating can be controlled by adjusting the size of a laser beam which reaches an optical fiber. The wavelength where coupling occurs is controlled by adjusting the rotation angle of two amplitude masks, so that a desired light transmission spectrum is easily created.

Abstract: An optical demultiplexer for use in a low-power, high-density wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission device has a plurality of optical wavelength filters. The optical wavelength filters each include a first input port for receiving a input optical signal, a first output port for outputting only an optical signal having a predetermined wavelength component in the input optical signal, and a second output port for outputting an optical signal having wavelength components other than the predetermined wavelength component. The second output ports of the optical wavelength filters are serially connected to the first output ports of their adjacent optical wavelength filters.

Abstract: An amplitude mask, and an apparatus and method for manufacturing a long period grating filter using the same, are provided. When a long period grating is manufactured by selectively passing laser light to an optical fiber, the amplitude mask periodically passes laser light to the optical fiber. The amplitude mask includes two masks having periodically alternating pass areas for passing the laser light and nonpass areas for preventing passing of the laser light, the two masks being continuously rotated in opposite directions. The period of the pass area thus continuously changes. In this mask, two masks each having a predetermined period are rotated in opposite directions, to thus provide an amplitude mask period depending on the angle of rotation. Thus, the period of the amplitude mask can be continuously changed.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a long-period fiber grating and a two-band long-period fiber grating manufacturing apparatus using the same are provided. The apparatus includes a light source for generating the UV laser light, a mirror for reflecting the UV laser light generated in the light source at a predetermined angle and changing the traveling path thereof, a lens for focusing the laser light whose traveling path is changed by the mirror, a dispersing unit for dispersing the laser light passed through the lens, and an amplitude mask positioned between the dispersing unit and the optical fiber, and having a transmission region in which the dispersed laser light is periodically transmitted to the optical fiber. The bandwidth of a long-period fiber grating can be adjusted by adjusting the size of a laser beam irradiated into an optical fiber. Also, amplitude masks can be easily manufactured at low cost and damage threshold power thereof is high.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature compensated long period optical fiber grating filter. The long period optical fiber grating filter includes a core formed with a long period grating, a cladding surrounding the core, a coating coated over a portion of the cladding not surrounding the long period grating, and a re-coating coated over a portion of the cladding surrounding the long period and made of a material exhibiting an increase in refractive index in accordance with an increase in temperature, the re-coating serving to allow a coupling wavelength shift caused by the increase in refractive index to be carried out in a direction opposite to that of a coupling wavelength shift caused by a refractive all index difference between the core and the cladding.

Abstract: An apparatus and method used in manufacturing a long period grating filter are provided. The apparatus used in manufacturing a long period grating filter includes an upper body including a plurality of teeth spaced from each other by a predetermined distance and a lower body having teeth spaced from each other by the same distance as the teeth of the upper body and a plurality of grooves in a direction perpendicular to the teeth in which an optical fiber is loaded, wherein the upper and lower bodies are engaged with each other, and a plurality of grooves are formed in the loaded optical fiber by abrading the loaded optical fiber by moving the upper body in a direction parallel to the teeth. According to the present invention, an excimer laser, various other expensive equipment, and an optical fiber sensitive to ultraviolet rays are not required for manufacturing the long period grating filter. Accordingly, complicated hydrogen processing is not necessary.

Abstract: An amplitude mask used in a long period grating filter manufacturing apparatus includes a metal substrate having a periodic transmission area having a period for selectively transmitting light and a non-transmission area through which light does not pass; and a piezo-electric transducer located on the non-transmission area of the metal substrate for changing the period of the periodic transmission area. The periodic transmission area is located in the middle of the metal substrate and the piezo-electric transducer is located on opposite sides of the periodic transmission area. Piezo-electric transducers may be located on the non-transmission area to vary the period of the periodic transmission area.